Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England, UK 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-06-08
I. Population and Area
Continent: Europe
Country: The U.K
State/Province: England
City/Town: Cambridge, Cambridgeshire
Total Area: 7.097 (sq mi)
Population in 2018: 118.0 thousand）
II. Natural Geography (environment and resources)
Climate
The city has an oceanic climate. (Köppen: Cfb). Cambridge currently has two official weather observing stations, the National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), about 1 mile (2 km) north of the city boundary near Histon, and the Cambridge University Botanic Garden, about 1 mile south of the city centre. In addition, the Digital Technology Group of the University's Department of Computer Science and Technology[56] maintains a weather station on the West Cambridge site, displaying current weather conditions online via web browsers or an app, and also an archive dating back to 1995.
Ecology
The city contains three Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), at Cherry Hinton East Pit, Cherry Hinton West Pit, and Travellers Pit, and ten Local Nature Reserves (LNRs): Sheep's Green and Coe Fen, Coldham's Common, Stourbridge Common, Nine Wells, Byron's Pool, West Pit, Paradise, Barnwell West, Barnwell East, and Logan's Meadow.
Green belt
Cambridge is completely enclosed by green belt as a part of a wider environmental and planning policy first defined in 1965 and formalised in 1992. While some small tracts of green belt exist on the fringes of the city's boundary, much of the protection is in the surrounding South Cambridgeshire and nearby East Cambridgeshire districts, helping to maintain local green space, prevent further urban sprawl and unplanned expansion of the city, as well as protecting smaller outlying villages from further convergence with each other as well as the city.
Rail
Cambridge railway station was opened in 1845, initially linking to Bishopsgate station in London, via Bishops Stortford. Further lines opened throughout the 19th century, including the Cambridge and St Ives branch line, the Stour Valley Railway, the Cambridge to Mildenhall railway, and the Varsity Line to Oxford. Another station was opened in Cherry Hinton though, at the time, this was a separate village to Cambridge. Several of these lines were closed during the 1960s.
III. Economy
Total Real Gross Domestic Product for Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (MSA) (RGMP14460) Download
2018: 412,855.824
2017: 399,360.729
2016: 389,080.919
2015: 381,287.879
2014: 365,795.093
Reference Website:
https://www.google.com/search?ei=oQtCX-P0FtCU-gTymp2wCw&q=gdp+of+Cambridge&oq=gdp+of+Cambridge&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQA0oFCAkSATFKBQgKEgEzUJIaWNseYPAgaABwAHgAgAH0AYgB2AWSAQMyLTOYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwijydyv2LDrAhVQip4KHXJNB7YQ4dUDCAw&uact=5
IV. Industrial Characterisitics
Major industries:
There is a diverse list of key sectors in the City of Cambridge. From nuclear components to potato chips, all of these sectors use high-tech systems to boost productivity and be competitive.
Manufacturing is the largest industry in the Cambridge area, accounting for approximately 20 per cent of all jobs. Other sectors that play a supporting role in the community include engineering, legal, education, finance, and more.
Major projects and related introductions:
1. Aerospace
Fifteen of the world's top 25 aerospace companies are located in Ontario. Manufacturers in Cambridge supplying the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs),
2. Automotive
Not only is Cambridge heavily involved in automotive assembly, we also have a diverse supplier base that supports the automotive sector and others. Cambridge is a large contributor to the southern Ontario automotive corridor.
3. Food technology and processing
Some of the food technology and processing companies located in Cambridge are:
Grand River Foods
Frito-Lay Canada
The Grober Group
4. Nuclear
Companies in Cambridge's nuclear sector include:
BWXT Canada Ltd.
Aecon Industrial
Mirion Technologies (IST Canada) Inc.
Reference Website:
https://www.investcambridge.ca/en/key-sectors/Key-Sectors.aspx
V. Attractions
1. King's College and King's College Chapel：
Founded in 1441 by Henry VI and the earliest of the royal foundations, King's College is worth visiting for the huge expanse of lawn extending down to the river and King's Bridge, with its lovely views of the Backs, the various college grounds along the riverside. Distinguished alumni includes writer Horace Walpole, poet Rupert Brooke, and economist Lord Keynes.
2. Queens' College and the Mathematical Bridge：
Founded in 1448 by Andrew Dockett under the patronage of Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI, Queens' College was refounded in 1465 by Elizabeth Woodville, wife of Edward IV. It has the most complete medieval buildings of all Cambridge's colleges, including the magnificent gateway leading to the red brick First Court, dating from the period of foundation.
3. Cambridge University Botanic Garden：
Covering an area of some 40 acres, the Cambridge University Botanic Garden is a must-do for gardening enthusiasts. Established in 1831, the garden showcases an impressive collection of more than 8,000 species of plants from across the globe. Be sure to spend time wandering through the garden's many glasshouses and trails, something that can be done as part of a guided tour (free on Sundays). Afterwards, be sure to visit the Garden Café and Botanic Garden Shop.
VI. History
Settlements have existed around the Cambridge area since prehistoric times. The earliest clear evidence of occupation is the remains of a 3,500-year-old farmstead discovered at the site of Fitzwilliam College.
