Guildford, Surrey, England, UK 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-06-09
I. Population and Area
Continent: Europe
Country: The U.K
State/Province: England
City/Town: Guildford, Surrey
Total Area: 104.6 (sq mi)
Population in 2018: 147.9 （thousand）
II. Natural Geography (environment and resources)
Climate
Like the rest of Surrey and the large majority[clarification needed] of the British Isles, Guildford has a maritime climate with warm summers and cool winters. The nearest Met Office weather station for which records are available is at Wisley, about 6.5 miles (10 km) to the north-east of Guildford.
Onslow Village
Onslow Village is the sloped suburb on the western outskirts of Guildford. It, with one outlying road continuation, forms a wedge between the A3 road and A31 roads south of the junction of the A3 and Egerton Road, Guildford's Cathedral Turn and directly below Henley Fort, an 1880s built London Defence Position and a Scheduled Monument.
Rail
The town has two railway stations. The main station (served by South Western Railway and Great Western Railway) is on the west side of the River Wey, across the river from the main shopping area and the bus station. It is on the Portsmouth Direct Line between London Waterloo and Portsmouth Harbour. There are also direct lines to Aldershot; Reading; Gatwick Airport via Dorking and Redhill; and alternative London routes via Cobham & Stoke d'Abernon and Epsom.
Road
Guildford lies at the eastern end of the A31 and is bypassed by the A3 to the north, which links London and Portsmouth. The A25 connects Guildford with Wrotham Heath in Kent. The M25 is around 10 miles (16 km) to the north-east of the town, and the M4 motorway is around 22 miles (35 km) to the north-west of the town at junction 10 (Reading).
Bus
Bus services in Guildford are primarily operated by Arriva Guildford & West Surrey, with some additional services by Compass Bus, Safeguard Coaches and Stagecoach South. Most routes are centred on the bus station, next to the Friary shopping centre. Many local bus services are circular routes (starting and ending at the bus station) with different numbers for the clockwise and anticlockwise services. There are also buses to many surrounding towns and villages such as Woking and Aldershot.
Coach
National Express operate coach service 030 between London Victoria Coach Station and Portsmouth and Southsea via Egerton Road on the outskirts of Guildford, but not stopping in the town centre. First Bus operates an hourly coach service, RA2, linking Guildford railway station with Heathrow Airport. This also stops near the university before joining the A3.
Bicycle
Folding Brompton Bicycles are available for hire at Guildford station in the centre of town. The scheme was originally set up in partnership with South West Trains, then the principal train operator. Guildford council and the University of Surrey are co-operating on the launch of a community bike share scheme.
III. Economy
Guildford's economy continues to grow at a steady rate and for the latest figures available in 2016 had a total GVA* of over £5.5bn making it the largest economy in the Enterprise M3 area. The total GVA per head* was £36,165 which is slightly higher than the Surrey average (Winchester was higher in the peer group).
IV. Industrial Characterisitics
Major industries:
Key commercial sectors in and around Guildford include the creative industries, ICT, advanced engineering, software and digital media.
The 2011 Financial Times annual list of Top 500 Global Companies listed five major businesses with a significant presence in the town – the list includes Philips Electronics, Ericsson, Colgate-Palmolive, Allianz and Sanofi.
Media Molecule (acquired by Sony Computer Entertainment in 2010), Lionhead Studios (acquired by Microsoft Game Studios in 2006, closure announced on 7 March 2016), Hello Games, Criterion Games (acquired by Electronic Arts in 2004), Ghost Games UK (founded in 2013 by Electronic Arts), and Bullfrog Productions (acquired by Electronic Arts in 1995, closed in 2001) have helped the town become a centre for video game production.
The bus chassis factory of the Alexander Dennis (established as Dennis Specialist Vehicles) and fire engine bodywork factory John Dennis Coachbuilders are also in the town as well as military vehicle builders Automotive Technik. The Surrey Research Park contains a number of world leading companies including satellite manufacturers Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd and BOC, part of The Linde Group the largest provider of industrial, medical and specialist gases in the UK and Ireland.
Major projects and related introductions:
Big name projects include the Solum development at Guildford railway station, which began in the latter stages of 2019, as well as huge housing aspirations at Wisley Airfield, Garlick's Arch, Slyfield and Guildford Cathedral.
Reference Website:
https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/gallery/pictures-show-what-guildford-borough-17705535
V. Attractions
1. Guildford Castle：
Originally a Norman motte-and-bailey fortress, Guildford Castle reinforced several times over the next 300 years, but was primarily a royal residence, most notably for Henry III in the 13th century, and his son Edward I. The castle had been on the wane since the 17th century when the roof was removed, but was restored in the early 2000s.
2. Spike Heritage Centre：
This complex on the east side of Guildford is a rare opportunity to see the interior of an Edwardian Workhouse. These institutions provided “employment” and housing for the destitute, in exchange for rather grim working conditions. The Guildford Union Workhouse as it was known, was started in 1838, while the Spike Casuals’ Ward dates to 1905 and was constructed to keep undesirable inmates from the rest of the complex.
3. Loseley Park：
Outside the village of Compton to the southwest of Guildford is a fine Elizabethan manor house completed in the 1560s and altered very little since then. This was constructed with material from the dissolved Waverley Abbey, after the Queen had deemed the residence too small for her to visit.
