Bjerkreim,Norway 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-02-20
一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积
Bjerkreim is a municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Dalane. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Vikeså. Other villages in the municipality include Bjerkreim and Øvrebygd. Nature has been generous in giving Bjerkreim many idyllic places, making Bjerkreim a good place to live by living in a countryside environment, but still relatively close to a major city, Stavanger. Bjerkreim has one of the most important salmon rivers in Norway, Bjerkreimselva. The most important livelihoods are agriculture and small-scale industries.
The 651-square-kilometer (251 sq mi) municipality is the 173rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Bjerkreim is the 240th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,787. The municipality's population density is 4.8 inhabitants per square kilometer (12 / sq mi) and its population has increased by 7.9% over the previous 10-year period.
二、自然地理
1.地理条件
Bjerkreim municipality lies at the northern end of the hilly, rugged Dalane district, just south of the very flat Jæren district. There are several large lakes in Bjerkreim including Austrumdalsvatnet, Byrkjelandsvatnet, Hofreistæ, and Ørsdalsvatnet.
Bjerkreim municipality is located between the flat Jæren in the south and Setesdal and Ryfylkeheiene in the north.
In the south, the heaths are low and the soil is well suited for farming. In the north there are mountains and valleys, and in the far north the mountain peaks stretch over 900 meters. The highest peaks are Vinjakula at 907 meters and Skykula at 906 meters.
In the southern and lower parts of the municipality, there are large areas of cultivated land. The valleys are located in a northeasterly direction. The largest valleys are Ørsdalen and Austrumdalen. These valleys are characterized by large lakes and high mountains. The largest lake Ørsdalsvatnet is 18 km long. In the northwest is Gloppedalsuren, the largest stone clock in Northern Europe. Bjerkreimselva is located in Bjerkreim. Most of the lakes, streams and rivers in the municipality belong to this watercourse, which empties into the sea at Egersund.
2. 交通情况
The main means of transportation to Bjerkreim is via the European route E39 highway which passes through the municipality from south to north. The municipality lies in the southwestern part of the country. The distance to the nearest airport, Stavanger airport in Sola, is approximately 40 minutes by car. Tourist information in Bjerkreim is handled by Vikeså Veiservice (ESSO), close to the E39 at Vikeså.
三、经济发展和规模
The business life in Bjerkreim has always been characterized by farmers, and sheep farming in particular has been a key industry. Bjerkreim municipality is the 2nd largest sheep municipality in Norway with 18,812 winter fora animals (Oppdal municipality had as of 1 January 2006 19,037 animals). But according to an article in Stavanger Aftenblad about the World Cup in sheep shearing 2008 which was held at Vikeså in Bjerkreim from 2 to 5 October, the municipality has well over 19,000 sheep, as many as 19,621 according to mayor Marthon Skårland. The village has changed a lot, especially in the last 40 years. The centers Vikeså and Bjerkreim have developed into small "rural towns" with their own residential areas. The population has increased from just over 1,800 inhabitants to today (2012) close to 2,800. During this period, schools, kindergartens, nursing homes (1982) and town halls (1977) have been built, and the village has received a different service offer than before. In addition to the jobs created in the public sector, many new jobs have also been created in industry and service. Agriculture has also had a positive development and today appears as a modern industry on a par with other districts in Rogaland. Bjerkreim is no longer a settlement with one-sided business life connected to agriculture, although this industry still means a lot to many.
Bjerkreim municipality wants to support the establishment of profitable business in Bjerkreim municipality. We do this by allocating funds from our business fund. The municipality has for many years received licensing fees from various power companies. According to the Licensing Act, such fees shall be capitalized and used for special measures through a business fund.
Grants from the fund can be given as grants or loans. The Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development has previously provided guidelines for support from municipal business funds: "As a general rule, total funding from the fund for private business initiatives shall not exceed 50% of the total capital requirement for a project. up to 75% funding can be provided. " Bjerkreim municipality assesses support against available funds in the business fund, scope of investment and employment effect. There are application deadlines on 1 May and 1 November each year.
The largest wind farm in the area will be "Bjerkreim Wind Farm Søndre Klynge". The park is owned by Luxcara and is managed by a project manager from Norsk Vindenergi. Here are a total of 70 wind turbines and 45 km of road in the area. Total power is 294 MW which gives about 1000 GWH (= 1 TWh) in production. This covers the consumption of about 55,000 households.
This wind farm has been planned for a long time. Licenses were awarded to three different parks in 2009; Skinansfjellet wind farm, Eikeland-Steinsland wind farm and Gravdal wind farm. Norsk Vindenergi owned the license for Skinansfjellet and later bought a license for the Eikeland-Steinsland wind farm from Dalane Vind AS and a license for the Gravdal wind farm from Fred. Olsen Renewables AS.
