Hämeenlinna 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-10-14

一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积

Hämeenlinna is a city and municipality of about 68,000 inhabitants in the heart of the historical province of Tavastia (Häme) in the south of Finland. Hämeenlinna is the oldest inland city of Finland and was one of the most important Finnish cities until the 19th century. It still remains an important regional center.

Hämeenlinna is the birthplace of composer Jean Sibelius. Today, it belongs to the region of Tavastia Proper (Kanta-Häme), and before 2010 it was the residence city for the Governor of the province of Southern Finland. Nearby cities include the capital Helsinki (98 km or 61mi), Tampere (73 km or 45 mi) and Lahti (72 km or 45 mi), which the last mentioned is the regional center of Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme).

The medieval Häme Castle (Hämeen linna) is located in the city. The municipalities of Hauho, Kalvola, Lammi, Renko and Tuulos were consolidated with Hämeenlinna on 1 January 2009.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

二、自然地理

1.地理条件

There are a total of 339 lakes in whole or in part in the area of the city of Hämeenlinna. The largest of these are Vanajavesi, Kukkia and Kuohijärvi. The center of Hämeenlinna is located in Southern Häme, in the Vanajavesi valley, which is also classified as a national landscape, which is divided by the north-south, Vanajavesi, which is narrow in its southern part. Other significant lakes in Hämeenlinna are Katumajärvi and Alajärvi. A northwest-southeast ridge line runs through the urban area, parts of which include Ahvenistonharju and Hattelmalanharju. The terrain is undulating in other respects as well; The center of Hämeenlinna and, for example, the Myllymäki and Hätilä Districts are located at the top of larger hills. The city has a few mountains used as castle mountains in prehistoric times, the most significant of which are Aulangonuori and the mainland castle mountain.

The main features of the Hämeenlinna landscape are the Häme Lake Plateau, the Vanajavesi Valley and the Kanta-Häme Grove Center. In many places, the landscape is characterized by the prosperous Hämäläinen agricultural culture. There are several nature reserves in the city, the largest of which are located in the popular recreation areas of Aulango and Åland on the outskirts of the city. In addition, Hämeenlinna has Finland's first national city park, established in 2001, which extends from the wooden house areas of Koilliskulma and Häme Castle, following the shores of Vanajavesi to Aulango. In the former municipality of Lammi, which was connected to Hämeenlinna in 2009, there is a relatively well-known Evo hiking area.

The center of Hämeenlinna is located on Saarinen Hill on the shores of Vanajavesi, and is bordered on the west by Highway 3. The street network in the center is based on a grid pattern drawn up by C. L. Engel in 1832 after the city, with Kauppatori as its center. On the edge of the market square are the town hall and Hämeenlinna Church, among others. The city center is divided into four districts, which are Linnanniemi, Koilliskulma, Hämeensaari and Saaristenmäki, respectively. Raatihuoneenkatu is the most significant shopping street in the city center.

The center has a large number of buildings representing different styles, and in proportion to the population of the city, it is quite large and densely built. The most significant expansion direction in the city center in the 2010s has been the Keinusaari district on the other side of Vanajavesi, where, for example, the railway station is located. New extensions have also been continuously implemented in the city center. The center of Hämeenlinna has been ridiculed as Finland's largest illuminated cemetery. Other key districts are Myllymäki, Kauriala and Hätilä.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

2.交通情况

Hämeenlinna is located in a traffic-friendly location in the middle of Helsinki and Tampere, along the main line, at the intersection of highways 3 and 10. Highway 3 runs as a highway past the city center. From Hämeenlinna to Pälkäne, main road 57 leads, which is part of the original alignment of highway 3. Previously, Hämeenlinna was also the second terminus of the main road 55 to Porvoo and the main road 56 to Tampere via Toijala. In the northeastern part of Hämeenlinna, there is a highway 12 between Tampere and Lahti, to which highway 10 joins in the area of the former Tuulos. The main road 53 to Padasjoki diverges from the same intersection. The southwestern part is flanked by the main road 54 between Forssa and Lahti.

Most long-distance and local bus services run from the bus station in the city center. The most frequent connections are in the directions of Tampere, Helsinki, Turku and Lahti. On high-speed bus services from Hämeenlinna, you can also get to Nokia, Seinäjoki, Vaasa, Kokkola, Virra and Ähtäri without changing cars. There are also regular direct bus services from Hämeenlinna to Padasjoki via Lammi. Intercity bus traffic in Hämeenlinna is handled by Inter Kuljetus Oy, Länsilinjat Oy and Vekka Liikenne Oy.

