Alkmaar 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-06-24
I.Population and Area
Coordinates: 52°38′N 4°45′E
Country Netherlands
Province North Holland
Area
• Total 31.20 km2 (12.05 sq mi)
• Land 29.26 km2 (11.30 sq mi)
• Water 1.94 km2 (0.75 sq mi)
Elevation 1 m (3 ft)
Population (January 2020)
• Total 109,444
• Density 3,710/km2 (9,600/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Alkmaarder
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode 1800–1831
Area code 072
Alkmaar is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination.
II.Natural Geography (environment and resources)
Transport
The A9 motorway runs from Amsterdam to Alkmaar, then continues on to Den Helder as the N9.
There are direct trains to Den Helder, Hoorn, Zaandam, Amsterdam, Utrecht, Ede, Arnhem, Nijmegen, 's-Hertogenbosch, Eindhoven, Maastricht and Haarlem. For exact details see Alkmaar railway station.
Alkmaar has two railway stations:
Alkmaar
Alkmaar Noord
The waterway Noordhollandsch Kanaal, which opened in 1824, runs through Alkmaar. As of 2017. it can be crossed (among other ways) using two of the five operating vlotbruggen, Koedijkervlotbrug and Rekervlotbrug.
Population centres
Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1398 3,800 —
1514 4,179 +0.08%
1622 12,417 +1.01%
1632 13,200 +0.61%
1660 13,650 +0.12%
1732 12,500 −0.12%
1795 7,514 −0.80%
Source: Lourens & Lucassen 1997, pp. 54–55
The municipality of Alkmaar historically consists of the following cities, towns, villages and districts: Alkmaar, Bergermeer, Daalmeer, De Hoef, De Horn, De Nollen, Het Rak, Huiswaard, Koedijk (southeastern part), Overdie, Oudorp and Omval. On 1 January 2015 the municipalities of Graft-De Rijp and Schermer were merged into Alkmaar. The historical village of De Rijp is thus since a part of Alkmaar.
These once separate villages are now all linked together by the suburban sprawl of buildings that arose between the late 1970s and early 1990s. During this time, the population of Alkmaar almost doubled.
III.Economy
Alkmaar - Economy » GDP (Million USD, Constant Prices, Constant PPP, Base Year 2015)
11,518.00 US dollar in 2018
Though Alkmaar GDP (million USD, constant prices, constant PPP, base year 2015) fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 2004 - 2018 period ending at 11,518 US dollar in 2018.
Alkmaar - Economy » GDP Per Capita (USD, Constant Prices, Constant PPP, Base Year 2015)
39,501.00 US dollar in 2018
Though Alkmaar GDP per capita (USD, constant prices, constant PPP, base year 2015) fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 2004 - 2018 period ending at 39,501 US dollar in 2018.
Alkmaar - Economy » Labour Productivity (GDP Per Worker in USD, Constant Prices, Constant PPP, Base Year 2015)
82,257.00 US dollar in 2018
Though Alkmaar labour productivity (GDP per worker in USD, constant prices, constant PPP, base year 2015) fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 2004 - 2018 period ending at 82,257 US dollar in 2018.
Alkmaar - Economy » GDP Per Capita in the Metropolitan Area as a Share of the National Value
73.90 % in 2017
Though Alkmaar GDP per capita in the metropolitan area as a share of the national value fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to decrease through 2003 - 2017 period ending at 73.9 % in 2017.
IV.Industrial Characterisitics
ABB
Migrating a Dutch waste-to-energy plant towards a future of stable control
An ABB control system migration at a waste-to-energy plant in the Netherlands will ensure state-of-the-art plant control for at least another 10–15 years.
Application: Distributed Power Generation
Capacity: 50 MW per machine
Technology: Waste-to-energy
Geographical location: Europe / Netherlands
Year of commissioning: 2016
HVC Group is a modern public waste services company located in the city of Alkmaar north of Amsterdam, where it operates the HVC Alkmaar plant. Alkmaar comprises four incineration lines that process about 660,000 metric tons of domestic and industrial waste from more than one million residents, mainly in northern Netherlands.
From this waste stream, the plant’s two steam turbines (50 MW per machine) produce electrical energy for more than 100,000 people and hot water for a district heating network in an industrial park and residential districts in the neighborhood.
ABB is migrating the existing components of the plant’s outdated Contronic E control system, as well as the turbine control system, into its Symphony Plus MR Series system.
After retrofitting the three combustion lines with Symphony Plus MR Series, ABB will upgrade the automation system of the remaining electrical and thermal facilities. The migration requires the shut-down of the entire plant, so the installation and commissioning will take place during only one week plant overhaul scheduled at the beginning of 2016.
HVC Group decided to install Symphony Plus MR Series to build the foundation of a consistent process control concept for HVC Alkmaar’s combustion lines, turbines and auxiliary equipment. The entire automation system can be handled from one control room, using one common operating system. The highly efficient engineering tool, S+ Engineering, will be used for system-wide configuration and maintenance tasks.
