Kouvola 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-10-15

一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积

Kouvola is a city and municipality in southeastern Finland. It is located on the Kymijoki River in the region of Kymenlaakso and 134 kilometres (83 mi) northeast of the capital, Helsinki. With Kotka, Kouvola is one of the capital centers and is the largest city in the Kymenlaakso region. The city has a population of 81,778 (31 July 2020) and covers an area of 2,883.30 square kilometres (1,113.25 sq mi) of which 325.06 km2 (125.51 sq mi) is water. The population density is 31.97 inhabitants per square kilometre (82.8/sq mi).

Kouvola is bordered by the municipalities of Hamina, Heinola, Iitti, Kotka, Lapinjärvi, Loviisa, Luumäki, Miehikkälä, Mäntyharju, Pyhtää and Savitaipale. Kouvola have been often deemed “the most useless” or “the ugliest” city in Finland.

二、自然地理

1.地理条件

With the 2009 amalgamation of municipalities, the Kouvola area covers a large area in Pohjois-Kymenlaakso. The first Salpausselkä divides the area into a rich lake and wooded north and a small lake, a more even and more cultivated southern part. In the landscape landscape division of Finland, the northern parts of the city belong to the lake region of eastern Lake Finland, southwestern Savo and the southern parts to the southern and southeastern agricultural area of the southern shore.

Most of the city's area belongs to the Kymijoki watershed. The Kymijoki river flows in the city area from Pyhäjärvi downstream to the beginning of the western branch, ie Hirvikoskenhaara. The southeastern parts of the city belong to the Summanjoki watershed. In addition, small areas in the south-east belong to the Vehkajoki and Virojoki rivers and in the west to the Taasianjoki rivers. The largest lake is Lake Vuohijärvi in the northern part, through which the waters of the Mäntyharju route flow into the Kymijoki. Between the first and second Salpausselä, the Valkeala route flows in its western part in the city area.

2.交通情况

Kouvola can be reached by rail in four directions: 1) via Lahti to Helsinki and Riihimäki, 2) to Kotka, 3) to Mikkeli and from there to Pieksämäki (Savo line) and 4) to Luumäki, from where the line branches through Lappeenranta to Joensuu (Karelia line) and Vainikkala border station To Russia. The proximity of Russia in particular has a major impact on train traffic in Kouvola. In the city yard you can see a lot of Russian oil wagons.

The train journey from Kouvola to the center of Helsinki takes an hour and 16 minutes at its fastest. The train journey between Oulu and Kouvola takes a maximum of 6 hours and 54 minutes via Riihimäki and the same via Kuopio. The journey to Vyborg is 1 hour and 11 minutes. St. Petersburg is 2 hours and 20 minutes away.

Highways 6 (Koskenkylä – Kouvola – Lappeenranta – Joensuu – Kajaani) and 15 (Kotka – Kouvola – Mikkeli) also pass through Kouvola. In addition, highway 12 (Rauma – Tampere – Lahti – Kouvola) ends there. Highway 6 once passed through the city center, but in 1978 a bypass bypassing the city center north was completed.

On a fast bus service, the 138-kilometer journey from Kouvola to the center of Helsinki takes 2 hours and 10 minutes at its fastest. The fast bus journey of 214 kilometers from Kouvola via Heinola to Jyväskylä takes a maximum of 3 hours and 15 minutes. By train The journey between Kouvola and Jyväskylä via Pieksämäki takes a maximum of 2 hours and 31 minutes.

The number of long-distance night shifts in Kouvola is small. At night, public long-distance connections from Kouvola can only be reached via Lappeenranta to Imatra by standard bus.

The need for public transport within the city is low, especially during the warm season, as the city is small and has the character of a "railway city". Kouvola's local traffic is handled by buses and there are 19 lines, there is a bus about every hour.

The nearest airport to Kouvola, which offers passenger traffic, is about 85 kilometers away in Lappeenranta. Helsinki-Vantaa Airport is about 130 kilometers away. The military area is home to Uti Airport, which is used for military purposes, as well as Savero, Selänpää and Ummeljoki Airports.

