Oulu 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-04-20

一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积

Oulu is a city and municipality of 208 939 inhabitants (31 January 2019) in the region of North Ostrobothnia, Finland. It is the most populous city in Northern Finland, and the fifth most populous in the country. Only the city of Murmansk, Russia, has more people and is further north.

Oulu is considered one of Europe's "living labs", where residents experiment with new technology (such as NFC tags and ubi-screens) on a community-wide scale.

The city is named after the river Oulujoki, which originates in the lake Oulujärvi. There have been a number of other theories for the origin of the name Oulu. One possible source is a word in the Sami language meaning 'flood water', but there are other suggestions. At minimum, the structure of the word requires that, if originally given by speakers of a Uralic language, the name must be a derivative. In all likelihood, it also predates Finnish settlement and is thus a loanword from one of the now-extinct Saami languages once spoken in the area.

The City Council of Oulu is elected in a local election arranged every four years. During the 2017-2021 period, the Oulu City Council has 67 board members, with Mr. Juha Hänninen (National Coalition Party) acting as chairman.

二、自然地理

1.地理条件

The Area of Oulu is around 1,410 km². Oulu is located in northern Finland, a considerable distance from the other cities in the country. Mainland Finland's northernmost and southernmost points are roughly equidistant from Oulu. Oulu's coast sits at the Bothnian Bay (Perämeri in Finnish) and the Swedish mainland is about 180 km directly west across the Bothnian Bay. The nearby island Hailuoto is just off the coast.

2. 交通情况

Oulu is served by Oulu Airport, the second largest airport in Finland by passenger volume. It is located 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of the city centre.

The Port of Oulu is one of the busiest harbours on the Bothnian Bay. It includes four separate harbour areas: Vihreäsaari oil and bulk docks, Nuottasaari docks and Oritkari docks.

The shortest travel time from Oulu railway station to Helsinki Central railway station is 5 h 29 min, operated by VR. Other destinations include Kolari, Rovaniemi, Seinäjoki and Tampere.

The most important road in Oulu is Highway 4 (E8/E75) that runs from Helsinki to Utsjoki via Lahti, Jyväskylä, Oulu, Kemi and Rovaniemi. Other highways running to and from Oulu are Highway 20 to Kuusamo and Highway 22 to Kajaani.

Oulu is notable for its transportation network dedicated to non-vehicular traffic, including pedestrians and bicycles (termed "light" traffic in Finland). In 2010, the city contained more than 600 kilometres (370 mi) of pathways and more than 100 underpasses and bridges devoted exclusively to light traffic. The network is used year-round. The ratio of light traffic pathways to residents is the highest in Finland and the cycling mode share is 20 percent.Oulu is often touted as an excellent city for bicycling.

In 2015, a large underground parking facility, Kivisydän (Stone Heart), opened in the city center directly beneath main shopping streets. The network of parallel roads for cars and pedestrians was drilled in the rock at the depth of 30 meters. The parking facility includes two ramps, 900 visitor parking lots (expandable to 1500), six access points to the ground served by 19 elevators (expandable to nine and 25), a service facility for commercial delivery vehicles, and ubi-screens that guide the driver to the selected ground access point and help locate the parked car by its license number.

三、经济发展和规模

Oulu, Finland, is among the top cities with a free business environment. According to our city rankings, this is a good place to live with high ratings in safety, healthcare and environmental quality.

Software Engineer salaries in Oulu are below average. For this job type, Oulu ranks 139th for salaries among 265 cities.

The business policy of the City of Oulu aims at providing the companies and entrepreneurship with an operating environment that promotes the creation, operation, growth and competitiveness of companies, along with regional employment. Together with BusinessOulu, the City Board is responsible for developing and realising this policy, which is implemented in collaboration with regional business operatives. The employment policy of the City of Oulu aims at increasing the vitality and employment in the city. BusinessOulu is responsible for activities concerning municipal employment support as well as organising services for employers and employees. The employment services are produced through a multi-disciplinary model in partnership with companies, subdivisions of the city administration, and other operators, such as the third sector.

四、产业特点重点项目

While Finland and the rest of the world are preparing for 5G with all the excitement and scepticism characteristic of new technology, somewhere up in the northern city of Oulu in Finland, researchers are already testing the first blocks of 6G or sixth-generation wireless technology. Oulu has been a frontrunner of wireless technology in Finland for many years, partly due to the topic being taught and researched in the University of Oulu and a cluster of high tech companies forming around the university and its graduates.

五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)

1 Tietomaa Science Centre

Tietomaa is a science centre in Oulu, Finland. It is located in Myllytulli district near the city centre. It is the first science centre in Finland and it was opened to the public on 29 June 1988. Tietomaa is located in old buildings of the Veljekset Åström Oy, a former leather processing factory. The main exhibitions are located in the former power station. Tietomaa's 45-metre observation tower with a glass elevator outside the tower is a former water tower of the factory. Tietomaa also features a giant movie theatre, which at its opening was the first-ever purpose-built IMAX theatre in Finland and in the Nordic Countries. The IMAX system was replaced with a Barco 4K system in 2013.

