Lieksa 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-10-16
一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积
Lieksa is a Finnish city located on the shores of Lake Pielinen in the province of North Karelia. The city has a population of 10,845 people and an area of 4,067.71 km 2, of which 649.82 km 2 are water bodies. The population density is 3.17 inhabitants / km 2. The town is an archipelago in accordance with the law archipelago fraternity. Lieksa is the city furthest from the sea in the Fennoscandian region. The name Lieksa is of Sámi origin; the corresponding word in modern northern Sámi is leakša ‘swampy valley’.
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieksa
二、自然地理
1.地理条件
The neighboring municipalities of Lieksa are Ilomantsi, Joensuu, Juuka, Kontiolahti, Kuhmo and Nurmes. In the northeast, Lieksa is bordered by Russia. In winter, the Koli ice road runs between Koli and Vuonislahti, which is the longest general ice road in Finland and the longest inland ice road in all of Europe.
Lieksa has a subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc) with more continental characteristics than most of Scandinavia, making it prone to extreme temperatures, especially in winter. In summer temperatures regularly exceed 20.0 °C (68.0 °F), and the highest temperature ever recorded was 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) in July 1934. Also, during the Heatwave of 2010, the temperature in Lieksa reached 35.4 °C (95.7 °F) degrees. In winter, the snow cover is usually around 60 cm deep. On a typical winter night, the temperature drops to around −15.0 °C (5.0 °F) and readings as low as −30.0 °C (−22.0 °F) are not unusual. The coldest temperature ever observed in Lieksa was −47.0 °C (−52.6 °F) in December 1919.
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieksa
2.交通情况
Lieksa is 90 km from the nearest major city Joensuu, and you can drive there in a little over an hour, Lieksa is connected to Joensuu by local train and bus.
The centre of Lieksa is compact, but many of the attractions listed here are off the beaten track and only accessible by car. Google Maps offers route planner which includes sparse long distance buses which can be used for local trips also, and Matka.fi route planner includes also some of them.
Lieksa is also accessible from Koli via ferry service. The car ferry M/F Pielinen makes the 1¾-hour trip from Lieksa to Koli twice daily, departing from Lieksa at 10am and 3pm, and departing from Koli at noon and 5pm. Book ahead by phone as space is limited.
https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lieksa
三、经济发展和规模
In 2014, in the income distribution comparison conducted by Statistics Finland, Lieksa was the third poorest municipality in Finland. Lieksa has a 21% tax rate as of 2020.
The city was hit hard by the recession of the early 1990s, which led to widespread unemployment. There is some engineering industry in the city. The budget surplus for 2018, following the budgetary changes in the second interim report, is 2.3 million euros. The operating margin of the budget is EUR -70.9 million. In connection with the interim reports, budget changes have reduced the operating margin to less than EUR 100 thousand, ie as a whole, activities have been kept well within budget.
During the autumn, the Association of Finnish Municipalities has produced several tax revenue forecasts, the most recent of which, according to Lieksa the city’s tax revenue would appear to be as low as € 1.7 million below the budgeted revenue estimate. In the second interim report, the revenue estimate was reduced by 1.24 million in line with the current forecast euros. The annual margin of the amended budget is EUR 5.9 million.
Only about half of the city's budgeted net investments (EUR 5.06 million) will be realized. Part of the investments will be carried over to the coming years and some of them have been implemented more cheaply than estimated. The repair of the Partalan Hill's service home, for which EUR 780,000 had been set aside, will not be made at all because the council has decided to sell the property.
At its August meeting, the City Council decided to sell the Partalanmäki service home and the Toukolan-road operations center properties to Attendo Oy. The deal will help the city avoid millions of euros expense from renovations to real estate in the coming years, and to reduce the real estate risk associated with. In particular, rising costs of social and health services and declining tax revenues and government contributions population decline, as well as significant investments in 2019-2021 will weaken the city economic development. The budget surplus for 2019 is budgeted at EUR 2.4 million. Directional however, the surplus will shrink to almost zero over the years. The city’s loan portfolio has been declining every year since 2014, and no new loans have been taken as a promise for the year. At the end of 2018, the city's loan portfolio is EUR 8.2 million, approximately EUR 740 per capita. However, the loan portfolio will have to be increased again in 2019-2021.
In Lieksa, unemployment has fallen to a record low of 14.2 per cent at the end of October 2018.Unemployment figures below 15 percent were last recorded in 2011. The city had October 2018 at the end of 640 unemployed jobseekers.