Construction started in the area was November 2017 with roads and parking spaces. Construction started for turbine foundations was August 2018. The first turbine transport in the spring of 2019 with installations from April 2019. The transformer from Statnett will receive power to the grid from May 2019. Completion of Bjerkreim Wind Farm Søndre Klynge is December 2019.
https://www.bjerkreim.kommune.no/tjenester/naring-landbruk-og-miljo/naringsutvikling/naringsfond/
四、产业特点重点项目
IVAR IKS plans to build a raw water tunnel from Birkelandsvatnet to an existing raw water tunnel from Stølsvatnet. The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) has granted a license for the measure.
The purpose of the planning work is to arrange for a construction road, turning area, parking, landfills for rock masses, rig and construction area, portal buildings, etc. at Birkeland. In addition, there are measures at the southern end of Stølsvatnet.
The planning area is in the municipal plan for Bjerkreim municipality 2014 - 2026 allocated as LNRF (Agricultural, nature and outdoor purposes as well as reindeer husbandry). The plan shows a landslide risk consideration zone for part of the plan area, and a High Voltage Consideration Zone through the area.
Pursuant to the Planning and Building Act § 12‐8, Vial AS notifies on behalf of North Sea Energy Park AS of the start of detailed regulation work for North Sea Energy Park, gnr. 80 bnr. 8 - Hetlandsskogen in Bjerkreim municipality. North Sea Energy Park is a public-private partnership between Bjerkreim municipality, Dalane Energi and Hetlandsskogen AS. At the same time, notice is given of the start of negotiations on a development agreement in accordance with PBL § 17, and public inspection of proposals for planning programs in accordance with PBL § 4‐1 and § 12‐9. Planned measures trigger requirements for an impact assessment.
The purpose of the regulation is to facilitate the establishment of power-intensive industry with associated infrastructure of approx. 2500 days in Bjerkreim. The warning area is 7600 daa and is shown with a black, dotted line on the map section below.
In the municipal plan for Bjerkreim 2014-2026, the planning area is set aside for the LNFR area. Parts of the warning area are covered by H370, consideration zone for high-voltage installations, and H730, consideration zone for cultural heritage. Planned purposes do not correspond to the purpose of the municipal plan.
五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)
1. Bjerkreim Church
Bjerkreim Church (Norwegian: Bjerkreim kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bjerkreim Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Bjerkreim. It is one of the two churches for the Bjerkreim parish which is part of the Dalane prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1835 using designs by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 410 people.
The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1388, but it was likely built during the late 13th century. The first church was located along the river Bjerkreimselva, about 100 meters (330 ft) southwest of the present church site. In 1628, the church burned down and it was replaced by a small timber-framed church. In 1835, a new paneled timber church was built a short distance to the northeast. After the new church was completed, the old church was torn down and its materials were auctioned off.
2. Ivesdal Chapel
Ivesdal Chapel (Norwegian: Ivesdal kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bjerkreim Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Øvrebygd. It is one of the two churches for the Bjerkreim parish which is part of the Dalane prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1876 using designs by the architects Larsen and Helleland. The church seats about 210 people.
3. Bjerkreim Public Library
Bjerkreim Public Library is located next to Vikeså school at Lossvollen. It is a combination library (public library + school library).The digital reading campaign Sommarles.no is underway. From 1 June, all 1st - 7th graders in Bjerkreim municipality can take part in Norway's coolest reading campaign, together with children from all over Norway.
Infection control measures have been introduced in accordance with the infection control doctor's recommendations:
"Everyone must wash their hands with hand sanitizer when they enter, and we can receive a maximum of 10 visitors at a time. Feel free to order books and more at bjerkreim.bib.no or the Bibliofil app, and the books are ready for collection when they arrive. The library lends books, audio books, films, magazines, newspapers and some music recordings. All lending is free. The public also has the right to search for information via the Internet. Internet search is free, but limited in time. The public can use the library's copier for a fee per. copy. The library also helps to obtain books and other material from other libraries, if it is not in the library's own collections. This service is also free for the public.
https://www.bjerkreim.kommune.no/tjenester/kultur-idrett-fritid-og-turisme/bibliotek/
六、历史文化
1.历史
The parish of Birkrem was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1965, there were many municipal changes in Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On that date, the Nedre Maudal area of Bjerkreim (population: 40) was transferred to the neighboring municipality of Gjesdal.
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Bjerkreim farm (Old Norse: Bjarkarheimr), since the first Bjerkreim Church was built there. The first element is the genitive case of bjørk which means "birch" and the last element is heimr which means "homestead" or "farm". Before 1889, the name was written "Birkrem".
The coat of arms was granted on 11 July 1986. The green and white arms are canting, showing a white (or silver) birch branch on a green background. This was chosen since the name of the municipality is derived from the Norwegian word for birch, bjørk.
Dalane belongs to the Sveconorvegian bedrock shield, and consists of two main geological formations of Proterozoic rocks formed during the Gothic and later Svekonorvegian mountain range ancestors, with strong metamorphosis under the latter. A substrate of 1,600 - 1,450 million years old slate, quartzite, marble and amphibolite with some hornblende gneiss. The youngest Sveconorvegian formations are witnessed by larger formations of granite. In the municipality, 1,050 million-year-old granite and granitic eye gneiss dominate the upper structures. The Caledonian mountain range fold did not reach down here. The faults run both in the southwest-northeast direction and in the south-north direction.
