Imatra 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-06-21
一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积
Imatra is a town and municipality in eastern Finland. Imatra is dominated by Lake Saimaa, the Vuoksi River and the border with Russia. On the other side of the border, 7 kilometres (4 mi) away from the centre of Imatra, lies the Russian town of Svetogorsk. St Petersburg is situated 210 km (130 mi) to the southeast, Finland's capital Helsinki is 230 km (140 mi) away and Lappeenranta, the nearest Finnish town, is 37 km (23 mi) away. Imatra belongs to the administrative province of Southern Finland and the region of South Karelia. The town manager of Imatra is Kai Roslakka. The town's nicknames include Imis, Ibiza and Nahkalippis City (Leather Baseball Cap City).
The city has a population of 26,509 (31 January 2020), Imatra's neighboring municipalities are Lappeenranta and Ruokolahti. Imatra is best known for Imatrankoski and Vuoksi, which flows through the city. The Imatra State Hotel, as well as the Three Crosses Church designed by Alvar Aalto, are also well-known attractions. The largest employers are Stora Enso's Imatra mills, the City of Imatra and Ovako's steel mills. VR and the Finnish Border Guard's School of Border and Coast Guard and the Border Guard of South-Eastern Finland are also significant employers. The population growth of Imatra is negative.
二、自然地理
1.地理条件
Imatra is a city in the province of South Karelia in southeastern Finland. The city has a population of 26,509 (31 January 2020), Imatra's neighboring municipalities are Lappeenranta and Ruokolahti. Imatra is best known for Imatrankoski and Vuoksi, which flows through the city. The Imatra State Hotel, as well as the Three Crosses Church designed by Alvar Aalto, are also well-known attractions. The largest employers are Stora Enso's Imatra mills, the City of Imatra and Ovako's steel mills. VR and the Finnish Border Guard's School of Border and Coast Guard and the Border Guard of South-Eastern Finland are also significant employers. The population growth of Imatra is negative. Finland's largest lake, Lake Saimaa, is a few kilometers from the city center. The guest marina and Imatra Spa are located on the shores of Lake Saimaa.
Imatra is located in southeast Finland, close to the Russian border. The city of Svetogorsk is located on the Russian side just 7 kilometres from the centre of Imatra. The distance between St Petersburg and Imatra is 210 kilometres and the distance between Helsinki and Imatra is 256 kilometres. Imatra's location right on the Russian border gives the city an international stamp. The town of Svetogorsk (formerly Enso Finland) on the Russian side is about seven kilometers from the center of Imatra. Russian tourists are a common sight in the city and Russian tourism greatly benefits the local business community. Most people shop in Imatra, and Imatra's tax-free sales are the third largest in Finland (only Helsinki and Lappeenranta are ahead). [10] Many tourists also stay in the city overnight, which is reflected in higher hotel occupancy rates than the national average. In addition, in recent years, more and more Russians have bought an apartment for themselves in Imatra and the surrounding area.
2. 交通情况
Rail transport
The Karelia railway line serves Imatra station.
Air transport
Airport
The nearest public airport is Lappeenranta Airport. Finnish border guards use the airport of Immola (fi) which is located in Imatra.
Road transport
Valtatie 6, which leads from Koskenkylä to Kouvola, and by Lappeenranta and Joensuu to Kajaani, crosses Imatra.
A plentiful stock of salmon, fertile fields and pastures, as well as magnificent riverside views, has attracted people to River Vuoksi throughout the ages. The unique, multifaceted cultural past of the river at the crossroads of East and West remains there for you to see. Welcome to the world of River Vuoksi.
The Vuoksi culture route makes a tour around the river along riverside pathways and bridges. The route (about 11.5 kilometres altogether) can be followed both by hiking and cycling. You can choose between two options: the longer one is about 7 kilometres and the shorter one about 4.5 kilometres long. The Vuoksi culture route runs mainly on flat, easy terrain along footpaths. The route is not marked with orientation signs, but there are informative billboards about the sights along the route.
