Chelmsford, Essex, England, UK 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-06-08
I. Population and Area
Continent: Europe
Country: The U.K
State/Province: England
City/Town: Chelmsford, Essex
Total Area: 132.1 (sq mi)
Population in 2011: 168.3 (thousand）
II. Natural Geography (environment and resources)
Geology
From over 600,000 years ago, during the Pleistocene ice age, until the Anglian Stage around 478,000 to 424,000 years ago, the early River Thames flowed through the area where Chelmsford now stands, from Harlow to Colchester, before crossing what is now the North Sea to become a tributary of the Rhine. Consequently, gravel deposits are frequently found in the area and current and former gravel pits in the district are common.
Climate
As with the large majority of the UK, Chelmsford has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification, however due to the proximity to continental Europe, Chelmsford enjoys warm summers and cool but not cold winters, with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature. With Chelmsford in the southeast of England, the city enjoys a warmer climate than most of the United Kingdom; it is also one of the driest areas in the country. The nearest met office weather station is located in Writtle which is 2 miles (3 kilometres) west of the city centre. The record high temperature in Chelmsford was on 25 July 2019 when 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) was recorded. Another high temperature of note was on 10 August 2003 during the record breaking European heat wave when 35.7 °C (96.3 °F) was recorded.
Rail
The Eastern Counties Railway arrived in Chelmsford in 1842, although owing to the geography of the town, three viaducts had to be constructed, the longest of which is the 18 arch Central Park viaduct. The station was built at the end of the second viaduct with the third viaduct at the River Chelmer at Springfield. The present-day Chelmsford railway station dates from around 1885 and is in the city centre and around 14,000 commuters travel to London Liverpool Street daily on Greater Anglia services, making Chelmsford one of the busiest non-terminus stations outside London until 2010 when three early morning services were added starting at Chelmsford operating to London and three late evening services terminating at Chelmsford from London.
Bus
A new bus terminal in Duke Street opened in March 2007 which replaced an ageing 1930s bus station. It incorporates shops and apartments and has a covered roof for passengers. This is mainly used by First Essex which has many routes around the city and beyond including the X10 & X30 Essex Airlink. Other bus companies serving the area include Stephensons of Essex, Hedingham and Arriva Colchester. There are also a variety of school buses serving the city and surrounding areas. Outside of peak times many of these services are run under contract to Essex County Council.
Road
The A12 trunk road, running from London to Great Yarmouth originally built by the Romans to connect London and Colchester, used to pass through the city but is now diverted around the east. The £34.8m nine-mile (14 km) bypass opened in November 1986. It is a very important route, linking London and the M25 motorway with the docks at Harwich and Felixstowe, and the East Coast. Despite being notorious for frequent congestion, poor road surfaces and potholes, as well as accidents, many people move to Chelmsford for it being so well connected by not only rail services, but roads. The A414 trunk road, running from Hemel Hempstead to nearby Maldon, is a main road into the city, just off the A12, and also links the city to the M11 motorway at J7 near Harlow. The A130 provides an important link down to the A127 and A13, while the A131 passes through smaller towns and villages. The nearest motorway is the M25 London Orbital at J11 on the A12, 14 miles away
III. Economy
Average Salary in Chelmsford, England: Essex £27k
About Chelmsford, England: Essex
The average salary in Chelmsford, England: Essex is £27k. Trends in wages decreased by -100.0 percent in Q2 2020. The cost of living in Chelmsford, England: Essex is 100 percent higher than the national average. The most popular occupations in Chelmsford, England: Essex are Operations Manager, Account Manager, and Social Worker which pay between £17k and £50k per year. The most popular employers in Chelmsford, England: Essex are E2V Technologies, Essex County, and Olympus KeyMed.
Reference Website:
https://www.payscale.com/research/UK/Location=Chelmsford-England%3A-Essex/Salary
IV. Industrial Characterisitics
Major industries:
Manufacturing has always been a key sector in Chelmsford, with companies like BAE Systems and Visteon now being based in the city.