The Hämeenlinna railway station and the Iittala railway station in the area of the former Kalvola municipality are located in the area of the city of Hämeenlinna. At both stations, all R-trains on the route Helsinki – Riihimäki – Tampere stop. In addition, most InterCity and certain Pendolino trains stop in Hämeenlinna. Hämeenlinna is not a crossing station, so the nearest alternative train services pass through Riihimäki or Toijala.

From Hämeenlinna to the nearest airports, the distance is about 85 kilometers to Pirkkala, about 95 kilometers to Vantaa and about 140 kilometers to Turku.

Vanajavesi, which runs through Hämeenlinna in a north-south direction, has long been used as a route. During the summer season, there is regular ship traffic from the port of Hämeenlinna in the direction of Tampere.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

三、经济发展和规模

Hämeenlinna has a diverse economic structure. The largest employers in a historically significant school, administrative, and garrison town are the state and public entities, which employ a third of the city's population. The economic structure of Hämeenlinna is close to the national average. In 2015, there were 28,270 jobs in the city. Of these, 75% were in the service sector, 3% in primary production (agriculture, forestry and fisheries) and 21% in processing. The share of the unemployed was 13.6%. The companies that paid the most corporate tax in 2016 were the insurance company Pohjantähti, Movax, which builds construction machinery, and Kamux, which specializes in the sale of used cars. The largest private employer is SSAB Europe's steel plant, which employs about 900 people.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

四、产业特点/重点项目

Hämeenlinna is known as an administrative city. Since the 19th century, the city has first been the capital of Häme County and the capital of Southern Finland, which existed in 1997–2009. Since 2010, the headquarters of the Regional State Administrative Agency of Southern Finland have been located in Hämeenlinna. Hämeenlinna Courthouse is also located in the city.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)

1. Hämeenlinna Art Museum

Hämeenlinna Art Museum in an old grain warehouse designed by C. L. Engel. In the center, close to the train station, is the city's Cultural and Congress Center Verkatehdas. The old factory building and new parts now house a 703-seat music and congress hall, a conference center, the Bio Rex cinema center and a restaurant. The premises also include the Hämeenlinna Theater, the Mini-Theater, the Sibelius College, the Sibelius Birthplace Foundation, the Vanajavesi College and the ARX Children and Youth Cultural Center. In addition to the above, many cultural and media associations and companies, as well as professionals, have found their way there. At the beginning of 2008, Galleria Kone and the art loan office.lähde maintained by Ars-Häme ry were also opened in Verkatehtaa.

The Hämeenlinna Art Museum operates in premises built on old crown warehouses in connection with the Verkatehdas. Other museums in Hämeenlinna include the Museum Skogster, Sibelius' Birthplace and Palander House under the Hämeenlinna City Museum, as well as Häme Castle, the Prison Museum and the Militaria Museum. The City Museum also maintains the Savings Bank Museum. The former three are located in the city center, a short distance apart, and the latter four in the Linnanniemi area. In addition to the main library, the Hämeenlinna City Library has two branch libraries in the city center and one in the area of each parish Hämeenlinna has the second largest number of summer cottages in Finland. At the beginning of 2009, the number has been reported as 7,600.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

2.Hämeenlinna Church

The most famous tourist attractions in Hämeenlinna are Hämeenlinna Castle, Museum Militaria, Hämeenlinna Town Hall, Prison Museum, Hämeenlinna Art Museum, Hämeenlinna Church, Vanaja Church, Sibelius Birthplace, Palander Home Museum, Vanajanlinna, Katisten Manor and Ahvenisto motor. The tourism industry cooperates with destinations in the Hattula and Janakkala areas. The most significant nature attractions are the Åland Olympic Park, the Aulanko Park Forest, the City Park, the Castle Park, the Hattelmalanharju and the Evo hiking area.

The medieval greystone churches in the current area of Hämeenlinna are a good example of the architecture maintained by the parishes. The Vanaja Church, which was previously connected to Hämeenlinna, has the Vanaja Church, and later the area connected to Hämeenlinna includes the Rengo Church, the Hauho Church, the Tuulos Church and the Lammi Church.

The Hämeenlinna dispute stick is an old, multi-purpose Orthodox military church that has been proposed to be returned to church use. In the 1920s, the state handed over church bells free of charge to parishes in need. Church bells are found in Sund Church in Åland, Sammaljoki Church in Sastamala and Halkivaha Church in Urjala. The building, which completely lost its original appearance in the 1920s and was transformed into a city library, has housed the Partnership House, which has been the premises of various associations since 2014. In Hämeenlinna, along Uhrikivenkatu, the ancient monument in Kauriala, the sacrificial stone, was located on its own plot in the middle of the industrial area, from where it was moved to a nearby park in 2010. There are also ancient sacrificial stones, e.g. In Sibelius Park, Hauho and Ponds.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