The accessible route allowing wheelchair travel runs in Kruununpuisto and along the riverside. The route has sections with both gravel and bitumen paths, as well as a cobblestone clearing which may be slippery in wet conditions. The route runs on flat terrain, with a few road crossings and no steep inclines. The pedestrian crossings have sloping curbs. There are a number of benches for resting along the route. The route is not marked with orientation signs. The route is about 4.3 kilometres long.
三、经济发展和规模
Thanks to the energy provided by the rapids of the Vuoksi river, the city experienced considerable development from 1929 and the construction of the Imatrankoski dam. Its golden age lasted from the end of the Continuation War until the 1980s, with the installation of several pulp mills. It was then hit very hard by the crisis that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union. The early 1990s saw an explosion in unemployment and the start of a population decline of 1% per year that has not been stopped.
The papermaker Stora Enso remains the largest employer in the city, with 2,800 employees. There is also a steelworks, a subsidiary of the Wärtsilä group.
四、产业特点/重点项目
Imatra is home to two large wood processing plants, the Kaukopää and Tainionkoski factories owned by Stora Enso Oyj. The Imatra power plant (Imatrankosken voimalaitos) located in the centre of Imatra on the rapids was the largest of its kind in Finland when it was completed in 1929. In the summer, the plant is open to tourists. The Oy Ovako Bar Ab steel mill is also located in Imatra.
The main employers are pulp and paper manufacturer Stora Enso Oyj, the Town of Imatra, engineering steel manufacturer Ovako Bar Oy Ab, and the Finnish Border Guard. As of October 2003, the total number of employees was 12,423. As of December 2004, 1,868 employees were employed by the Town of Imatra.
The biggest industrial companies in Imatra:
1.Stora Enson Imatran tehtaat 1923
2.Imatran kaupunki 1606
3.Ovako Imatra Oy Ab 600
4.Kaakkois-Suomen rajavartiosto 248
5.VR Group 241
6.Etelä-Karjalan Osuuskauppa 168
7.Tieto Oyj 137
8.Imatran kylpylä 112
9.Imatran seurakunta 107
10.Rämö Oy 85
五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)
1. Imatrankoski
Imatrankoski are rapids on the Vuoksi River in Imatra, Finland. It has been a famous tourist attraction since the late 1700s. Imatrankoski is also one of the National landscapes of Finland. Since 1929, the rapids has been blocked by a dam as the Imatra hydroelectric plant began operation. Today, the dam is opened daily between June and August as well as on Christmas Day and New Year's Eve.
2. Kruununpuisto
Kruununpuisto consists of four park sections and various attractions. In Kruununpuisto you can see, among other things, Hiidenkirnu, the rapids of the rapids, Finland's largest hydropower plant, the State Hotel and the summer theater.
In Kruununpuisto around Imatrankoski, we return to the time when Imatra lived the days of its glory as a tourist destination. Kruununpuisto is located in the city center. The surroundings of Imatrankoski received recognition early on, when the first Finnish nature park was established in 1842 from a rapids environment. Today, Kruununpuisto consists of four park sections and various attractions. In Kruununpuisto you will find an ancient Finnish park with Hiidenkirnu, observation pavilions on the edge of a rapids, Finland's largest hydropower plant, a magnificent Art Nouveau castle and a summer theater.
3. The Church of the Three Crosses
Church of the Three Crosses is a Lutheran church located in Kaukopää, Imatra, Finland. The church was designed by Alvar Aalto and completed in 1958. It is said to be Aalto's most original church design. The church gets its name from the three crosses at the altar. The church consists of three consecutive halls which can be separated by sliding walls; this enables parts of the church to be used for parish activities during the week. The exterior of the church is white with a copper roofing. Docomomo has listed the church as a significant example of modern architecture in Finland. The Finnish Heritage Agency has also listed it as a nationally significant built heritage site. A committee designated by the Finnish Heritage Agency in 1998 to commemorate the centenary of Aalto's birth selected the church as one of the five most important buildings designed by Aalto.