With close to 12,000 businesses in the area, Chelmsford has the largest business base in Essex and a large and prosperous economy.
The city not only attracts young companies, start-ups and entrepreneurs, but major international organisations also have a significant presence.
Forming a large part of Chelmsford’s financial and business sector are MS Amlin, AON, IFDS and Grant Thornton.
The city also has a strong research and development sector, including organisations Teledyn e2v and Battelle.
Major projects and related introductions:
1. Riverside Ice and Leisure Centre
The much-loved Riverside Ice and Leisure Centre is being transformed, complete with a modern swimming pool, a learner pool, a toddler splash zone and a flume. There will also be a new access point to a gym where sports fanatics can enjoy health and fitness studios, a 120-station gym area and parents can enjoy the benefits of a soft play area and crèche. The plans include a more spacious café and restaurant facing the river and improved changing rooms, with all facilities adapted for those with disabilites.
2. The former Dukes nightclub site
It was Chelmsford's most famous nightspot, a favourite with clubbers for almost 40 years. But the iconic venue Dukes, closed its doors in 2012. Now, the site of the former club could be turned into 112 brand new flats by Fitzpatricks New Homes. Since a planning application was submitted, nearly 50 local residents have personally written to the council to support the regeneration scheme.
Reference Website:
https://www.essexlive.news/news/biggest-chelmsford-developments-change-citys-1721475
V. Attractions
1. Hylands Estate：
Chelmsford City Council rescued this Neoclassical villa from dereliction in 1966 and organises festivals, children’s days and markets in its grounds. Restoration work lasted until 2005, and Hylands House opens for community events and is also rented out for opulent weddings. If you fancy a look around there’s a schedule of open days to peruse interiors that date back as far as the 1730s.
2. Chelmsford Cathedral：
The Church of St Mary became the Chelmsford Cathedral in 1914 with the foundation of the Chelmsford Diocese. That church was consecrated around the start of the 13th century, but was rebuilt in the 1400s and 1500s, and required interventions to the nave and chancel in the 19th century. Chelmsford Cathedral is the third smallest in the country, and has held onto lots of its Perpendicular Gothic stonework in the nave and lower part of the chancel. The nave ceiling reconstructed up to 1803 has circular plaster mouldings painted in pastel shades. The South Porch was enlarged in 1953 to commemorate the cooperation between British and American forces in the Second World War.
3. Chelmsford Museum：
As the county town of Essex, Chelmsford has a high-quality town museum that deserves to be in your plans. The setting is impressive too, at Oaklands House, the Victorian mansion for entrepreneur Charles Pertwee, with a peculiar neo-Romanesque campanile. The museum has a recent multimillion pound extension and reveals many different facets of Chelmsford’s past. You can find out about local industry, investigating R. E. B. Crompton’s trailblazing electrical engineering works, radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Company, or Hoffmann Ball Bearings, another big employer.
Reference Website:
https://www.thecrazytourist.com/15-best-things-to-do-in-chelmsford-essex-england/
VI. History
Since the 1980s Chelmsford has suffered from a decline in its defence-related industries, most notably the Marconi Company with all of its factories either being closed or sold. The site on West Hanningfield Road was sold to BAE Systems; the Waterhouse Lane site sold to E2V and the New Street site is undergoing major redevelopment for residential/mixed use. However, the city's location close to London and at the centre of Essex has helped it grow in importance as an administrative and distribution centre. The one-time largest employer in Chelmsford, RHP, the former Hoffman ball bearing manufacturing company, closed its New Street/Rectory Lane site in 1989. Some of the factory remains and has been converted into luxury apartments and a health club although most of the site was demolished to make way for the Rivermead Campus of the Anglia Ruskin University.
Beaulieu Park, The Village and Chancellor Park are some of the most recent large-scale housing developments built in the city to complement earlier developments, such as Chelmer Village which was built in the 1980s.
In 2007, the Channel 4 programme "Location, Location, Location" voted Chelmsford the 8th-best place to live in the UK.
