Mariehamn 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-04-19

一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积

Mariehamn is the capital of the Åland Islands, an autonomous territory under Finnishsovereignty. Mariehamn is a large small town with its 11,500 inhabitants. The town centre has much to offer in a small space; you are always near shopping, restaurants, culture and experiences.

Mariehamn is situated on a narrow peninsula in between two sea bays and the harboursVästerhamn and Österhamn. You arrive to the western harbour by means of one of the great passenger ferries from Stockholm, Kapellskär, Helsinki, Turku or Tallinn. This is also the location of the guest harbour ÅSS if you arrive by your own boat. You may also choose the eastern harbour’s marina, MSF.

For a town the size of Mariehamn, the service and supply of  restaurants, hotels, bars, museums and shops, is great. With its 1,5 million tourists each year, the town feels more spacious and larger than many other towns of the same size.

Mariehamn is also called “the town of the thousand Linden trees”, referring to the Linden trees which line an avenue across town.

Mariehamn is the seat of the Government and Parliament of Åland, and 40% of the population of Åland live in the city. Like all of Åland, Mariehamn is unilinguallySwedish-speaking and around 88% of the inhabitants speak it as their native language. The population in Mariehamn is around 11775.

Population

 (2019-01-31)

 • Total 11,775

 • Rank 89th largest in Finland

 • Density 998.73/km2 (2,586.7/sq mi)

Population by age

 • 0 to 14 14.8%

 • 15 to 64 67.8%

 • 65 or older 17.4%

二、自然地理

1. 地理条件

Total 20.75 km2 (8.01 sq mi)

Land 11.79 km2 (4.55 sq mi)

Water 8.96 km2 (3.46 sq mi)

Mariehamn has a transitional climate between humid continental climate with certain maritime influence as a result of the strong maritime moderation from being an island in the Baltic Sea. This renders summers to be cooler than both the Swedish and Finnish mainlands, with winters being similar in cold to the adjacent coastal part of Sweden but milder than Finland's mainland. The coldest temperature at Mariehamn airport was -32.9 C (-27.2F) in February 1979, and the warmest temperature on record was 31.3 C (88.3F) in July 1941.

2. 交通情况

The Second World War was hard on the merchant fleet, which in addition was old and decrepit. Cautious new investments were made in the 1950s and from the 1960s the fleet was expanded and the ships rejuvenated.

Car ferry services were introduced in 1959 with the SS Viking that travelled between Galtby in Finland, Mariehamn in Åland and Gräddö in Sweden. The Viking was 99 metres long and could accommodate 88 cars.

The development of ferry traffic was explosive. At the end of the 1970s and at the beginning of the 1980s, several large car ferries were built for Ålandershipowners. The ferry tonnage has successively been expanded and rejuvenated, and the ferries have become ever larger and more luxurious.

The city is located on a peninsula. It has two important harbours, one located on the western shore and one on the eastern shore, which are ice-free for nearly the whole year, and have no tides.[8] The Western Harbour is an important international harbour with daily traffic to Sweden, Estonia and mainland Finland. A powerful incentive for Baltic ferries to stop at Mariehamn is that, with respect to indirect taxation, Åland is not part of the EU customs zone and so duty-free goods can be sold aboard. Åland and Mariehamn have a reputable heritage in shipping. The Flying P-LinerPommernmuseum ship is anchored in the Western Harbour. The Eastern Harbour features one of the largest marinas in Scandinavia. The famous Dutch steamer Jan Nieveen (now called F.P. von Knorring, after Åland teacher and vicarFrans Peter von Knorring) can also be found here.

Mariehamn Airport serves the city; it has scheduled flights on two airlines including Finnair.

三、经济发展和规模

Mariehamn has a dynamic business and workplaces with international connections. There are also a variety of cultural and leisure activities. All service is often within walking or biking distance.

The Åland Islands are an archipelago at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea belonging to Finland. Åland's economy is heavily dominated by shipping, trade and tourism. Shipping represents about 40% of the economy, with several international carriers owned and operated off Åland. Most companies aside from shipping are small, with fewer than ten employees. Farming and fishing are important in combination with the food industry. According to Eurostat, in 2006 Åland was the 20th wealthiest of the EU's 268 regions, and the wealthiest in Finland, with a GDP per inhabitant 47% above the EU mean. In 2015 it had the 34th highest regional gross domestic product (PPS of 39 700 EUR per inhabitant) of the 340 NUTS 2 regions, the second within the country after Helsinki-Uusimaa (42 400 EUR).

四、产业特点重点项目

1. Shipping

Ålander freight shipping took off in earnest after 1850. Several large shipping companies chose to settle in the new town. One example was Nikolai Sittkoff, who gave his name to the shopping precinct in the town centre. Shipping partnerships, where tens of owners shared both the risks and the profits from a ship, became common.

Initially shipping traffic was restricted to the Baltic Sea but the shipowners with farming interests built increasingly large cargo ships and the commercial routes extended to the North Sea and the Mediterranean. In 1865 the barquePreciosa sailed from Eckerö as the first Ålander ship to cross the Atlantic.

After the First World War shipping experienced a global boom. Steam ships were strongly gaining ground but the Ålandershipowners also bought up a number of deep sea sailing ships at very favourable prices.

In 1935 Gustaf Erikson’s fleet consisted of fifteen square riggers of steel, eight North Sea clippers and six motorised sailing ships. The sailing fleet to which the s/v Pommern belonged created a sensation and the big wheat regattas between Australia and England have featured in a number of different books.