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieksa
The City of Lieksa 2019. 2019 Economic Report. https://www.lieksa.fi/talousarvio
四、产业特点/重点项目
Lieksa is also known for its magnificent nature and forests. Tourism is a significant industry in Lieksa - we have Koli and Ruunaa and several dozen companies in the tourism industry. The city also has strong wood processing companies. The city's largest private employer is Pankaboard Oy, whose 180 employees manufacture special boards for the world market. Green Fuel Nordic Lieksa Oy, which belongs to the forest sector, is preparing to build a biorefinery. A strong forest operator is also Binderholz Nordic Oy, an Austrian family company that bought Vapo's sawmills in Lieksa and Nurmes in 2016 and is now strongly developing its operations.
In addition to wood, the food industry is a significant and growing employer in Lieksa. Companies in the field specialize - for example, Porokylän Leipomo Oy and Perhekokki are known for their gluten-free delicacies. Lieksan Laatuherkut Oy, on the other hand, is known for its high-quality and customized specialty foods, such as spice butter, processed cheeses, pashas and root purees. All these products of the food companies operating in Lieksa are eaten all over the country - not the food made by the mothers, but cooked and baked by the people of Lieksa!
The city of Lieksa also has a business district with representatives of various companies and associations. The business district meets regularly. On the city side, the representatives in the business district are the mayor, the director of vitality and a representative of the city government.
https://www.lieksa.fi/web/guest/tyo-ja-yrittajyys
五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)
1. Patvinsuo National Park
Patvinsuo National Park is a national park established in 1982, located in the Lieksa and Ilomantsi areas, north of Koitere. Patvinsuo covers an area of 105 square kilometers, and it is the largest national park in southern Finland and a significant area for the protection and research of salt marshes. It is also part of the North Karelia Biosphere Reserve. There are 80 kilometers of marked trails in the area. The national park is located in the transition zone of both southern and northern bog and forest types. The bogs are distinctive. The Nälmänjoki River flows in the middle of the park. The forests are old. The park also has two lakes, the larger Suomunjärvi and the smaller Iso Hietajärvi. The park's information center is on the shores of Lake Suomunjärvi. Patvinsuo National Park is also a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. There are nine square kilometers of water in the park.
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patvinsuon_kansallispuisto
2. PikkuKili Animal Park
At this park you can get to know several animal species, from the smallest guinea pigs to handsome emus or even exotic llamas. The domestic birds swim in the yard ponds of the area, e.g. geese and, in many summers, artificial ponds have provided a home and a peaceful nesting place for many wild birds, e.g. black cucumber whip. In summer, up to 250 animals are on display.
The area of about 11 hectares can also be reached by wheelchair or even by bus. The area has a good beach, and cozy huts where you can eat your own snacks.There is also a kiosk in the area, with a large terrace where you can enjoy handmade donuts and admire stunning dangerous landscapes. The more daring can climb to see the scenery from the 22 m high observation tower, which opens up stunning scenery towards Koli and even towards the Russian border!
https://www.pikkukili.net/
3. St. Peter’s Church and Eva Ryynänen’s Studio
Paater Church is a church designed by sculptor Eva Ryynänen (1915 - 2001) in the village of Vuonislahti, Lieksa, about 27 kilometers from the center of Lieksa. The wooden church is Eva Ryynänen's largest work, and it was completed in the summer of 1991. During the summer, the church holds worship services, weddings, baptisms, funerals, concerts and other events.
The courtyard also has Eva Ryynänen's artist's home. Paateri, located in a scenic location, is Eva Ryynänen's home farm, where she cultivated the land with her husband Paavo Ryynänen before becoming a full-time sculptor in the 1970s.
Paateri is one of Lieksa's most popular tourist destinations and administratively part of the Pielinen Museum. After Ryynste's death, Paateri passed on as a testamentary donation to the city of Lieksa. Eva and Paavo Ryynänen's artist's home, studio, Paateri Church and the gallery café next to the car park, which displays Ryynänen's wooden sculptures, are open during the summer months (15.5.-15.9.).