VII. Culture
Media
Chelmsford is home to local radio station Chelmsford Radio, but it does not broadcast from the city. The station recently moved to studios in Southend having vacated its Heybridge premises on 12 January 2009. The station was originally situated in Chelmsford city centre in Cater House until November 2006. This station was previously known as Dream 107.7 until February, and before that, 107.7 Chelmer FM up to 2002. The station began broadcasting on 18 October 1998. It is the local station for mid-Essex. Adventure Radio have owned this station since 2008, where it was purchased from Tindle Radio Ltd. As of 19 February 2015, Chelmsford and Southend Radio re-branded and merged to form Radio Essex,
Religion
Chelmsford Cathedral is the second smallest cathedral in England after Derby Cathedral. It was built in the 15th and early 16th centuries, when it was the parish church of the prosperous medieval town. The Diocese of Chelmsford was established in 1914 from part of the Diocese of St Albans. It covers all of Essex and much of East London. Chelmsford is also situated in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brentwood and the two dioceses are now uniquely (at least within England) conterminous. With the coming of the Reformation the Catholic community of Chelmsford was subjected to the anti-Catholic laws and Chelmsford was the site of the death of a Catholic martyr, Saint John Payne. In the 19th century, native Catholics resurfaced and immigrants helped to build up the Catholic community. There are now three Catholic churches within Chelmsford along with a Norbertine canonry situated on New London Road; St. Philip's Priory and one of the largest Catholic private boarding schools in the country, New Hall School. Other denominations are also represented, the Baptists, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventist Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the United Reformed Church all have places of worship within the city. For the local Muslim community, the majority of which are Bengali and Pakistani, the Main Jamia Masjid mosque is located on Moulsham Street at the junction with Parkway.
Sport
Essex County Cricket Club is one of the 18 first-class county clubs that make up the English domestic cricket structure, representing the county of Essex. The club is based at the County Ground in New Writtle Street close to the city centre. Chelmsford City Football Club plays in the National League South. The club's home ground is at the Chelmsford Sport and Athletics Centre, Melbourne Park, which it shares with Chelmsford Athletic Club. Chelmsford is one of the largest settlements in England without a Football League team. The city is also home to the Chelmsford Sunday League, of which there are five divisions consisting of teams from around the area. The former ground of the club[which?] the New Writtle Street Stadium also hosted greyhound racing which was one of two venues to do so. The other was at Springfield on local farmland on Pump Lane corner which took place during April 1949.[clarification needed] The racing at both was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club) and they were known as flapping tracks, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.
VIII. Other information
John Dee, noted Elizabethan philosopher, magician and scientist and also responsible for the introduction to the first English translation of Euclid, was educated at the Chantry School (later re-founded as the Grammar School) in the sixteenth century.
Chelmsford is also home to part of the Anglia Ruskin University (formerly called Anglia Polytechnic) and to the grammar schools of Chelmsford County High School (founded in 1907) and King Edward VI Grammar School, founded in 1551 by charter of King Edward VI on the site of an earlier educational foundation (although evidence suggests it could have been around as early as 1292).
A Catholic secondary school in the area is St John Payne Catholic Comprehensive School. New Hall School, founded in 1642, is a private, Catholic boarding school which caters to pupils from the age of 3 right through to sixth form. The New Hall building, previously named Palace of Beaulieu, has a great history including that of Henry VIII.
Chelmsford College is the main provider of further education in the city. Established in the early 1960s, the college occupies three sites in the city. The main site on Moulsham Street dates from the 1960s and the Princes Road site is a late 1980s building. There are around 2,200 full-time and 2,100 part-time students enrolled on a wide range of academic, vocational and occupational programmes. The college is rated as "GOOD" by OFSTED and holds the prestigious Investors in People (IiP) Champion status and is also an IiP Gold award holder.
IX. Contact information
Mayor/Officer: Jude Deakin
Tel: 0345 603 7630
Mail: socialcaredirect@essex.gov.uk
Reference Website:
https://www.essex.gov.uk/contact-us
https://www.chelmsford.gov.uk/your-council/mayor-of-chelmsford/