3. Events

Events in Hämeenlinna include Ämyrock, Wanaja Festival, Mellakka Festival, Tomatoes! Tomatoes! -stand-up comedy festival, Hämeenlinna children's event Hippalot, Häme medieval festival and the provincial late summer fair Elomessut. In 1975 and 2007, the housing fair was held in Hämeenlinna. Since 2004, the Hämeenlinna Hope youth event has been held at the city's market square. The Giants of Rock was a rock festival held on the Åland Motorway from 1987 to 1992, the performers of which were top names in their field. In 2015, a new Kantola event park was opened in the Kantola district, where a wide range of events can be organized, including mega-class concerts. AC / DC has already performed in the event park in the summer of 2015, Iron Maiden in the summer of 2016 and Guns N 'Roses in 2017.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

六、历史文化

1.历史

There was a settlement called Vanaja by the lake Vanajavesi where the city now stands since the Viking Age. The castle was built in the late 13th century to secure Swedish power in central Finland. A village was established near Häme Castle to provide services and goods to its inhabitants. The village was granted city rights in 1639 and soon after that the King of Sweden moved it one kilometre (0.6 miles) south to the hill on which it still stands. The city is known for its schools and academies where many famous Finns have studied. Schools, government and the military have characterised Hämeenlinna's life throughout history. Finland's first railway line opened between Hämeenlinna and Helsinki in 1862. The current Hämeenlinna railway station (Rautatieasema in Finnish) was built in 1921.

The city of Hämeenlinna has developed into a prehistoric residential area by Vanajavesi. Varikonniemi, near the center, is home to a significant but controversial archaeological site, an Iron Age and early medieval residence that, according to some interpretations, was the city of Vanai. There are several hill castles near the city, the most famous of which are Aulanko (Swedish: Karlberg) and Hakoinen Castle Mountain.

The construction of Häme Castle was started after the crusade made by Earl Birger to Häme in the 13th or early 14th century in what is now Linnanniemi, and soon settlement began to form north of the castle. This modest settlement center received city rights from Peter Brahe in January 1639 as the first Finnish inland city. The Häme bull route from Turku, inherited from prehistoric times, ended in the city, and the Ylinen Viipurintie passed through Hämeenlinna to Vyborg. The city was the center of Häme Castle County.

The parish of Hämeenlinna was separated from the parish of Vanaja after the founding of the town in 1639. The first church in the town was probably completed in 1666 north of the castle in the area of the old town. The new cruciform church was completed in 1739 in the vicinity of the old one and remained in use even after the transfer of the city until the completion of the current main church. In 1777, Gustav III decided to move the city south of its current location on Niementausta Hill to the lands of Saaristen Latokartano. The first town plan was drawn up by Axel Magnus von Arbin, and the transfer took place the following year. In the area of the Old Town there is a former garrison area now known as the Castle Barracks. Gustav III also built the main church of Hämeenlinna, which was made round as a model for the Roman Pantheon. However, the original appearance of the church changed decisively in the 19th century when a bell tower was added to the building and expanded into a cruciform church.

On September 14, 1831, a large fire destroyed about three-quarters of Hämeenlinna, including the county government and the school building. However, the church and some of the blocks behind it were spared. The reconstruction of the city took place on the basis of a new town plan drawn up by Carl Ludvig Engel. Hämeenlinna became a pure-style Empire city, but its architecture today is left with only fragments.

Hämeenlinna, which developed into a military, administrative and school city, gained new impetus for its industry in 1862, when the country's first section of Helsinki was opened on 31 January. At the same time, shipping traffic along Vanajavesi to Tampere increased considerably. In 1876 the railway was extended to Tampere. Hämeen Sanomat, Finland's oldest Finnish-language newspaper still operating under the same name, was founded in Hämeenlinna in 1879. Of the competitions in the Helsinki Olympics, a modern pentathlon was held in Hämeenlinna at the Kauriala sports field and at the Ahvenisto indoor swimming pool. The alignment of Highway 3 on the side of the city center, one of the earliest motorway sections in Finland, was completed in 1965. In the 1960s and 70s, the cityscape changed significantly when much more efficient new construction was built in the city center.

