Uusikaupunki 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-10-15
一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积
Uusikaupunki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈuːsiˌkɑupuŋki]; Swedish: Nystad) is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the Southwest Finland region. The municipality has a population of 15,685 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 551.65 square kilometres (212.99 sq mi) of which 49.04 km2 (18.93 sq mi) is inland water. The population density is 31.21 inhabitants per square kilometre (80.8/sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Both its Finnish and Swedish names translate literally to "new town". The original name of the main village that was incorporated into Uusikaupunki was Kalainen (roughly translated from Finnish as "rich in fish"). The surrounding region, and especially the neighboring town of Kalanti, which merged with Uusikaupunki in 1993, was already a lively marketplace for wooden objects and salt in the early Middle Ages. Uusikaupunki was founded to legalize this trade.
The town of Uusikaupunki was founded as a town with the rights of commerce in 1617 by decree by Gustav II Adolf. In 1721, the Peace of Nystad was signed in Uusikaupunki, ending the Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia. Up to the 19th century, Uusikaupunki was an important port for commerce and fishing, and up to the latter half of the 20th century, it retained an important ship-building industry.
Uusikaupunki is the home of Valmet Automotive, a contract automobile mechanical production company, producing cars and vehicles for brands such as Mercedes-Benz. It was founded in 1968 as Saab-Valmet for manufacturing Saab cars. As of June 2017, Valmet is assembling Mercedes-Benz A-Class and Mercedes-Benz GLC-Class cars. Uusikaupunki is home to the Bonk museum.
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二、自然地理
1.地理条件
Uusikaupunki is located in the province of Southwest Finland, in the region of Vakka-Suomi. It is located on the shores of the Gulf of Bothnia, 70 kilometers northwest of Turku. According to the National Land Survey of Finland, the area of Uusikaupunki on 1 January 2020 was 1,932.43 km², of which 502.86 km² is land, 47.41 km² is inland water areas and the remaining 1,382.16 km² is seawater. The highest point of the city is Kuuanvuori (48.6 m).
The Sirppujoki River flows through the city, which flows into the Uusikaupunki freshwater basin in the northern part of the city. The pool was built in 1965 when the bays of Velhovesi and Ruotsinvesi were dammed from the sea. The area of the basin is about 40 km², and the city and part of Vakka-Suomi get their domestic water from it. The acidity of the freshwater basin has caused some fish deaths and overgrowth of aquatic plants.
In 2011, the Bothnian Sea National Park was established in the outer archipelago of Uusikaupunki. The area, named Finland's largest marine national park, begins in the south of the Kustavi archipelago and ends in the north in the Merikarvia archipelago.
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2. 交通情况
Main road 43 leads from the northeast from Laitila via Kalannti, ending in Uusikaupunki. Regional road 196 runs from Taivassalo north through Lokalahti to Uusikaupunki, continuing north to Pyhäranta. The freight railway from Turku runs through the city, ending in Hankonsaari, where the Yara fertilizer plant operates. Cargo ship traffic is handled on the west side of the city from the port of Uusikaupunki. For boaters, there is a guest marina right in the city center, which has been awarded the best in Finland three times.
The train track was first introduced to Uusikaupunki in the 1880s. At that time, it was proposed that a branch line be built from the Tampere-Pori line to Uusikaupunki. However, the project did not progress, so a railway between Uusikaupunki and Turku was later proposed. The railway was approved for construction in 1909, and in 1925 the railway was inaugurated. The passenger train service on the line was discontinued at the end of 1992. In the 21st century, studies have been carried out on the reopening of passenger transport, but electrification of the line has been considered unprofitable due to low traffic volumes. The decision to electrify the Uusikaupunki railway was made in spring 2017. Work will begin in early 2018 and be completed in 2021. Electrification is not directly related to the opening of passenger traffic, but will make it possible.
