Leeuwarden 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-06-23
I.Population and Area
Country Netherlands
Province Friesland (Fryslân)
Area
• Municipality 255.62 km2 (98.70 sq mi)
• Land 238.38 km2 (92.04 sq mi)
• Water 17.24 km2 (6.66 sq mi)
Elevation 3.2 m (10.5 ft)
Highest elevation 5.2 m (17.1 ft)
Lowest elevation 1.9 m (6.2 ft)
Population (Municipality, January 2019; Urban and Metro, May 2014)
• Municipality 123,107
• Density 516/km2 (1,340/sq mi)
• Urban 108,254
• Metro 174,724
Demonym(s) Leeuwarder
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode 8900–8941
Area code 058
II. Geography
Leeuwarden is located centrally in Friesland. The military Leeuwarden Air Base lies northwest of the city. East of the city lies recreational area and nature reserve De Groene Ster. It contains the windmill Himriksmole, a golf course and AquaZoo Friesland.
Map of the city of Leeuwarden (2014)
Transport
The Leeuwarden railway station (opened on 27 October 1863) is the main railway station of Leeuwarden. It is a terminus station of the NS railway line from Zwolle. Regional trains, served by Arriva, operate to Groningen in the east, Harlingen in the west and Stavoren in the southwest. The other stations in the municipality are Leeuwarden Camminghaburen, and Grou-Jirnsum. A fourth station Leeuwarden Werpsterhoeke is planned to be opened after 2018.
Near the train station is the bus station. Arriva runs several city, regional and national buses. Route 66 Leeuwarden-Holwerd connects with the ferry to Ameland, bus route 50 to Lauwersoog connects with the departures of the ferry to Schiermonnikoog and route 350 via the Afsluitdijk connects to Alkmaar in North Holland.
The motorway A31 passes Leeuwarden and the A32 connects Leeuwarden to Meppel. The Van Harinxmakanaal is a major canal and connects Harlingen to Leeuwarden.
III. Economy
Though Leeuwarden GDP (million USD, constant prices, constant PPP, base year 2015) fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 2001 - 2015 period ending at 8,777 US dollar in 2015.
The description is composed by our digital data assistant.
Reference: https://knoema.com/search?query=Leeuwarden+gdp&pageIndex=&scope=&term=&correct=&source=Header
IV.Industrial Characterisitics
Among the 10 largest employers in Leeuwarden are Medical Center Leeuwarden (MCL), ING, The Central Judicial Collection Agency (CJIB), Achmea, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden Air Base and FrieslandCampina. WTC Expo is the largest events complex in the Northern Netherlands.
1, Medical Center Leeuwarden (MCL)
Location Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
Funding Government hospital
Type Teaching
Emergency department Yes
Beds 647
Helipad Yes
Opened 1982
The Medical Center Leeuwarden or MCL (Dutch: Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden) is the hospital of the city of Leeuwarden, and the largest non-university hospital in The Netherlands. It is one of the country's major top-clinical centers, offering secondary and tertiary care.
It has 647 beds, and offers all common specialties including pulmonology, cardiovascular surgery and neurosurgery. It is also a teaching hospital for numerous medical specialties, as well as nurses.
A secondary hospital affiliated with the MCL, called MCL-Harlingen, is located in the town of Harlingen. This hospital merged with the MCL because it was too small to prevent closure, unless it merged with another, larger hospital.
The Province of Fryslân and the municipality of Leeuwarden have been working together since 2015 to remotely operate various bridges in the municipality of Leeuwarden. With this we ensure a hospitable sailing route network. And we make the villages and the city more attractive to visit by water. In the coming years, 40 bridges will be tackled in the province to centrally control remote control, 11 of which from the municipality of Leeuwarden.
The bridge keeper no longer serves the bridges on location, but remotely from the provincial control center for bridges, the Swettehûs in Leeuwarden. This also abolishes breaks in operating times. The clog money had already been abolished in recent years. Some of the 11 bridges in Leeuwarden are already operated remotely. These bridges must also be made suitable for central remote control from the Swettehûs. The first bridges are expected to be operated from Swettehûs from 2020.
Bridges
The municipality wants to carry out the work to remotely operate the first cluster of bridges in parts prior to the sailing season of 2020. If we succeed, we will also carry out maintenance on the bridges at the same time. In this way we try to minimize nuisance and inconvenience.