六、历史文化
1.历史
An Art Nouveau or Jugend style castle, currently known as Imatran Valtionhotelli, was built near the rapids in 1903 as a hotel for tourists from the Russian Imperial capital Saint Petersburg. During the Continuation War, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim met with Adolf Hitler in secrecy near the town for the former's 75th birthday.
Imatra was founded in 1948 on the territory of three municipalities – Jääski, Ruokolahti and Joutseno. Finland ceded 11% of its territory to the Soviet Union after the Winter War. Jääski lost 85% of its territory and it was decided that a new municipality, Imatra, should be established on the remaining 15% of Jääski and some areas of Ruokolahti and Joutseno. This is why the Imatra coat of arms has three flashes – in honour of those previous municipalities that granted areas to it. It gained its municipal charter in 1971.
2. 文化体育
PaSa Bandy is a bandy club in Imatra. Imatra is the birthplace of National Hockey League players Jussi Markkanen and Petteri Nokelainen. In motorsport history, Imatra is best known for its road races (former TT-race) from 1963 to 1986. From 1962 to 1982 it was the home of the Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix. Racing on the Imatra road circuit ended after fatal accident during the 1986 European Championship event. Racing resumed in 2016 as an International Road Racing Championship event. There is an annual indoor rowing race at Imatra, which attracts competitors from across Finland.
The current main building of the city library was completed in 1986. At that time, the main library moved from Imatrankoski to a new cultural center in Mansikkala. Nearby municipalities have a common library system, Heili, and the same library card goes throughout the area. There are also two other nearby libraries in Imatra at Vuoksenniska and Rajapatsa. In Vuoksenniska and Rajapatsa, libraries are located almost in the centers of urban areas.
The best known of the Imatra writers is probably the late Hilja Valtonen. Some of Laila Hirvisaari's books are in Imatra. Imatra's music offering is represented by the Imatra Region Music Institute, which is responsible for music education in the city of Imatra and the municipalities of Rautjärvi and Parikkala. The teaching consists of studies at the basic level of music and the music college level built on it, as well as pre-school music education at an early age.The Karelia Hall and the Concert Court on the east side of the Vuoksi are suitable for organizing musical events.
七、其他信息
In addition to the river, the cityscape of Imatra is characterized by fragmentation and the dominance of detached houses. Imatra has three centers, Imatrankoski, Mansikkala and Vuoksenniska. The Mansikkala district was once designed as the administrative center of Imatra, but today Imatrankoski has become the city center. Most of the specialty shops, restaurants and bars as well as the Koskenparta pedestrian street and the Koskentori shopping center are located in Imatrankoski. Agencies, the largest educational institutions, the Cultural Center, the Sports Center, the Travel Center and large supermarkets are located in Mansikkala. Recently when? Construction of the Pässiniemi area between Imatrankoski and Mansikkala has begun. Vuoksenniska, located in the northeastern part of the city, also has a service center. In addition to these, basic services such as schools, grocery stores and kindergartens are also available in other major residential areas. In terms of population density, Imatra is the most densely populated municipality in South Karelia. 97% of the population lives in the city center of Imatra, which is the only agglomeration in the city and also extends to neighboring municipalities.
The planning of Immola Airport began in 1933, and the airport was completed in 1936. Before World War II and during the war, Immola was the base of the Finnish Air Force. German Chancellor Adolf Hitler visited Immola on June 4, 1942, when he came to congratulate the Marshal of Finland, C. G. E. Mannerheim, on his 75th anniversary. At the end of the Continuation War, in the summer of 1944, the German air department Kuhlmey operated mainly from Immola.
八、联系方式
Mayor of Imatra town: Kai Roslakka
Website: http://www.imatra.fi
Phone number: +358 20 617111
Email: kirjaamo@imatra.fi
Address: Virastokatu 2, Imatra
Facebook: @imatrankaupunki