Hilversum 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-10-19

一、人口，面积，所属地区

Location in North Holland

Coordinates: 52°14′N 5°10′E

Country Netherlands

Province  North Holland

Town Hall Hilversum Town Hall

Area

 • Total 46.35 km2 (17.90 sq mi)

 • Land 45.62 km2 (17.61 sq mi)

 • Water 0.73 km2 (0.28 sq mi)

Elevation  15 m (49 ft)

Population (January 2019)

 • Total 90,261

 • Density 1,978/km2 (5,120/sq mi)

Demonym(s) Hilversummer (male), Hilversumse (female)

Time zone UTC+1 (CET)

 • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)

Postcode  1200–1223

Area code 035

Hilversum is a city and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the heart of the Gooi, it is the largest urban centre in that area. It is surrounded by heathland, woods, meadows, lakes, and smaller towns. Hilversum is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe.

Hilversum Town Hall

二、自然地理

Transport

Railway

Hilversum is well connected to the Dutch railway network, and has three stations.

Hilversum railway station

Public buses

Most local and regional buses are operated by Connexxion, but two of the bus routes are operated by Syntus Utrecht and two others by U-OV and Pouw Vervoer. Regional bus route 320 is operated by both Connexxion and Pouw Vervoer. In 2018, major road works started to make room for a new BRT bus lane from Hilversum to Huizen, set to open in early 2021.

三、经济发展和规模

Total » Total » A-U All economic activities - Hilversum - Electricity. delivered

221,814.00

1,000 kWh in 2018

Total » Total » A-U All economic activities - Hilversum - Natural gas, delivered

28,180.00

1,000 m3 in 2018

All companies - Hilversum

8,725.00

in 2011

四、产业特点/重点项目

MediaCity

Media Park as viewed from the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision

Broadcasting

Further information: Media Park (Hilversum)

Hilversum is often called "media city", since it is the principal centre for radio and television broadcasting in the Netherlands, and is home to an extensive complex of radio and television studios and to the administrative headquarters of the multiple broadcasting organizations which make up the Netherlands Public Broadcasting system. Hilversum is also home to many newer commercial TV production companies. Radio Netherlands, which has been broadcasting worldwide via shortwave radio since the 1920s, is also based here.

The following is a list of organizations that have, or are continuing to, broadcast from studios in Hilversum:

NCRV (1924–2013)              KRO (1925–2013)             VARA (1925–2013)

VPRO (1926–present)            AVRO (1927–2013)            RVU (1930–2010)

IKOR (1946–1975)               NRU (1947–1969)             RNW (1947–2012)

NTS (1951–1969)                IKON (1976–2015)            NOT (1962–1996)

Teleac (1963–2010)              TROS (1964–2013)            EO (1967–present)

NOS (1969–present)             VOO (1976–1995)             Human (1989–present)

NPS (1995–2010)               BNN (1997–2013)             MAX (2005–present)

PowNed (2009–present)         WNL (2009–present)           NTR (2010–present)

AVROTROS (2014–present)       BNNVARA (2014–present)    KRO-NCRV (2014–present)

One result of the town's history as an important radio transmission centre is that many older radio sets throughout Europe featured Hilversum as a pre-marked dial position on their tuning scales.

Dutch national voting in the Eurovision Song Contest is normally co-ordinated from Hilversum.

Media Park (Hilversum)

Media Park (Dutch pronunciation: [meːdiə pɑrk]) is a large business park in the Dutch city of Hilversum. This site is home to a number of Dutch broadcasters and media companies, and is the headquarters of the national public broadcasting system NPO.

Notable events

On 6 May 2002, right-wing politician Pim Fortuyn was assassinated after a radio interview with Ruud de Wild at 3FM.

On 29 January 2015, a 19-year-old man invaded the NOS building, carrying a fake pistol and taking a hostage; he claimed to be part of a hackers' collective, and demanded ten minutes of airtime on the 8pm edition of NOS Journaal; however, he was swiftly overpowered by police and arrested. As a result of this, the building was evacuated, and no 8pm news was broadcast that night.

Broadcasting companies

The broadcasting associations MAX, VARA and VPRO, which broadcast on public television channels such as Nederland 1 and also on public radio stations, are located on the Media Park site. The news and sports broadcaster NOS is also located on the site[5] but it is not technically a broadcasting association (cf. television in the Netherlands). Other broadcasting associations are located elsewhere in the city of Hilversum: TROS for example is located just south of Media Park on the Lage Naarderweg.