三、经济发展和规模

Kouvola is the transport, commercial, administrative, legal and educational center of its urban area. The people of Kouvola get their livelihood mainly from service professions and the city's job self-sufficiency is 121% .source? Stockmann had a department store in Kouvola from 1976 to 1982. In the 21st century, a major financial project in Kouvola has been the development of a logistics center. To the east of the city center, the Kouvola RRT railway and road terminal is being built in Kullasvaara, which is expected to be completed in 2023. An extensive logistics and business area is planned around it. Kouvola aims to make Kouvola the "leading railway expertise and business center on the border between the European Union and Russia".

Of the Finnish municipalities, Kouvola has the third largest number of summer cottages, a total of 7,150 at the beginning of 2009. [28] Kouvola's service structure is as follows:

Primary production 1.2%

Industry 21.8%

Trade 13.0%

Traffic 11.1%

Business services 13.6%

Public and other services 34.9%

Industry unknown 1.3%

The industry structure of jobs is as follows:

Primary employment 0.8%

Processing 21.1%

Services 77.1%

Unknown 1.1%

The current Kouvola has had financial problems almost throughout its existence. Economic problems have led to cuts in services, especially in rural areas. In November 2018, a new school network was created, in which Kouvola's current network of 34 schools will be reduced, leaving 17 schools in the city. In 2019, e.g. network of sports venues and will also be significantly shut down.

Residents living outside the Kouvola downtown area have condemned the city of Kouvola for concentrating most of the city's services in the city center and cutting down on services outside the city center, especially in rural areas.

四、产业特点/重点项目

"The circular economy is like a force of nature that has come to stay. The climate report and the shrinking biodiversity speak their harsh language. Whereas previously environmental issues have only been considered one by one, the circular economy is now a necessity," says Development Manager Mika Penttil.

"Activities related to the circular economy are changing and evolving rapidly. Materials and related solutions that have not yet been the basis for productive activities may well be in the future. Cooperation, symbiosis, will also provide a basis for profitable activities in the future."

We at Kinno promote the implementation of circular economy procurement. We want to increase know-how on circular procurement, identify administrative and regulatory barriers to circular procurement, dispel subscribers' preconceived notions about recycled and recycled materials and facilitate market dialogue between subscribers and suppliers. Cost savings for companies and new business potential are generated from the by-products of production raw materials. We aim to get more companies and investments in the utility area of the utility stream. Utility power is the circular economy center of the future.

Kouvola-based athletes and sports teams have been successful in several sports. In recent years, clubs in Kouvola have been particularly successful in basketball, football and American football. The pride of Kymenlaakso KPL has also reached the brightest top of Superpesis. Hockey is also one of the enduring favorites in Kouvola, represented by KooKoo.

Lumo Arena (Kouvola Ice Rink) The center of Kouvola has one of the largest arena ice rinks in Finland. Kouvola's central sports field has served as a venue for even large athletics competitions. In addition to these, Kouvola has numerous sports fields, several sports halls, a football field that complies with UEFA regulations, 4 ice rinks and 4 swimming pools. The Palomäki chewing track is located near the center. The Kouvola racetrack and the Tykkimäki motorway are located near Ravikylä. In addition, the Kouvola jumping hills are located next to the fire department.

https://kinno.fi/en/hyotyvirta-business-area/

五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)

1. Kouvola Central Church

Kouvola Central Church is a church in Kouvola. The church was designed by Jaakko and Kaarina Laapotti Architects and was completed in 1977 and consecrated in 1978. The building belongs to the Kouvola parish of the Kouvola parish. Kouvola Central Church represents modern architecture that shows the structural parts of the building. The main structure is made up of steel trusses. Aluminum and steel have been used as the façade materials. The church has a separate steel bell tower.

The church hall is a freely furnished rectangular hall. White brick has been used indoors and reinforced concrete elements on the roof. The hall has 800 seats. The back wall of the altar has a metal composition by Jaakko Laapot, which is placed in the structural grid of the wall. The metal composition has red symbols on a white background and symbolizes Jesus and his apostles. After the completion of the central church, the Kouvola parish handed over its former main church, the Church of the Holy Cross, to the Hamina Orthodox parish.