 The first major regional union of Hämeenlinna took place on January 1, 1948, when most of the rural municipality of Hämeenlinna, located north of the city, and parts of the municipality of Vanaja were annexed to the city. At the beginning of 1967, Hämeenlinna expanded considerably, when the municipality of Vanaja, which surrounded the city from three directions, was mainly connected to the city. In November 2007, the Hämeenlinna Region Association of Municipalities between Hauho, Hämeenlinna, Kalvola, Lammi, Rengo and Tuulos was secured and entered into force on 1 January 2009. At the beginning of 2010, the village of Hietoinen in the former municipality of Lammi was moved from Hämeenlinna to Hausjärvi.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

2. 文化体育

The main office of Häme University of Applied Sciences is located in Hämeenlinna. The Hämeenlinna Lyceum, founded in 1873, has many cultural figures. The school is one of Finland's most renowned educational institutions, as many well-known Finns have graduated from the educational institution. Examples include master composer Jean Sibelius and President Juho Kusti Paasikivi. Hämeenlinna Lyceum has a primary school (grades 7-9) and a high school. Another of the high schools in the heart of Hämeenlinna is Kauriala High School. In the autumn of 2018, Hämeenlinna Lyceum High School and Kauriala High School were to be merged into a high school for more than a thousand students on the Tavastia Hattelmala campus. However, it was decided to cancel the high school project in the city government in the spring of 2018, and the high schools will continue to be separate.

Tavastia Vocational College is the city's most important secondary vocational school. The city's upper secondary schools and vocational school together form the Tavastia consortium of educational municipalities, which also includes educational institutions from other municipalities, such as Parola and Janakkala upper secondary schools. In addition, until July 2012, the city housed a teacher training institute belonging to the University of Tampere (former Hämeenlinna seminar), where new teachers were trained for decades. The third high school in Hämeenlinna is Lammi high school in Lammi.

In the 1980s, Hämeenlinna's pastry was served as an everyday meal with ham and sour bread, and as a festive meal herring wrapped in rye dough, ie fish bread, buttermilk and beer, and a game roaster's bird roast, which means pheasant stuffed with almonds and potato and apple slices. The traditional fast food from Hämeenlinna is Hotsi, which is made from cooked pie and jogging sausage.

Hämeenlinna's own hockey club is the Hämeenlinna Ball Club (HPK), which has won the Finnish championship in the period 2005–2006 and in the period 2018–2019. Its home matches are played in the Rinkelinmäki ice rink called the Knight's Arena. HPK Women have Representative Teams in Hockey and Volleyball.

There is a motorway on Åland for motorsports. Hämeenlinna has two adult football clubs, Hämeenlinna Football Club and Hämeenlinnan Härmä. The women's football club is Härmä. Hämeenlinna also has its own floorball team, the Steelers, whose home hall is Elenia Areena and which also has junior activities. Hämeenlinna is home to the American football team Hämeenlinna Huskies, who play in the Maple League. Founded in 2011, the Castle Rugby Club plays in the Rugby Championship. Golf can be played at Aulanko Golf Club, Tawast Golf or Castle Golf. Elsewhere in the Hämeenlinna region, golf can be played at Hattula Golf and Lepaa Golf. The Hämeenlinna Swimming Club is the city's most significant swimming club.

One of the oldest sports clubs in Hämeenlinna is Hämeenlinnan Tarmo, founded in 1903. Tarmo also had successful hockey operations from the 1930s until the 1970s, when operations were centralized at the Hämeenlinna Ball Club In Hämeenlinna, the Hämeenlinna Sports Friends Association, which organizes woodworking sports, was founded in 1945. [56] Kushin-Kan ry is a martial arts club from Hämeenlinna, whose selections include kickboxing, Brazilian jujutsu, hokutoryu jujutsu and karate. Hämeenlinna also has the Hämeenlinna Judo Club, which is one of the best judo clubs in Finland. Kilpacheerleadingseura HCT has been operating in Hämeenlinna since 2005 and has represented Hämeenlinna in both national and international cheerleading competitions. In the Olympic class rowing, Hämeenlinna is represented by the Hämeenlinna Rowers

Elite level ice hockey teams HPK of the Liiga and HPK Kiekkonaiset of the Naisten Liiga Football teams FC Hämeenlinna and the men's representative team of Hämeenlinnan Härmä, which play in the third-tier Kakkonen, and the women's representative team of Hämeenlinnan Härmä of the second-tier Naisten Ykkönen The city hosted the modern pentathlon competition for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. Hämeenlinna hosted the first round of the Underwater Rugby Euroleague in October 2012 and again in 2015. The Ahvenisto Race Circuit, opened in 1967, hosts many motorsport happenings. Track has Fia Grade 4 license.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

七、其他信息

Hämeenlinna also has about ten suburbs, which are separated from the city center by large detached house areas. The city also has plenty of parks and local recreation areas. The railway bypasses the center on the east side of Vanajavesi, but Highway 3 runs as a motorway just through the city; at the center it is covered by a deck. Highway 10 bypasses the city from the south and east. Ridges and long lakes that cross the city have also had their own impact on the urban structure.

https://www.hameenlinna.fi

八、联系方式

Town manager: Timo Kenakkala

Phone: 03 621 3370

Email: hameenlinnan.kaupunki@hameenlinna.fi

Address: Hämeenlinnan kaupunki PL 84 13101 Hämeenlinna

https://www.hameenlinna.fi