Non-public broadcasters such as RTL and the production companies Endemol and NEP The Netherlands also have studios and offices located on the Media Park site. The Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision is also situated on the site.

Transport

Media Park is served well by public transport and by the Dutch road network. The southern corner of the site is close to the Hilversum ring road, and the regional N524 road runs along the east side of the site, connecting it with the nearby towns of Naarden and Bussum, and southeast Amsterdam via the N236.

Hilversum Noord railway station is served by local Sprinter services between Hilversum, Amsterdam and Schiphol. A footbridge was constructed across the N524 (Mies Bouwmanboulevard) in 2011, directly linking the station and buildings on the Media Park.

Local and regional buses run through the Media Park site and bus stops are situated outside important offices such as those of the NOS.

International business

Hilversum is also home to many national and international companies. The head offices of Nike, Sonos, MediaMonks and Hunkemöller are all located here. Globally operating tech companies including NEP, United and Ericson have also chosen to base their businesses in Hilversum. The city is also home to several outstanding orchestras, including the Netherlands Radio Philharmonic Orchestra, the Netherlands Radio Chamber Philharmonic, the Netherlands Radio Choir and the Metropole Orchestra.

五、风景名胜，景点

The Netherlands Institute of Sound and Vision is one of Hilversums' most outstanding attractions. It looks breathtaking from the outside and inside houses the historical record of all Dutch TV and radio broadcasts.

The city centre of Hilversum also remarkable, especially its architecture. The city’s architect Willem Marinus Dudok made his mark on the town in the first half of the 20th century. One of the most prominent buildings, and well worth a visit, is the Town Hall.

For fun and shopping, look no further than the centre of Hilversum which offers large department stores, high-end boutiques and buzzing restaurants and cafés.

For nature lovers, the forests and heathlands surrounding Hilversum provide the perfect environment for long walks and bike rides. The landscape is very diverse, with beautiful lakes and nature reserves.

The city boasts a wide variety of hotels, restaurants and shops, sports clubs and cultural institutions.

六、历史文化

Earthenware found in Hilversum gives its name to the Hilversum culture, which is an early- to mid-Bronze Age, or 800–1200 BC material culture. Artifacts from this prehistoric civilization bear similarities to the Wessex Culture of southern Britain and may indicate that the first Hilversum residents emigrated from that area. The first brick settlements formed around 900, but it was not until 1305 that the first official mention of Hilversum ("Hilfersheem" from "Hilvertshem" meaning "houses between the hills") is found. At that point it was a part of Naarden, the oldest town in the Gooi area.

Interior of a farm near Hilversum, a 19th-century drawing by Johannes Bosboom

Farming, raising sheep and some wool manufacturing were the means of life for the Gooi in the Middle Ages. In 1424 Hilversum received its first official independent status. This made possible further growth in the village because permission from Naarden was no longer needed for new industrial development.

The town grew further in the 17th century when the Dutch economy as a whole entered its age of prosperity, and several canals were built connecting it indirectly to Amsterdam.

In 1725 and 1766 large fires destroyed most of the town, leveling parts of the old townhouse and the church next to it. The town overcame these setbacks and the textile industry continued to develop, among other ways by devising a way to weave cows' hair.

In the 19th century a substantial textile and tapestry industry emerged, aided by a railway link to Amsterdam in 1874. From that time the town grew quickly with rich commuters from Amsterdam moving in, building themselves large villas in the wooded surroundings, and gradually starting to live in Hilversum permanently. Despite this growth, Hilversum was never granted city rights so it is still referred to by many locals as "het dorp," or "the village."

For the 1928 Summer Olympics in neighboring Amsterdam, it hosted all of the non-jumping equestrian and the running part of the modern pentathlon event.

The Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek (NSF) company established a professional transmitter and radio factory in Hilversum in the early 1920s, growing into the largest of its kind in the Netherlands.

Following the defeat of Allied forces in the Netherlands in 1940, and its occupation by Nazi Germany, Hilversum became the headquarters of the German Army (Heer) in the Netherlands.[citation needed].

In 1948, NSF was taken over by Philips. However, Dutch radio broadcasting organizations (followed by television broadcasters during the 1950s) centralised their operations in Hilversum, providing a source of continuing economic growth. The concentration of broadcasters in Hilversum has given it its enduring status as the media city for the Netherlands.

In 1964, the population reached a record high – over 103,000 people called Hilversum home. However, the textile industry had started its decline; only one factory, Veneta, managed to continue into the 1960s, when it also had to close its doors. Another major industry, the chemical factory IFF, also closed by the end of the 1960s.