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Ryyn%C3%A4nen
六、历史文化
1.历史
The Iron Age objects in the Lieksa region are represented by a pin-decorated bronze buckle found in Kelva (circa 800, original in the National Museum). The Peace of Pähkinäsaari in 1323 divided Karelia between Sweden and Novgorod, after which the Pielinen region fell into the Novgorod administrative district in peace. During the Novgorod rule, a permanent Karelian settlement was established in the area. The settlers moved south to Karelia to their familiar wilderness. The first villages of Lake Pielisjärvi (eg Lieksa and Viensuu) existed at the end of the 15th century. In full peace, Lake Pielisjärvi remained under Moscow's rule, but Stolbova's peacein 1617 it connected Lake Pielisjärvi to Sweden, when it became part of Käkisalmi County . In Lieksa, in the 16th century, the Karelian leader Luka Räsäinen, who took part in the battles between the Russians and the Swedes. Savolais became birch burners in the 17th century in the Pielisjärvi area.
The Lieksa region was already an important trading place in the Middle Ages. In the middle of the 17th century, Lake Pielisjärvi became part of the large Free Duchy of Kajaani. Count Peter Brahe, of whom the province was a county, founded the town of Brahea at the mouth of the Lieksanjoki River in 1653 to support the trade of Viena. During the Rupult War, a fortress, or Skanssi, was built from logs to defend the city. It measured 71 × 53 meters. The fort was built of logs, and had a round tower at every corner and two gates. There was a tavern inside the fortress.
The town area housed, among other things, the town hall, the Orthodox tsasouna, the bourgeois dwelling houses and the Lutheran church completed in 1667 on the site of the present church. There was a school in the town of Brahea from 1663. Brahe was abolished as early as 1681, just a year after Count Brahe's death. The Pielisjärvi area was annexed to the Free Duchy of Kajaani, whose order by Governor Hindrich Piper destroyed the city of Brahea. The town was finally destroyed by Salomon Ehnberg, who leased the Pielisjärvi parish from the crown in 1685: the town houses were demolished and the area plowed into a field. The theme of the present coat of arms of the city of Lieksa dates from the seal of the city of Brahea in 1669.
Lake Pielisjärvi was given in 1685 for a tax lease to Salomon Ehnberg, who quite soon entrusted tax collection to Simon Affleck. Affleck survived in folk tales as Simo Hurtta. The time of tax tenants always lasted until years of great hatred, during which power was changed for some years to the Russians. In the post-Great War period, tax tenants no longer received a firm grip on the people of Pielisjärvi.
At the end of the 17th century, Pielisjärvi also suffered from catastrophic years and the hunger caused by them. They aroused unrest against the authorities, and the people of Pielisjärvi rose up several times against Simon Affleck, who they hated in particular.
From the time after the Great War, the years of the Finnish War in Pielisjärvi were influenced by two pastors, Jakob Stenius Sr. (Korpi-Jaakko) (1704–1766) and Jakob Stenius Jr. (Koski-Jaakko) (1732–1809).
Gradually, the center of the Pielisjärvi area, Lieksa, grew into the center of the whole parish, and Lieksa was formed into a densely populated community in 1900. The area got its wealth from wood and was known as the center of the logs. Lieksan Sähkö Oy was founded in September 1918 and since the company did not yet have its own electricity production, it was decided to build its own power plant, for which a plot of land was leased from Hovila's owner along the Lieksanjoki river in the area between the church park railway. Electrical energy was obtained from a generator of less than 40 kW installed behind a wood-fired steam turbine. The boiler and generator were used but in “good condition”. In the spring and winter of 1919, the Lieksa homes that joined the network began to receive electric light as the oil lamps moved into the corners of the closets. In November 1919, the company was entered in the Trade Register. The Pankakoski power plant was completed and commissioned in April 1912.
The current Lieksa was born when the township of Lieksa and the municipality of Pielisjärvi merged in 1973. At the same time, Lieksa was transformed into a city. It was for a long time the largest city in Finland.
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieksa
2. 文化体育
Lieksa is a living city of culture. Lieksa Brass Week, which has been held since 1980, offers music lovers high-quality brass music and entertaining concerts. The Pielinen Soi Music Festival has expanded into a year-round event with concerts held in various parts of Pielinen. Monola's barn - Jean and Aino Sibelius' honeymoon destination - opened renovated in the summer of 2017.
https://www.visitkarelia.fi/fi/Kohteet/Lieksa
七、其他信息
Lieksa Brass Week is Lieksa’s brass fan festival which is held annually. The event was held for the first time in July 1980 . In connection with Brass Week, an international brass instrument competition with a changing theme instrument is held annually. The artistic director of Lieksa Brass Week is the international trumpet artist Jouko Harjanne. The biggest sponsor of the event is the city of Lieksa.
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieksa
八、联系方式
Mayor: Määttänen Jarkko
Phone +358 40 1044 000
Email: kirjaamo@lieksa.fi
https://www.lieksa.fi/