Preston, Lancashire, England, UK 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-04-01
I. Population and Area
Continent: Europe
Country: The U.K
State/Province: England
City/Town: Preston, Lancashire
Total Area: 54.91 (sq mi)
Population in 2011: 420.661（thousand）
II. Natural Geography (environment and resources)
Transport in Preston
The Preston By-pass, opened 5 December 1958, became the first stretch of motorway in the UK and is now part of the M6 with a short section now forming part of the M55. It was built to ease traffic congestion caused by tourists travelling to the popular destinations of Blackpool and The Lake District. The first traffic cones were used during its construction, replacing red lantern paraffin burners.
Rail
Preston Railway Station
Preston railway station opened in 1838 and has since been rebuilt and extended several times. It is a major stop on the West Coast Main Line, with long-distance train services to London (Euston) in the south and Glasgow and Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Inverness and Fort William to the north. Preston is the hub for connecting rail services in the North West, with direct services to Blackpool, Lancaster, Blackburn, Bradford, Leeds, Wigan, Bolton, Manchester, Liverpool and Ormskirk.
Water
A narrowboat on the Lancaster Canal at Ashton-on-Ribble
The former Port of Preston, known as Riversway or Preston Dock, has been the site of an expanding commercial and residential complex since 1988.
The Marina is just north of the River Ribble which enters into the east of the Irish Sea. This marina has its own chandlery and coffee shop, training courses and boat sales.
The Lancaster Canal runs from Preston to Kendal in Cumbria, providing 42 miles of navigable waterways. There are facilities for mooring narrowboats at its terminus at Ashton-on-Ribble.
Bus
Preston bus station
Five main bus operators serve Preston. Preston Bus, formerly the city's municipal bus company, served the district and operated a route between Preston and Penwortham. In October 2006, Preston Bus started operating two orbital bus routes.
Air
Although not a public airport, Warton Aerodrome is an active airfield west of the city and is the airfield for the BAE Warton factory. BAE Samlesbury to the east of the town was an active aerodrome, with a gliding club, but today serves as a facility for BAE Systems and no longer supports flying activities. The nearest airports from Preston with scheduled service are Liverpool John Lennon Airport and Manchester Airport, about 40 miles (64 km) south-west and south-east of the city respectively. Manchester Airport is linked by a direct rail service operated by TransPennine Express.
Walking and cycling
The Guild Wheel is a public footpath and cycle route, created in 2012 in celebration of the Preston Guild and officially opened in August of that year.[102] 21 miles (34 km) in length, it encircles Preston, linking the city to the countryside and surrounding villages. Walking and cycling on the pathway along the banks of the Lancaster Canal is popular among the city's residents and visitors.
III. ECONOMY
In 2013：4.946 (£ bn)
Reference Website:
https://www.google.com/search?ei=u4YtX-LpKdPT-wSU_6voBQ&q=gdp+of+preston&oq=gdp+of+preston&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzIGCAAQHhATOgIIADoECAAQEzoICAAQCBAeEBM6CAgAEA0QHhATUNk9WLpoYNZvaANwAHgAgAHxAogB9hOSAQUyLTYuM5gBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwiis_XoxonrAhXT6Z4KHZT_Cl0Q4dUDCAw&uact=5
IV. Industrial Characterisitics
Major industries：Cotton manufacturing was the biggest employer in Preston in the 19th Century and grew steadily from one cotton mill to an industry that 80% of the population depended on. The Preston industrial revolution is also credited with the invention of the water frame – a tool used for spinning cotton thread.
Big project：Ringway tower blocks
Details: Previously named the Bhailok Court Tower Blocks, although that name has now been dropped, this new development on Pole Street, Preston, will see a huge renovation in the city centre.This is not the first development in Preston organised by The Heaton Group, with this development featuring an £18m investment in a 15-storey building, towering over Ringway.
The new tower block would house some 176 new apartments but the plans are still awaiting Preston City Council approval.
Big project：UCLan Civic Square and Student Centre
Details: This project, which will be expanding the already considerable University of Central Lancashire site in Preston, is already underway.
The £60m project will cover the development of a student centre and civic square by Bowmer + Kirkland, encompassing a 7,304 sqm building providing a new reception area, informal learning spaces and a student wellbeing support centre.
The project will also feature the creation of a new civic square forming an iconic gateway to Preston city centre from the north of the city.
A new glass-fronted engineering centre has already been completed
Reference Website:
https://www.google.com/search?ei=hrM0X-TVArL09APn9KuAAw&q=industry+of++preston&oq=industry+of++preston&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzIECAAQHjoCCAA6CAgAEA0QBRAeUNPVFli93xZgleMWaABwAHgAgAHCAogB7hCSAQUyLTcuMZgBAaABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwjksMDCnpfrAhUyOn0KHWf6CjAQ4dUDCAw&uact=5
V. Attractions
1. Turbary Woods Owl and Bird of Prey Sanctuary：
Turbary Woods Owl and Bird of Prey Sanctuary is a pure volunteer based, non profit group of volunteers. The flying display give you the visitors, Children & Adults, the chance to participate in the flying display and have our birds land
2. Avenham and Miller Parks：
Beautiful parks that have something for everyone. Promenade walks along the riverbank, Japanese garden, formal gardens, food growing areas, parkruns, several events during the year, cafe and excellent pub with beer garden next to it.