Map of the geology of Dalane and Lista. Rogaland anorthosite province, formerly known as the Egersund field, is a 920-932 million year old formation of deep rocks, which originates from 1-8 km deep. It contains valuable minerals such as ilmenite and apatite.
The whole of southeastern Rogaland within Dalane belongs to the 1,700 km² Rogaland anorthosite province, formerly known as the «Egersund field». This is a magmatite formation of deep rocks that also continues out into the North Sea in a similarly large area. The most common rocks are the light solidification rocks anorthosite, the gabbro types norite and jotunite, further the economically interesting apatite, magnetite and ilmenite, as well as the deep rock mangerite. The apatite fields are rich in phosphorus and are felt on an extra lush vegetation.
Towards the end of the formation of the Sveconorvegian bedrock shield 932 million years ago, masses from the mantle rose from up to 8 km depth. The older, Sveconorvegian gneiss and granite fields around the anorthosite formation were melted down and transformed under strong heat to, among other things, osumilite in a 15-30 kilometer wide zone.
The Egersund-Ogna anorthosite around Egersund consists mostly of anorthosite, and a little norite in the east. In the more eastern main bodies with the Helleren anorthosite and the Åna-Sira anorthosite, the relationship is reversed - light norite dominates over anorthosite. The two-part Bjerkreim-Sokndal intrusion in the northeast is the youngest, with layers of deep rocks from 1 - 7 km original depth, and deposits of jotunite, apatite, magnetite and ilmenite (FeTiO3) both in the northern Bjerkreim part and the southern Sokndal- the part. In the latter, Titania AS extracts ilmenite for the production of titanium (Ti). The mining operations in Rogaland anthropite province have roots dating back to the 18th century.
Finds from the Stone Age document that there have been settlements in Bjerkreim as far back as 5000-6000 years ago. The Uadal area on Storrsheia, 2-3 km north of Vikeså center by E39, is an example of old farming and settlement where people have lived from 350 until the Black Death in 1349.
In the same area is Auglend with clear marks for longhouses. These facilities show that people were farmers who grew grain and lived by hunting, fishing and simple farming. In the 19th century, the village lived on a farm that was vacated and closed at the end of the 19th century and the first part of the 20th century. All these uses have now been relocated. In the war years 1940–45, Bjerkreim was the arena for several war events. The battle of Gloppedalsuren in the April days of 1940 stands as a symbol of the Norwegian resistance, where several Germans lost their lives. Several Bjerkreim bows became involved in the resistance work, and in the autumn of 1944 the Germans attacked Gjedrem where several Norwegian refugees were in hiding. Later, this incident has been called the Battle of Gjedrem. About 100 birch bows were taken as German prisoners of war, but all returned home.
2. 文化体育
The culture has also had a positive development during this period, with new buildings and great activity in voluntary teams and organizations. The village has got a sports hall with Bjerkreimshallen. Good communications, which were built 30-40 years ago with E39 as the lifeblood through the village, have made it easier for the people in terms of work, education and leisure.
The municipality has chosen a place in the center of Bjerkreim as its millennium site. This is located at the exit to the school and the church, opposite the old Bjerkreim Varesenter. Now there is a fish shop there. There is a nice stone wall, paving stones, planted nicely and the place has benches to sit on.
In Bjerkreim, there are many different arenas available for sports activities, both organized and unorganized. Arenas for indoor sports are first and foremost Bjerkreimshallen. This is owned by the foundation Bjerkreimshallen, which is also responsible for any rental. Here you will also find the private fitness center Kraftverket. Vikeså Skule has a gymnasium and a swimming pool of 8 x 12.5 meters (see Public swimming). In Bjerkreim Samfunnshus there is an indoor shooting range owned by Bjerkreim Skytterlag.
Outdoor arenas are Vikeså Stadium (owned by Bjerkreim Idrettslag), with artificial turf, grass court, training field, athletics facility and roller ski track. At Bjerkreim Skule there is a ball binge and gravel court. Bjerkreim Skytterlag has a shooting range out on Vikesdal. Bjerkreim Jeger - og fiskeforening has a clay pigeon shooting range in Gjedremskogen.
Bjerkreim municipality is responsible for renting out gyms and swimming pools at Vikeså Skule. For use of the other areas, contact the individual team or association. See also Leisure - Teams and organizations to find out what kind of sports activities are available in the municipality. If anyone discovers irregularities or damage to the sports facilities, they are asked to contact Bjerkreim municipality, technical department.
七、其他信息
All municipalities in Norway, including Bjerkreim, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality has 2 primary schools and 2 kindergartens. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor. The municipality falls under the Dalane District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal. A notable local politician is Olaf Gjedrem, mayor from 1979 to 1993 and later a member of the national parliament.
八、联系方式
Town manager: Gauti Jóhannesson
Phone:51 20 11 00
Email:postmottak@bjerkreim.kommune.no
Address:Nesjane 1 4389 Vikeså