It concerns the following bridges:
Cluster 1: Tutsebrêge, Gallebrêge, Palmabrêge and bridge Main Street Warten
Cluster 2: Greydanusbrêge, Oxenabrids, Pylkwiersterbrêge and Greunsbrug
Cluster 3: from Harinxma bridges, east and west
Cluster 4: Slauerhoff Bridge
In addition to the municipal bridges, the Province of Fryslân will also prepare to connect the Rogsloot (Warten) bridge at the same time as the cluster 1 bridges.
Reference: https://www.leeuwarden.nl/nl/projecten-wij-werken-aan
2, Achmea logo.svg
Type Naamloze vennootschap
Industry Financial services
Founded January 1, 1995 (merger)
Headquarters Zeist, Netherlands
Products Insurance
Website www.achmea.nl
Achmea Holding N.V. is one of the largest suppliers of financial services (mainly insurance) in the Netherlands. The company was formed by a merger of Zilveren Kruis and Avéro Centraal Beheer Groep on January 1, 1995. The roots of Achmea date back to 1811 when the Frisian accountant, Ulbe Piers Draisma , founded the "Onderlinge Brand Assurantie Sociëteit (Achlum)" in Achlum, Frisia, the Netherlands.
In 2000 Achmea became a part of Eureko BV, which in 2011 merged with the Dutch parent company Achmea N.V. to form Achmea B.V. The Vereniging Achmea (association) owns or controls 63.3% of Achmea B.V. of its votes, the Dutch bank Rabobank owns or controls 31.3% of the shares, the other 5.4% of the shares are owned or controlled by strategic partners.
Achmea brands include Agis, Avéro, Centraal Beheer, FBTO, Interpolis, Syntrus and Zilveren Kruis (often suffixed by 'Achmea').
Of the ten largest insurance companies in the Netherlands, Achmea is one of the two that was found in a 2015 investigation to not invest in arms trade to dictatorships, fragile states and corrupt countries (ASR being the other one).
V.Attractions
Museums
Museums in the city of Leeuwarden:
Fries Museum. An art, culture and history museum. The building (2013) was designed by Hubert-Jan Henket.
Fries Verzetsmuseum, a museum that documents the impact of World War II on Friesland.
The museum is part of the Fries Museum.
Princessehof Ceramics Museum, a ceramics museum.
Pier Pander Museum, an art museum dedicated to the works of sculptor Pier Pander.
Natuurmuseum Fryslân, a natural history museum.
The Other Museum. Collections: old-timers, model trains, lace and photography, radio and Meccano.
Tresoar, a historical center and museum with archives about Friesland.
Fries Landbouwmuseum, an agricultural museum.
Architecture
There are over 800 Rijksmonuments (national heritage sites) in the municipality of Leeuwarden. The Oldehove, a leaning unfinished church tower, is a symbol of the city. Other well-known buildings in the city center include the Kanselarij (former chancellery), the Stadhouderlijk Hof (former residence of the stadtholders of Friesland), the city hall (1715), the Waag (old weigh house), the Saint Boniface church (an important part of the neogothic movement) and the Centraal Apotheek, a pharmacy in the Art Nouveau style. The Blokhuispoort is a former prison and is transformed into a public library, hostel and restaurant.
The Froskepôlemolen (built in 1896), is the last surviving windmill to have stood in Leeuwarden. The remains of the Cammingha-Buurstermolen were demolished in 2000. The Slauerhoffbrug is a fully automatic bascule bridge named after the poet Jan Jacob Slauerhoff. It uses two arms to swing a section of road in and out of place within the road itself. This movable bridge is also known as the 'Flying' Drawbridge.
The tallest building in the city is the 114-metre (374 ft) Achmeatoren (Achmea insurance tower), built in 2001 and designed by Abe Bonnema – who also designed the second-tallest building, Averotoren at 77 m (253 ft).
Oldehove
City hall
Centraal Apotheek
Leeuwarden canal Kelders
VI. History
The oldest remains of houses date back to the 2nd century AD in the Roman era and were discovered during an excavation near the Oldehove. Inhabited continuously since the 10th century, the city's first reference as a population center is in German sources from 1285, and records exist of city privileges granted in 1435. Situated along the Middelzee, it was an active center of maritime trade. The waterway silted-up in the 13th century.