2.Valkeala Church

Valkeala Church is a church in Kouvola in the church village of the former Valkeala municipality. The church was designed by Armas Lindgren and Bertel Liljeqvist and was consecrated in 1927. The building belongs to the premises of the Valkeala parish of the Kouvola parish. The current church in Valkeala is the fourth in a row. All churches are located on the same church grounds. The first church in Valkeala was completed in 1631 and the second church in 1674. The third church was consecrated in 1798 and burned down in November 1920.

Valkeala Church is a plastered tower brick church that represents the style of the long church. Indoors, there are decorative paintings on biblical themes by Antti Salmenlinna and a bellows group by Gunnar Finnen in the beam bar. A crucifix is placed between the church hall and the shell. The altarpiece is "The Crucifixion" painted by A. G. Thitz from 1819. The altarpiece had already been painted on the previous church in Valkeala, but had been removed from it as ugly and aggravating, and was therefore spared the fire of the previous church. The organ is a 33-voice production made by the Kangasala organ factory in 1977. The octagonal wooden belfry of Valkeala Church dates from 1782. The belfry is located near the church, but bells are still ringed from the church tower. Tapulin was designed by Juhana Salonen, who was also the designer of the previous church in Valkeala.

3. Elimäki Church

Elimäki Church is a wooden church in Kouvola in the church village of the former Elimäki municipality. The building belongs to the premises of the Koimola parish association Elimäki parish. Petter Loman is considered to be the church builder.

The Elimäki area belonged to the Pyhtää parish. Patronage was established for the Wrede family in 1608 when they acquired ownership of the manor. The church was originally built in 1638 in a rectangular shape, but expanded into a cruciform church in 1678. Elimäki Church is the oldest wooden church in Finland, if the traditional year of construction is correct.

The church bell tower is located opposite the church on the other side of Vanhamaantie. The bell tower was built between 1795 and 1797 and repaired in 1842. The Baroque style tower was designed by Aatami Juhonpoika Marttila. The stone wall of the church was built at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The World War II heroes' grave area and the monument to Farewell to the Brother-in-Law were designed by Aimo Tukiainen. The baptismal font with its pedestals was donated by Olli Uotila in 1967.

六、历史文化

1.历史

The village of Kouvola has been inhabited since the Middle Ages, and it has belonged alternately to the churches of Hollola, Iitti and Valkeala. However, the actual development did not start until the 1870s when the Riihimäki–Saint Petersburg line was built and Kouvola became a railway junction. Kouvola railroad built Kymin mill founder Axel Wilhelm Wahren railway administration by on application, on the basis of the track engineers decided to recommend the creation of a fifth-end position in a half mile east of the variable alert Otava with acceptance on sandy soil on fabric. In the next decade, Savo was built from Kouvola to the north and Kotka line south of Kouvola, resulting in Kouvola becoming one of the busiest railway junctions in Finland.

In 1918, conflict between the Red and White factions raged heavily during the Finnish Civil War. More than 200 people were killed in the area during the fighting. As a result of the railway, Kouvola was heavily built. In 1922 it was separated from the municipality of Valkeala and gained commercial rights immediately the following year. The city of Kouvola was established in 1960.

Kouvola was annexed to Vyborg Province in 1922-1945 but in 1940 and 1944, most of Vyborg County was ceded to the Soviet Union, and the remaining areas were formed into Kymi Province in 1945. Kouvola had also become an administrative center; As the capital of Kymen County, it operated from 1955 until the 1997 county reform.

In January 2009, the six municipalities of Kouvola, Kuusankoski, Elimäki, Anjalankoski, Valkeala and Jaala were consolidated, forming the new municipality of Kouvola. Kouvola has also assumed the slogan Kymijoen kaupunki (the town of Kymijoki) previously used by Anjalankoski.

2. 文化体育

The main building of the City Library was completed in 1971. At that time, with the new library building, the Kouvola City Library also became the Kymenlaakso Provincial Library. The provincial libraries have a common library system, and the same library card runs throughout the area. The Kouvola City Library organizes the popular Kouvola Detective Days in the summer at the Kouvola Theater. In addition to the main library, the Kouvola City Library includes 8 nearby libraries and two library cars.