3. Preston Guild Wheel：
I’ve now done the Guild wheel several times in both directions, including one occasion with my 10 year old son.
Positives: fairly flat route (with a couple of exceptions), largely off-road on shared pedestrian paths, plenty of places to stop en-route (picnic benches, pubs, cafes), much of the route is pretty scenic.
Negatives: can be busy, especially at weekends during nice weather. When windy, parts of the route are quite exposed, especially by the docks. One or two sections of the route are a bit rough and a pure road bike might struggle. Hybrids or mountain bikes will be fine however.
It took me and ny 10 year old son 2hrs 15 mins to complete the wheel (with no stops). If you want to admire the views en-route then I’d allow up to 3 hours.
It’s a lovely route and a great way to spend a sunny afternoon.
Reference Website:
https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Attractions-g187062-Activities-Preston_Lancashire_England.html
VI. History
During the Roman period, Roman roads passed close to what is now the centre of Preston. For example, the road from Luguvalium to Mamucium (now Carlisle to Manchester) crossed the River Ribble at Walton-le-Dale, 3⁄4 mile (1 km) southeast of the centre of Preston, and a Roman camp or station may also have been here. At Withy Trees, 1 1⁄2 miles (2 km) north of Preston, the road crossed another Roman road from Bremetennacum (the Roman fort at Ribchester) to the coast.
An explanation of the origin of the name is that the Priest's Town refers to a priory set up by St Wilfrid near the Ribble's lowest ford. This idea is supported by the similarity of the Paschal lamb on Preston's crest with that on St Wilfrid's.
When first mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book, Preston was already the most important town in Amounderness (the area of Central Lancashire between the rivers Ribble and Cocker, including The Fylde and the Forest of Bowland). When assessed for tax purposes in 1218 – 19 it was the wealthiest town in the whole county.
VII. Culture
In the mid-12th century, Preston was in the hundred of Amounderness, in the deanery of Amounderness and the archdeaconry of Richmond. The name "Amounderness" is more ancient than the name of any other "Wapentake" or hundred in the County of Lancashire, and the fort at Tulketh, strengthened by William the Conqueror, shows that the strategic importance of the area was appreciated even then.
The location of the city, almost exactly midway between Glasgow and London, led to many decisive battles being fought here, most notably during the English Civil War at the Battle of Preston (1648), and then the first Jacobite rebellion, whose invasion of England was brought to a conclusion by the defeat of the pro-Catholic and pro-monarchial Jacobite army at the Battle of Preston (1715). Letitia Elizabeth Landon alludes to this latter defeat in her poem Preston in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book 1834.
VIII. Other information
Retail is also a major contributor to Preston's economy. The city's main high streets are Fishergate and Friargate which offer shops, bars and restaurants with many more tucked away down the side streets. Two major shopping centres are located along the high streets:
Fishergate Shopping Centre – which has a Debenhams department store, McDonald's, Poundland, Starbucks, Evans (clothing), Lush, Sports Direct, TK Maxx and Argos stores.
St George's Shopping Centre (formerly The Mall Preston) – a popular centrally located shopping mall dating from the 1960s.
Preston is also home to the historic Covered Market and Fishmarket. In 2016 these sites were redeveloped and the old covered market now contains the new Market Hall and Outdoor and Secondhand Markets, and the old fish market now contains the Box Market, a unique shopping space consisting of upgraded shipping containers. Market vendors sell fresh and local quality meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, and dairy products, hot and cold food to eat in or take away, as well as brewed ales and artisan coffee. The markets are open Monday-Saturday and on Tuesdays, a Car boot sale operates from the Outdoor Market .
Capitol Centre Retail Park on the A6 London Road to the south of the city at Walton-le-Dale. The centre has over 20 major stores including Boots, Carphone Warehouse, Curry's-PC World, Gap Outlet, Next and TK Maxx, and various fast-food restaurants including McDonalds, Starbucks and Subway. There is also a Vue Cinema, and Tesco and Waitrose supermarkets. Free car parking is provided along with a bus interchange.
Deepdale Shopping park, on the A5085 Blackpool Road on the northern edge of the city, has over 30 major stores including Boots, Carphone Warehouse, Halfords, Marks & Spencer, Next and Wilko, and various fast-food restaurants including KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut. There is also an Aldi supermarket, as well as a Morrisons nearby. Free parking is provided for over 1,000 cars.
Riversway Retail Park, located off the A583 Riversway at Ashton-on-Ribble. Stores include home furnishings providers Bensons For Beds, DFS and ScS Sofa Carpet Specialist. Other retailers include Halfords and Pets At Home, and there is a Morrisons Supermarket, Homebase DIY and a McDonalds fast-food restaurant. Nearby is an Odeaon cinema, KFC and a Chiquito restaurant. Free parking is provided.
South Rings Business Park, located off the A6 at Bamber Bridge, near the intersection of the M6, M65 and M61 motorways. There are Aldi and Sainsburys supermarkets, B&Q DIY, Matalan, Burger King fast-food restaurant and the Walton Fox country pub and restaurant. Free car parking is provided.
IX. Contact information
Mayor/Officer: David Borrow
Tel: 0344 856 1964
Facebook: @PrestonMayor
Twitter: @PrestonMayor
Reference Website:
https://www.preston.gov.uk/article/1363/The-Mayor-of-Preston