The Grote of Jacobijnerkerk (English: Great, or Jacobin Church) is the oldest building in the city. The 15th century was the period of the two opposing Frisian factional parties Vetkopers and Schieringers. The bastions and a moat were built in the period 1481–1494. In 1747 William IV, Prince of Orange was the last stadtholder residing in the Stadhouderlijk Hof. In the first half of the 19th century the fortifications were demolished.
The Jewish community of Leeuwarden was one of the earliest in the Netherlands aside from Amsterdam, and was first mentioned in 1645. By 1670, the city council granted a man referred to as "Jacob the Jew" (in Dutch) permission to build a Jewish cemetery, meaning that there were enough Jews living there to require a cemetery and other communal institutions. Land for 'The Jodenkerkhof' (Jews' cemetery) was purchased in 1679, near the Oldehove tower.
The first synagogue in the city was built in the 17th century as well, and was also used by the city's Catholics who were not allowed to build a house of worship of their own because of the Protestant city authorities. The Jewish community enjoyed generally good relations with authorities in the 18th century and continued to expand throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, reaching a peak population of 1,236 in 1860.
After occupation by German forces (1940-1945), the Royal Canadian Dragoons disobeyed direct orders on 15 April 1945 and charged into the heavily defended city, driving out German forces by the end of the next day. The anniversary of the liberation is celebrated by the Dragoons and the city, who fly each other's flags on the day.
Kneppelfreed (English: Baton Friday) was an incident on 16 November 1951 in front of the courthouse at Wilhelminaplein (Wilhelmina Square), when the police used batons against Frisian language activists during a protest against the exclusive use of Dutch in the courts. A committee of inquiry recommended that the Frisian language should receive legal status as a minority language.
On 19 October 2013, a fire broke out in a clothes shop on a busy pedestrian street. The fire started late in the afternoon and burned through the night, destroying five shops and eleven flats. The only casualty was a 24-year-old man who was living in one of the flats.[16] The birthplace of Mata Hari was at first thought to be destroyed, but survived, albeit with considerable smoke and water damage.
VII.Other information
Cultural events and festivals
On 6 September 2013 Leeuwarden was voted European Capital of Culture for the year 2018. Many events were organised throughout the year. The largest art project was the 11Fountains, fountains in the Frisian eleven cities. The Love Fountain, located in front of the train station, was designed by artist Jaume Plensa. The fountain is seven metres high and consists of two white heads of a boy and a girl, their eyes closed and dreaming.
Annual music festivals are Cityrock, Dancetour, Welcome To The Village, Into the Grave, Explore the North and Fries straatfestival. Other festivals are Noordelijk Film Festival (an event for film makers), photofestival Noorderlicht and the Media Art festival. Other events are Racing Expo and a large flower market (held on Ascension Day). There is also a weekly cattle market.
Cycling street Leeuwarden - Heerenveen
We have started preparing a bicycle route from Leeuwarden to Heerenveen. This involves broadening the existing bicycle path to a bicycle path of four meters wide asphalt. Where that is not possible, we try to make the path as comfortable as possible for cyclists.
The project is divided into several phases. Phase 1 runs from De Werpsterhoek to the Oude Schouw bridge. A part is already finished:
The first part of the widened cycle path from the Trije Romers near Reduzum to the Weiwiskedyk in Wytgaard was constructed at the end of 2019.
The section Weidumerdyk to the Jaring Waltastrjitte Wytgaard and the cycle path from the Weiwiskedyk to the village center of Wytgaard was completed in the spring of 2020.
After the summer of 2020, we will start with the construction of the part of the cycle-through route through the built-up area of Wytgaard.
We want to have the entire cycling route from Werpsterhoek to Oude Schouw bridge ready by 2022.
Reference: https://www.leeuwarden.nl/nl/projecten-wij-werken-aan
VIII.Contact information
Mayor of Leeuwarden
Sybrand van Haersma Buma is a Dutch politician serving as Mayor of Leeuwarden since 2019. Until 2019, he was a member of the House of Representatives from 2002 who also served as the parliamentary leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal from 2010 and as the leader of his party from 2012.
Twitter Sybrand Buma @sybrandbuma
Telephone 14 058
Whatsapp 06 - 4336 5223
City Hall Oldehoofsterkerkhof 2 , 8911 DH Leeuwarden
Twitter Gemeente Leeuwarden @Gemeente_Lwd
Facebook Gemeente Leeuwarden @gemeenteleeuwarden
Website: https://www.leeuwarden.nl/nl