Reference Website:
https://www.thecrazytourist.com/15-best-things-to-do-in-guildford-surrey-england/
VI. History
The root of the first part may be the word 'gold' rather than Guild, a society or meeting of tradesmen: the only known 10th-century (Saxon) record uses Guldeford and in the 11th century Geldeford; both meaning gold and ford. Local historians with an interest in toponyms cite the lack of gold in the region's sedimentary rocks and have suggested that the mention of 'gold' may refer to golden flowers found by the ford itself or the golden sand; several older sources such as Lewis's topological dictionary of 1848 prefer and give an unreferenced assertion there was a guild.
Rural Celtic Bronze Age pieces have been found in the town. Some of the tiles built into Guildford Castle may be Roman, and a Roman villa has been found on Broad Street Commo at the end of Roman Farm Road just west of Guildford's Park Barn neighbourhood.
It is proven by archaeology and contemporary accounts that Guildford was established as a small town by Saxon settlers shortly after Roman authority had been removed from Britain. The settlement was most likely expanded because of the Harrow Way (an ancient trackway connecting the ancient cities of Winchester and Canterbury) crosses the River Wey by a ford at this point.
The town's Royal Grammar School was built in 1509 and became Royal gaining the patronage of Edward VI in 1552. In the years around 1550, a pupil at the school was John Derrick who in later life became a Queen's Coroner for the county of Surrey. In 1597 (old style, 1598 by modern reckoning), Derrick made a legal deposition that contains the earliest definite reference to cricket being played anywhere in the world.
In the 21st century Guildford still has a High Street paved with granite setts, often referred to as cobbles, and is one of the most expensive places to buy property in the UK outside London.The town has a general street market held on Fridays and Saturdays. A farmers' market is usually held on the first Tuesday of each month. There is a Tourist Information Office, guided walks and various hotels including the historic Angel Hotel which long served as a coaching stop on the main London to Portsmouth stagecoach route. Guildford was voted the 9th best place to live in Britain in 2006 but slipped to 12th position in 2007, "largely due to the pollution produced by the numerous cars found on the roads". Guildford is the most attractive and safe shopping destination in the UK, according to the Eve Prime Retail Survey 2004 and ranked 27th in the country overall.
VII. Culture
Guildford has an art gallery, Guildford House Gallery, in the High Street, in a 17th-century Grade I listed town house which is run by Guildford Borough Council. Its art collection includes works of Guildford and the surrounding area, and works by Guildford artists, most notably John Russell. Also run by the Borough Council is Guildford Museum housing archaeology, local history and needlework displays. Smaller private fine art galleries are also present on the High Street.
Founded in 1834 as a Mechanics Institute, the mission of The Guildford Institute is to provide an educational, cultural and social community hub in the heart of the town offering a special place for people of all backgrounds to meet, learn and explore. It runs a comprehensive range of programs and courses ranging from art history to science, and hosts a popular vegetarian/vegan restaurant. The Institute library contains a wide-ranging collection of books and an extensive archive covering all aspects of life in Guildford built up since the foundation.
The town's principal commercial theatre is the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, which often shows productions after they have spent time in London's West End. The Electric Theatre opened in 1997 to host performances by musicians and amateur drama groups. It also hosts regular film, family and music festivals as well as comedy, and has a Riverside Cafe Bar and Terrace.
Guildford has an Odeon cinema multiplex, which in June 2007 was the first cinema in the world to show digital 4K films to the public. Guildford Civic Hall was the town's main arts and entertainment venue until it closed in January 2004.The Civic Hall was replaced by a new venue, G Live, which opened in September 2011. In 2009 the Mill Studio in Guildford featured the English premiere of the one-woman musical, Estelle Bright, starring actress/singer Sarah Tullamore.
Guildford Shakespeare Company performs in the town, using the bandstand in the castle grounds as the stage in the summer and several churches close to the High Street through the winter.
The Guildford Philharmonic Orchestra, founded as the Guildford Municipal Orchestra, received full council funding from 1945 until it was withdrawn in 2012. The orchestra was disbanded in March 2013, with Guildford Borough Council providing a classical music grant to other organisations instead.
VIII. Other information
Guildford's Spectrum Leisure Centre is a national prize-winning sports centre that includes a variety of pools (for leisure and for serious swimming), ten-pin bowling, a laser tag[area, an ice rink and an athletics track, as well as general halls used for indoor sports including gymnastics and trampolining. The Spectrum is home to several local sports teams, including Guildford City Football Club of the Combined Counties Football League, and the Guildford Flames of the British Elite Ice Hockey League. Guildford International Volleyball Club have managed to win the top of the fourth division of the National Volleyball League.
The Surrey Sports Park, owned by the University of Surrey, opened its doors to the general public on 19 April 2010 and is part of the university's Manor Park campus close to the Royal Surrey County Hospital and the Surrey Research Park. It has a 50-metre swimming pool, and a climbing wall, as well as squash courts, and floodlit tennis and artificial pitches. It is now the home of Surrey Scorchers of the British Basketball League and the Surrey Sharks of the Rugby League Conference London & South division.
Guildford Cricket Club play their home matches at the Woodbridge Road ground. Surrey County Cricket Club also play one or two matches a season there. Guildford Hockey Club is based at Broadwater School in Godalming, and the men's 1XI compete in the England Hockey League.Surrey Spartans Hockey Club is based in Guildford at the University of Surrey Sports Park.
IX. Contact information
Mayor/Officer: Richard Billington
Tel: 01483 505050
Mail: customerservices@guildford.gov.uk