Bus traffic began in Uusikaupunki as early as 1906, the first in Finland. At that time, the bus acquired by the merchants was used for local traffic between Turku and Uusikaupunki. However, the experiment ended in 1907, and in 1914 traffic was done by mail car. In the 1920s, bus traffic expanded further. Uusikaupunki Bus Station is currently located on the west side of the market square
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三、经济发展和规模
The tax revenue of Uusikaupunki has been below the national average in the 2000s, although in the 1990s the tax revenue was higher than the average. This has led to higher income taxes.
The city’s most important industry is industry, which employs 32.7% of the employed. Services (27.8%) and trade (11.0%) also employ a lot of people. Between 1999 and 2009, the number of jobs in the city fell by more than 1,100. Unemployment in Uusikaupunki fell in the 21st century, so that in 2008 it was already below the national average. With the global recession, the number of unemployed increased, but fell again below the national average in the 2010s. In September 2011, the city's unemployment rate was 7.6%.
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四、产业特点重点项目
The most significant employer in the city is the Uusikaupunki car plant, which will have about 4,500 employees by the end of 2018. Since the late 1960s, Valmet Automotive's factory has manufactured Saab, Talbot, Opel, Lada, Porsche and Think City cars, as well as the Fisker Karma electric car. Since autumn 2013, the plant has been manufacturing Mercedes-Benz passenger cars, especially the A-Series, and has been constantly expanding.
The Uusikaupunki soybean refinery, which is expected to employ 140 people, will be opened in the city in autumn 2013. Other major employers include the Yara fertilizer plant and the Uusikaupunki Work Boat.
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五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)
1. Bonk Museo
The Bonk Museum is a fantastic journey into the world of imagination. The museum houses a collection of carefully restored Bonk devices and products from mid-1800s to the 1950s.
Bonk is a fun fantasy product based on an idea by artist Alvar Gullichsen. Oy Bonk AB is a fictional family company with a whole history woven around them and all kinds of inventions attributed to them. The Bonk family is known for example for creating “a stimulating anchovy-based relish” and discovering the “dynamo effect caused by the movement of giant anchovies”.
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2. Uusikaupunki Old Church
Uusikaupunki Old Church was one of the first new churches after the Reformation in Finland. It was built in 1623-1629 and renovated several times in the 18th century. The belfry was added in 1775. The speciality of the church is the star-decorated, barrel vaulted ceiling.
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3. Wahlberg’s House Museum
A handsome bourgeois house, previously owned by a tobacco factory owner, provides insight into life in the 19th century. Maritime section upstairs. In the summer of 2017 the museum holds the "Uusikaupunki 400 years" anniversary exhibition. Guided tours on summer Thursdays at 2pm. Opening hours: Jun 12-Aug 27: Mon-Fri 10am-5pm, Sat-Sun 12-3pm. At other times Tue-Fri 12-3pm or at other times by agreement. Groups by appointment.
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六、历史文化
1.历史
The manufacture of wooden utensils was a significant industry in the area as early as the middle Ages, when the area of the present church village of Kalannin was home to a significant trading place in Männäinen. Trade was made with other Baltic countries and in return salt was obtained. A new city, Uusikaupunki, was established on the site to legalize trade. The town was founded by King Gustav II Adolf on April 19, 1617, in the villages of Ruokola, Mäyhölä and Pietola, and the peasants of the surrounding area then moved to the town area. Shortly after its founding, the first church in the city was completed in 1627. The town plan was created in the mid-17th century, and the city center was built on the basis of the traditional square town plan. From 1646 to 1681, Uusikaupunki was the capital of Vasaborg County.
During the Great War of the Great Northern War, the majority of the city's population fled to Sweden and the Russians occupied the city in 1713. The western part of the city was already conquered before the end of the war. After the war, Russian soldiers withdrew from the city but destroyed buildings and other property. Peace between Sweden and Russia was concluded at the request of the Russians in Uusikaupunki in 1721. The peace treaty has since come to be called the Peace of Uusikaupunki. After the peace, the city was rebuilt and its population increased significantly. There was soon a shortage of land and housing in Uusikaupunki, which expanded the city without following the grid pattern of the city center. The new settlements were largely inhabited by sailors, and the names of the settlements were borrowed from Sweden.