The principal Roman site is a small fort (castrum) Duroliponte on Castle Hill, just northwest of the city centre around the location of the earlier British village. The fort was bounded on two sides by the lines formed by the present Mount Pleasant, continuing across Huntingdon Road into Clare Street. The eastern side followed Magrath Avenue, with the southern side running near to Chesterton Lane and Kettle's Yard before turning northwest at Honey Hill. It was constructed around AD 70 and converted to civilian use around 50 years later.
Following the Roman withdrawal from Britain around 410, the location may have been abandoned by the Britons, although the site is usually identified as Cair Grauth listed among the 28 cities of Britain by the History of the Britons. Evidence exists that the invading Anglo-Saxons had begun occupying the area by the end of the century.Their settlement – also on and around Castle Hill – became known as Grantebrycge ("Granta-bridge"). (By Middle English, the settlement's name had changed to "Cambridge", and the lower stretches of the Granta changed their name to match.)
Following repeated outbreaks of pestilence throughout the 16th Century, sanitation and fresh water were brought to Cambridge by the construction of Hobson's Conduit in the early 1600s. Water was brought from Nine Wells, at the foot of the Gog Magog Hills, into the centre of the town.
From the 1930s to the 1980s, the size of the city was increased by several large council estates. The biggest impact has been on the area north of the river, which are now the estates of East Chesterton, King's Hedges, and Arbury where Archbishop Rowan Williams lived and worked as an assistant priest in the early 1980s.
VII. Culture
Theatre
Cambridge's main traditional theatre is the Arts Theatre, a venue with 666 seats in the town centre. The theatre often has touring shows, as well as those by local companies. The largest venue in the city to regular hold theatrical performances is the Cambridge Corn Exchange with a capacity of 1,800 standing or 1,200 seated. Housed within the city's 19th century former corn exchange building the venue was used for a variety of additional functions throughout the 20th century including tea parties, motor shows, sports matches and a music venue with temporary stage.
Museums
Within the city there are several notable museums, some run by the University of Cambridge Museums consortium and others independent of it. The Fitzwilliam Museum is the city's largest, and is the lead museum of the University of Cambridge Museums. Founded in 1816 from the bequeathment and collections of Richard, Viscount FitzWilliam, the museum was originally located in the building of the Perse Grammar School in Free School Lane. After a brief housing in the University of Cambridge library, it moved to its current, purpose-built building on Trumpington Street in 1848. The museum has five departments: Antiquities; Applied Arts; Coins and Medals; Manuscripts and Printed Books; and Paintings, Drawings and Prints.
Popular music
Pink Floyd are the most notable band with roots in Cambridge. The band's former songwriter, guitarist and vocalist Syd Barrett was born and lived in the city, and he and another founding member, Roger Waters, went to school together at Cambridgeshire High School for Boys. David Gilmour, the guitarist who replaced Barrett, was also a Cambridge resident and attended the nearby Perse School. Bands that were formed in Cambridge include Clean Bandit, Henry Cow, The Movies, Katrina and the Waves, The Soft Boys, Ezio The Broken Family Band, Uncle Acid & the Deadbeats, and the pop-classical group King's Singers, who were formed at the University. Solo artist Boo Hewerdine is from Cambridge, as are drum and bass artists (and brothers) Nu:Tone and Logistics. Singers Matthew Bellamy of the rock band Muse, Tom Robinson, and Olivia Newton-John were born in the city. 2012 Mercury Prize winners Alt-J are based in Cambridge.
VIII. Other information
Cambridge's two universities,the collegiate University of Cambridge and the local campus of Anglia Ruskin University, serve around 30,000 students, by some estimates. Cambridge University estimated its 2007/08 student population at 17,662, and Anglia Ruskin reports 24,000 students across its two campuses (one of which is outside Cambridge, in Chelmsford) for the same period. ARU now (2019) has additional campuses in London and Perborough. State provision in the further education sector includes Hills Road Sixth Form College, Long Road Sixth Form College, and Cambridge Regional College.
Both state and independent schools serve Cambridge pupils from nursery to secondary school age. State schools are administered by Cambridgeshire County Council, which maintains 251 schools in total, 35 of them in Cambridge city. Netherhall School, Chesterton Community College, the Parkside Federation (comprising Parkside Community College and Coleridge Community College), North Cambridge Academy and the Christian inter-denominational St Bede's School provide comprehensive secondary education. Many other pupils from the Cambridge area attend village colleges, an educational institution unique to Cambridgeshire, which serve as secondary schools during the day and adult education centres outside of school hours. Independent schools in the city include The Perse School, Stephen Perse Foundation, Sancton Wood School, St Mary's School, Heritage School and The Leys School.The city has one university technical college, Cambridge Academy for Science and Technology, which opened in September 2014.
IX. Contact information
Mayor/Officer: Cllr Russ McPherson
Tel: 01223 457021
Mail: mayor@cambridge.gov.uk
Reference Website:
https://www.cambridge.gov.uk/the-mayor