2. This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.

五、风景名胜，景点

The Maritime Museum

The Åland Maritime Museum is a museum in Mariehamn in the Åland Islands, Finland. It is located in the western part of the town on the sea on Hamngatan, about 1 km at the other end of Storagatan. Along with Ålands Museum, it is the most important museum in the islands and a monument to history of Aland as the holder the world’s largest fleet of wooden sailing ships. The foremost exhibit is a four-mastedbarque named Pommern, built in Glasgow in 1903, which is anchored behind the museum. The museum designed building is built like a ship’s prow cutting into the land. It has been called the “kitsch museum of fishing and maritime commerce.”

Museum ship Pommern

Pommern, formerly Mneme, is an iron-hulled sailing ship. It is a four-mastedbarque that was built in 1903 in Glasgow, Scotland at the J. Reid & Co shipyard. Pommern is one of the Flying P-Liners, the famous sailing ships of the German shipping company F. Laeisz. In 1921 the Pommern had to be handed over to Greece as war reparation. In 1923 she was acquired by Gustaf Erikson of Mariehamn in the Finnish Åland archipelago, who used her to carry grain from the Spencer Gulf area in Australia to harbours in England or Ireland until the start of World War II. On 2 March 1925, Pommern ran aground at Port Germein, South Australia, but she was refloated and returned to service. After World War II, Pommern was donated to the town of Mariehamn as a museum ship. It is now a museum ship belonging to the Åland Maritime Museum and is anchored in western Mariehamn, Åland. A collection of photographs taken by Ordinary Seaman Peter Karney in 1933 showing dramatic pictures of life on a sailing ship rounding Cape Horn can be found in the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich.

Åland Museum

The Cultural History Museum of Åland and Åland Islands Art Museum are two museums under the same roof in Mariehamn in the Åland Islands, Finland. The building houses even other collections and staff of Ålands Museum, which was formerly the name of the Cultural History Museum, nowadays a wider roof organization for several museums - see www.museum.ax. The building is located in the eastern part of the town, about 200 metres from the harbour. Along with Åland Maritime Museum it is the most important museum in the islands. The art museum is referred to in the Swedish language as the "Konstmuseum" and in Swedish, the Cultural History Museum is often shortened to "Kulturhistoriska". The Cultural History Museum of Åland traces the history of the islands from prehistoric times up until the present day while the Art Museum houses a permanent collection of local art as well as interesting temporary exhibitions. The museum plays an inspirational place for display of culture of both Finland and Sweden. Complete history of the development of the islands, from prehistoric times onwards till date, is exhibited.

六、历史文化

1. 历史

The town was named after the Russian empress Maria Alexandrovna. Mariehamn was founded in 1861, around the village of Övernäs, in what was at the time part of the municipality of Jomala. The city has since expanded and incorporated more of Jomala territory. Mariehamn was built according to a very regular scheme which is well-preserved. One of the oldest streets is Södragatan where many wooden houses dating from the 19th century can be seen. Following the First World WarMariehamn was home to the Mariehamn Grain Fleet.

Mariehamn was founded in 1861 by Tsar Alexander II when Åland and Finland were a part of the Russian empire. The name comes from Tsarina Maria Alexandrovna.Mariehamn took over as the financial and cultural centre from Åland’s former centre of administration, Skarpans, next to the fortress at Bomarsund, which the Russians built between 1832 and 1854 but which was then destroyed at the end of the war.The new town developed around the village of Övernäs in the middle of an isthmus. The Övernässtugan at the eastern end of Skillnadsgatan is the only building from Övernäs village that has been preserved.

Mariehamn is strategically situated near the main channel between Sweden and Finland. Its location combined with its excellent harbours have played a large part in its growth as a town.

Tourism took off towards the end of the 19th century when Mariehamn was flourishing as a seaside resort. In 1914 the First World War set a stop to the tourism business and the epoch came to a definite end when the seaside hotel burned down in 1916. Now, a hundred-odd years later, Mariehamn can once again take pride in having its own public baths again – Mariebad.

Shipping has been a characteristic feature of Åland and the Ålander people. New research findings indicate that the Ålanders were probably involved in trade and commerce as early as the Viking Age. In the Middle Ages people went first and foremost to Turku and Reval in the east and Stockholm in the west.

2. 文化

The city is an important centre for Åland media; both of the local newspapers (Ålandstidningen and Nya Åland), several radio stations and the local TV channels (TV Åland and Åland24) operate out of the city. The islanders are traditionally fond of reading, and had public libraries before 1920. A printing works was established in the town in 1891. The municipal library, which was built in 1989, is one of the most interesting modern buildings.

七、其他信息

The proximity to nature and the sea makes the city an attractive place to live. Some move here for love or job skull or some have their roots here. Others are looking for a quieter everyday pace with the big cities just a few hours away.

Mariehamn features several buildings drawn by Finnish architect Lars Sonck, who moved to Åland as a child. Buildings drawn by him include the church of Mariehamn (1927), the main building of the Åland Maritime College (1927) and the town hall (1939). Hilda Hongell also designed several buildings, although only a few are still standing.

八、联系方式

Mayor of Mariehamn :Barbara Heinonen

Phone：+358 (0)18 5310

Email：info@mariehamn.ax / fornamn.efternamn@mariehamn.ax

Address: Pb 5, AX-22101  Mariehamn, Åland, Finland

Facebook: @Mariehamns.stad

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