Kouvola's cultural offer is represented by, among others, the Kymi Sinfonietta, a small symphony orchestra formed by Kouvola and Kotka, which consists of 29 full-time professional musicians. There are almost a hundred public concerts every year. The repertoire is extensive: it ranges from baroque and Viennese classical music to entertainment and rock. In addition, you can study almost everything related to the field of music at Pohjois-Kymen Music College. An amateur-based Vox musicae chamber orchestra also operates under the auspices of the Music College.

University-level research and teaching in Kouvola is carried out by the Kouvola unit of Lappeenranta University of Technology. Previously, the city also housed the Department of Translation Studies of the University of Helsinki (initially the Kouvola Language Institute, then the Department of Translator Training of the University of Helsinki), but its operations were transferred to Helsinki in 2009. The University of Applied Sciences of Southeast Finland offers polytechnic education in Kouvola as well as business and design and media. Vocational training in several fields is organized by the Kouvola Region Vocational College.

There are 33 primary schools in Kouvola, which offer general education for children aged 7-16 from Kouvola. Of the schools, 22 are primary schools, 5 are secondary schools and 6 are integrated schools, ie combined primary and secondary schools. The number of Kouvola primary schools has decreased a lot since the municipal union, as in 2010 there were still 47 primary schools in Kouvola. Among other things, the city of Kouvola has closed down many small schools in rural villages with less than 100 students, mainly for reasons of savings.

In 2017, the City of Kouvola started a large school network survey, during which the current school network, the development of the number of pupils, the condition of school buildings and the functioning of the school network were studied. In November 2018, the city came to the conclusion that the school network would be reduced so that 18 primary schools would remain in Kouvola and 16 schools would be closed. Pupils in the schools to be abolished will not, of course, fit into the current largely poorly maintained schools, so a lot of new school buildings will be built in Kouvola over the next 10 years and some of the existing schools will be renovated. The city has justified reducing the school network by seeking savings. In addition, most of the current school buildings are old and in really poor condition. The high school network has also been reviewed many times during the new city, and in 2015 the Anjalankoski high school in Inkeroinen was closed down. In 2019, the city decided to abolish Valkeala and Elimäki high schools in 2020.

Kouvola is the hometown of the Sudet sports club, which became Finnish champions in bandy six consecutive times, and they have a football team which is playing at the fourth highest level, Kolmonen, despite Sudet being one of the oldest football clubs in Finland. KooKoo is the most successful ice hockey team in Kymenlaakso. It plays in the Finnish top league, SM-liiga. Kouvolan Pallonlyöjät (KPL) is a baseball team based in Kouvola and known for Pesäpallo. KPL was won five Finnish championships and it plays in the Finnish top league, Superpesis. Kouvot is a basketball team based in Kouvola. the team plays in the highest level Korisliiga and has won four Finnish championships.

MyPa is one of the most successful football clubs in Finland and the 1990s was the golden era. MyPa is played 23 seasons in the Finnish top football league Veikkausliiga. MyPa are based in the industrial village of Myllykoski, part of the city of Kouvola. The club became inactive in professional football after having ceased operations in 2015 due to financial difficulties. In 2017, MyPa returned and started again from the fourth highest tier but has quickly risen to the second highest level, Ykkönen, where it is now playing. Kouvola also has a Palomäki Ski Jump Center, very close to the city, where young people and other sports enthusiasts can go to jump on a ski jump.

七、其他信息

The name itself derives from Old Finnish kouvo, meaning bear and wolf. The arms are Sable, an escarbuncle Or, base wavy Argent. Verla factory, which is an UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located near Kouvola. The newspapers Kouvolan Sanomat and Keskilaakso are published in Kouvola. The third biggest Amusement park in Finland, called Tykkimäki is located in Kouvola.

八、联系方式

Town manager: Marita Toikka

Phone:020 61511

Email: info@kinno.fi

Address:P.O. Box. 85 Torikatu 10 45100 Kouvola Finland

https://www.kouvola.fi

https://www.kouvola.fi/en/