Reference: https://new.abb.com/power-generation/references/migrating-a-dutch-waste-to-energy-plant-towards-a-future-of-stable-control
V Main sights
Alkmaar has many medieval buildings that are still intact, most notably the tall tower of the Grote of Sint-Laurenskerk, where many people from Alkmaar hold their wedding ceremony. The other main attraction, especially in the summer months, is Alkmaar's cheese market at the Waagplein, one of the country's most popular tourist attractions. The cheese market traditionally takes place from the first Friday in April through the first Friday in September. Every Friday morning (10:00–12:30) the Waagplein is the backdrop for this traditional cheese market. After the old-fashioned way of the hand clap, traders and carriers will weigh the cheeses. It is one of only four traditional Dutch cheese markets still in existence. The traditional fare of this cheese market is those cheeses made in the local area, as opposed to the well-known brands of Dutch cheeses, including the Edam and Gouda cheeses. It is not actually possible to buy cheese at the market itself, which is really only a demonstration of how this merchants' market operated in times gone by. However, the demonstration, which takes place in front of the medieval weighing house, is surrounded by many specialized stalls where it is possible to buy all kinds of cheese (and non-cheese) related products. The Waag is also home to the local tourist office and a cheese museum. Alkmaar has 399 registered rijksmonuments, of which most are situated along the city's old canals.
Alkmaar has two large theatres and a big cinema (which was originally two cinemas). A red light district is situated at the Achterdam, and Alkmaar has a nightlife scene as well which takes place in the pubs in front of the cheesemarket. Every year, at the end of May Alkmaar hosts the four-day event Alkmaar Pride, which has a canal pride parade on Saturday.
Museums
Beatles Museum – dedicated to The Beatles, as John Lennon's first guitar was made in Alkmaar
Holland Cheese Museum – located in the historic weigh house
National Beer Museum "De Boom"
Op ArtMuseum
City Museum Alkmaar – for history of the city
City centre
Cheese market
VI History
The earliest mention of the name Alkmaar is in a 10th-century document. As the village grew into a town, it was granted city rights in 1254. The oldest part of Alkmaar lies on an ancient sand bank that afforded some protection from inundation during medieval times. Even so, it is only a couple of metres above the surrounding region, which consists of some of the oldest polders in existence. Older spellings include Alckmar.
Siege of Alkmaar
In 1573 the city underwent a siege by Spanish forces under the leadership of Don Fadrique, son of the Duke of Alva. The citizens sent urgent messages for help to the Prince of Orange; he responded by promising to open the floodgates of the dykes and flood the region if the need arose, which despite the protestations of the peasantry, fearful for their harvest, he proceeded to do.
Some of his dispatches fell into the hands of Don Fadrique, and, with the waters beginning to rise, the Spaniards raised the siege and fled. It was a turning point in the Eighty Years War and gave rise to the expression Bij Alkmaar begint de victorie ("Victory begins at Alkmaar"). The event is still celebrated every year in Alkmaar on 8 October, the day the siege ended.
Since the French Revolutionary Wars
In 1799, during the French Revolutionary Wars, an Anglo-Russian expeditionary force captured the city but was ultimately defeated in the Battle of Castricum. After that battle, on 18 October 1799, the two opposing sides held the Convention of Alkmaar which met to determine the fate of the defeated Anglo-Russian force. The French victory was commemorated on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris as "Alkmaer".
The North Holland Canal, opened in 1824, was dug through Alkmaar. In 1865 and 1867 the railways between Alkmaar and Den Helder and between Alkmaar and Haarlem were built respectively.
In the second half of the 20th century, Alkmaar expanded quickly with development of new neighbourhoods. On 1 October 1972, the town of Oudorp and the southern portions of Koedijk and Sint Pancras were added to the municipality of Alkmaar.
VII.Other information
Sports
Alkmaar is home to the professional football team AZ (Alkmaar Zaanstreek). In 2006, the club moved to a new 17,000 capacity stadium, the DSB Stadion, now named the AFAS Stadion. In 2008–2009, AZ won the Eredivisie, the Dutch football league. It was the second league title for the club after the Eredivisie in 1980/81 with only one league defeat.
The city also has a velodrome where the Dutch national track cycling championships are held every year. The city hosted the 2019 European Road Championships.
VIII.Contact information
Mayor Piet Bruinooge (CDA)
Telephone 14072
International number: 0031 72 548 8888
Postadres Gemeente Alkmaar
Postbus 53, 1800 BC Alkmaar
Kvk-nummer: 62255398
Visiting addresses
Municipal Office
Mallegatsplein 10, 1815 AG Alkmaar
Service points:
-- Alkmaar North
-- Graft
-- Schermerhorn
Facebook Gemeente Alkmaar @gemeenteAlkmaar
Twitter Gemeente Alkmaar @gemeentealkmaar