After the 1960s, the population gradually declined, until stabilising at around 85,000. Several factors other than the slump in manufacturing have featured in this decline: one is the fact that the average family nowadays consists of fewer people, so fewer people live in each house; second, the town is virtually unable to expand because all the surrounding lands were sold by city architect W.M. Dudok to the Goois Natuurreservaat (nl). The third reason for this decline of the population was because the property values were increasing rapidly in that moment of time, and many people were forced to move to less expensive areas in the Netherlands.

Some sources blame connections in the television world for attracting crime to Hilversum;[citation needed] the town has had to cope with mounting drug-related issues in a community with higher than average unemployment and ongoing housing shortage.

Hilversum was one of the first towns to have a local party of the populist movement called Leefbaar ("liveable"). Founded by former social-democrat party strongman Jan Nagel, it was initially held at bay for alderman positions. In 2001, Nagel from Leefbaar Hilversum teamed up with Leefbaar Utrecht leaders to found a national Leefbaar Nederland party. By strange coincidence, in 2002 the most vocal Leefbaar Rotterdam politician Pim Fortuyn was shot and killed by an animal rights activist at Hilversum Media Park just after finishing a radio interview. This happened, however, after a break between Fortuyn and Nagel during a Leefbaar Nederland board meeting in Hilversum on Fortuyn's anti-Islamic viewpoints.

The town of Hilversum has put a great deal of effort into improvements, including a recent renovation to its central train station, thorough renovation of the main shopping centre (Hilvertshof), and development of new dining and retail districts downtown including the "vintage" district in the Leeuwenstraat. Several notable architectural accomplishments include the Institute for Sound and Vision,[10] and Zanderij Crailoo (nl), the largest man-made wildlife crossing in the world.

The nearby Media Park was the scene of the 2002 assassination of politician Pim Fortuyn; in 2015, a gunman carrying a false pistol stormed into Nederlandse Omroep Stichting's headquarters, demanding airtime on the evening news.

The population declined from 103,000 in 1964 to 84,000 in 2006, but rose again to 90.000 in 2018. The decline is mostly due to the fact that families are smaller these days.

七、其他信息

Culture

The large Catholic neo-gothic St. Vitus church (P.J.H. Cuypers, 1892, bell tower 96 metres).

The city played host to many landscape artists during the 19th century, including Barend Cornelis Koekkoek.

In the 1950s and 1960s the city played host to a major European Tennis tournament.

The 1958 Eurovision Song Contest took place in Hilversum.

In 2020 the international television event Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light was broadcast from Studio 21 in Hilversum's Media Park. This event was held in place of the 2020 Eurovision Song Contest which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cycling

The philosophy behind cycling in the Netherlands can be summed up in two words: calm & assertive. Embody these two virtues and you'll get along just fine.

If you’re already living here, it won’t surprise you to hear that, in the Netherlands, there are more bicycles than people, by a large margin! With hundreds of kilometres of designated bike paths, you’ll find it not only enjoyable but also much easier to get around on two wheels.

When you’re ready to join the fun, there are many ways in which you can buy a bicycle, both online and in person. While new bikes are readily available, you could also do as the locals and find a solid used bike, also available at most bike shops. A good one will cost you about €150. But cheaper options can be found, via websites like www.marktplaats.nl (in Dutch) or on one of the Local Expat pages on Facebook.

You’ll find that most places selling bikes will fix them too. They’re called fietsenwinkels. No appointment is needed, and for minor repairs, same day service is usually possible.

There are some rules that as a cyclist you should know, but its also worth keeping in mind that not all Dutch cyclists follow the rules or traffic lights seriously enough, so always be alert. In the Netherlands no helmets are required. To keep everybody happy and safe, always signal where you’re turning by pointing the direction you are turning, or down if you’re slowing/stopping in an unexpected place. It is also good to remember that you have to yeald to the right in the Netherlands. You can find more helpful information about cycling in the Netherlands

八、联系方式

Mayor  Pieter Broertjes

Twitter: Pieter Broertjes (@pieterbroertjes)

City office: Oude Enghweg 23

Phone: 14 035

From abroad:  0031 35 629 20 00

Social Square: Wilhelminastraat 1 -19

Website: https://www.hilversum.nl/Home/English

WhatsApp, 06 13 85 29 53

Twitter @gemeentehsum

Facebook @HilversumMediastad

Instagram @hilversummediastad