The new city was granted the rights to a trap in the 1830s, when trade was liberalized. With the rights, the population increased to about 3,000 in the 1850s. At the same time, shipping in the area became a major industry, and ships were built in the city, the most important of which were Stockholm and Copenhagen. During the great shipbuilding period from 1857 to 1876, there were as many as five shipyards in the city. At the end of the shipbuilding season, the Uusikaupunki merchant fleet was the third largest in Finland after Vyborg and Raahe. With industrialization, the city's golden age of sailing ships ended in the late 19th century.
Like other wooden house towns, Uusikaupunki suffered from fires. Significant fires have occurred since the 18th century, but the most devastating were in the 19th century. After the fire of 1855, a new town plan was wanted for the city. The town plan designed by Georg Theodor von Chiewitz was approved in 1856. At the same time, he also designed the city's new church. With the town plan, the city expanded to the north and parks and tree plantings were planned for the urban area. The city's current wooden house area is based on this town plan.
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2. 文化
At the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population did not increase much, but the railway between Uusikaupunki and Turku was opened in 1924. New industry began to move to the city only in the 1950s and 1960s, when the city had invested in transport, freshwater and the port. The then Rikkihappo Oy (later Kemira, now Yara) built a fertilizer plant on the island of Hanko in front of the city, the production of which started in 1965. The city's car factory began operations in the late 1960s and the population grew significantly in the 1970s. A decade later, the population had already risen to 14,000. In 1974, Salc Oy's subsidiary, Salcomp Oy, which supplied components to the main factory in Salo, began operations. In the 1970s, it was planned to build Neste Oy's new oil refinery in Kettel, Pyhämaan, which was joined by the forced connection of the municipality of Pyhämaa to Uusikaupunki at the beginning of 1974. However, the refinery project failed.
Many municipal reforms were also carried out in Uusikaupunki: Uusikaupunki Rural Council (1969), Pyhämaa (1974), Lokalahti (1981) and Kalanti (1993) were incorporated into the city. In the 21st century, the city suffered from economic problems, but has not been classified as a crisis region. In addition, municipal associations with neighboring municipalities have been mapped.
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七、其他信息
One of the city's most significant newspapers is Uudenkaupungin Sanomat, which is published three times a week. The newspaper began to be published as early as 1890, making it one of the oldest newspapers in Finland. Other newspapers published in the city are Vakka-Suomen Sanomat and Vakka-Suomen Aluesanomat. Former newspapers published in the city were the Swedish-speaking Nystads Tidning and Nya Tag. There is also a local TV in Uusikaupunki, known as VakkaTV. It appears in about 8,000 households.
Uusikaupunki's best-known Sports Club is Korihait, which plays basketball at the Finnish main league level, the Basketball League. It won the Finnish Championship of its kind in 1990, when the club still operated under the name Uusikaupunki Athletes (UU). Korihait play their match at Uusikaupunki Arena.
The city's hockey team Jää-Kotkat has played in Finland's second league for seven seasons. Today, the club plays at lower league levels. In roller hockey, the city was represented by Roller Eagles, who won the Finnish championship in his sport at his best.
The ski tube was completed in Uusikaupunki in 2005, and when completed it was the fourth ski tube in Finland. In connection with the ski tube known as the Vahterusring, there is also a running track and a curling track.
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八、联系方式
Mayor of Uusikaupunki town: Atso Vainio
Website: https://uusikaupunki.fi/en
Address: Välskärintie 2 C, PL 20, 23501, Uusikaupunki
Phone number: 02 845 151
Email:firstname.lastname@uusikaupunki.fi
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