2. Nallikari

Nallikari is a seaside resort located on an island in the Hietasaari district in Oulu, Finland. The resort can be reached year-round with the local bus routes 15 and 15N and during summertime with a trackless train called Potnapekka. The beach of Nallikari stretches for about half a kilometre. In addition to the beach, Nallikari resort includes a spa hotel, a camping area with rentable cottages and a seaside restaurant. A public beach was established by the city of Oulu in Nallikari in 1946. The camping area was opened in the early 1960s. There were about 40,000 total nights stayed in the camping area in the summer 2014.

3. Hupisaaret Islands

The Hupisaaret Islands City Park is a public urban park in the Myllytulli district in central Oulu, Finland. The park is located in the delta of the River Oulu. The area was built as a public park in the 1860s, the first white wooden bridges that characterize the park were also built at the time. Small brooks and waterways divide the park area into smaller and larger islands. Largest of the islands are Plaatansaari, Pakolansaari, Paratiisisaari, Kiikkusaari and Lasaretinsaari. The Hupisaaret name was previously used only for the group of numerous unnamed small islands in the northern part of the park, but later the whole park area was name after these islands. The Northern Ostrobothnia museum has been located on the Pakolansaari island in the park since 1911. The first museum building, a national romantic villa, was built in 1888, but it was destroyed in a fire in 1929. The current building designed by architect Oiva Kallio has been completed in 1930. University of Oulu Botanical Gardens were located on the Kiikkusaari island in the Hupisaaret park until 1983 before moving to the Linnanmaa campus. Nowadays the greenhouses are used by the environment department of the city.

六、历史文化

1.历史

Oulu is situated by the Gulf of Bothnia, at the mouth of river Oulujoki, which is an ancient trading site. The city proper was founded on 8 April 1605 by King Charles IX of Sweden, opposite the fort built on the island of Linnansaari. This took place after favourable peace settlements with Russia, which removed the threat of attack via the main east-west waterway, the river Oulu.[citation needed] The surrounding areas were populated much earlier. Oulu was the capital of the Province of Oulu from 1776 to 2009.

In 1822, a major fire destroyed much of the city.[citation needed] The architect Carl Ludvig Engel, chiefly known for the neoclassical (empire style) buildings around Helsinki Senate Square, was enlisted to provide the plan for its rebuilding. With minor changes, this plan remains the basis for the layout of Oulu's town center. The Oulu Cathedral was built in 1832 to his designs, with the spire being finished in 1844. During the Crimean War, Oulu's harbour was raided by the British fleet, who destroyed ships and burned tar houses, leading to international criticism.

Once known for wood tar and salmon, Oulu has evolved into a major high-tech centre, particularly in IT and wellness technology. Other prominent industries include wood refining, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, paper, and steel.[citation needed]

The municipality of Ylikiiminki was merged with the city of Oulu on 1 January 2009. Oulu and the municipalities of Haukipudas, Kiiminki, Oulunsalo, and Yli-Ii were merged on 1 January 2013.

Oulu was the site of the 2018 Oulu child sexual exploitation scandal. Prime Minister Juha Sipilä declared that “Sex crimes against children are inhumane acts of incomprehensible evil.”

 2. 文化

The best known cultural exports of the city of Oulu are the Air Guitar World Championships held annually in August, Mieskuoro Huutajat (also known as Screaming Men), the now defunct metal band Sentenced, and one of the best ice hockey teams in Europe, Oulun Kärpät.

Many artists, writers, and musicians live in the city. A variety of concerts — rock, classical, and jazz — as well as other cultural events take place each year. Examples include the Oulu Music Video Festival, the Air Guitar World Championships, and the Musixine Music Film Competition, all in August. In July, the annual rock festival Qstock takes place. The Oulu Music Festival is held in winter and the Oulunsalo Music Festival in summer. The Irish Festival of Oulu takes place each October, and the International Children's Film Festival each November.

Museums in Oulu include the Northern Ostrobothnia museum, the Oulu Museum of Art (OMA), the Tietomaa science center, and the Turkansaari open-air museum.

Notable statues and sculptures in Oulu include a sculpture of Frans Michael Franzén and The Bobby at the Market Place statue.

Kalmah is a melodic death metal-band from Oulu that formed in 1998.

七、其他信息

In 2015, the Kaleva Media printing plant in Oulu became the most powerful photovoltaic solar plant in Finland, with 1,604 solar photovoltaic (PV) units on its roof. Although the city of Oulu, located near the Arctic Circle, has only two hours of weak sunlight in December, the photovoltaic cells work almost around the clock in the summer. The cold climate means the PV panels can get up to a 25% boost per hour, as they don't overheat.

Because the sun is quite low in the sky at this latitude, vertical PV installations are popular on the sides of buildings. These solar walls also capture light reflected from snow.

Snow is not necessarily cleared from rooftop solar installations.

The local utility, Oulun Energia, is owned by the city of Oulu. The energy mix it receives from the Nordic-wide grid includes wood pellets, waste incineration, bioenergy, hydro-electric, geothermal, wind, nuclear, peat, natural gas and coal.

八、联系方式

Mayor of Oulu: Päivi Laajala （The Mayor of Oulu, Päivi Laajala and the Mayor of Strasbourg Roland Ries have answered our questions on the 'Cities4Europe - Europe for citizens' campaign.）

Street address: Oulu10, Torikatu 10

Telephone: 08 558 558 00

WhatsApp: 0400 111 001

E-mail oulu10(a)ouka.fi