Pietarsaari,Finland 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-02-19
一、人口，面积
Pietarsaari is a town and municipality in Ostrobothnia, Finland. The town has a population of 19,287 (31 January 2019) and covers a total area of 396.35 square kilometres with a land area of 88.31 square kilometres. The population density is 218.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (566/sq mi). Neighbour municipalities are Larsmo, Pedersöre, and Nykarleby. Pietarsaari is a bilingual city: at the end of 2018, 56.3 per cent of the population spoke Swedish and 34.7 percent Finnish.
The Swedish name of the town comes from the first name of Count Jakob De la Gardie, while the Finnish name has been Pietarsaari, formed from the name Pedersöre. Professor Lars Huldén, who studied the Finnish-Swedish nomenclature, considers it most likely that the initial form of the name Pedersöre is Petrasaari or Pedhrasaari in ancient Finland, or Peurasaari in modern Finnish. In colloquial language, the common name for the city is Jeppis.
二、自然地理
1.地理条件
Pietarsaari consists of a peninsula bounded on the west by the brackish water of the Gulf of Bothnia, on the east by the mouths of the Ähtäväjoki and Purmonjoki rivers and on the freshwater basin of Lake Luodonjärvi. The neighboring municipalities of Pietarsaari are Luoto, the municipality of Pedersöre, and Uusikaarlepyy. In addition to these, the Pietarsaari region also includes Kruunupyy. The nearest large cities are Kokkola in the northeast and Vaasa in the southwest.
Due to the evenness of the topography, there are many bogs in Pietarsaari, especially in Fäboda and Pörkenäs. The bogs are mainly drained and are becoming forest land. City-owned forests contain about 50% pine, 30% spruce and 20% deciduous trees. The forests in the area differ significantly from the corresponding distribution in the whole country (pine 32%, spruce 56%, and deciduous trees 12%). Intensive forestry based on artificial reforestation has made the forests of Pietarsaari one-sided.
2. 交通情况
The National Road 68 gives an 11 kilometre connection from Pietarsaari Harbor to Highway 8. Seututie 741 runs from Lappajärvi to Pietarsaari in the following municipalities: Lappajärvi - Kauhava - Pedersöre municipality - Pietarsaari. Regional road 749 runs from Uusikaarlepyy to Pietarsaari and further through the Luoto archipelago to Kokkola.
There are two bus companies in Pietarsaari, Haldin & Rose and Ekmans Bussar. The Vippari service line, which picks up customers by order from home, has been operating in Pietarsaari since 1998. The service began as a three-year EU project to test a computer program that transmits calls to bus traffic. Since then, the program and the paging system were put into permanent use by the city.
About 10 kilometers southeast of Pietarsaari, in the municipality of Pedersöre, is the Pännäinen railway station. There is a bus connection from Pietarsaari Bus Station to Pännäinen Station. The Pietarsaari line starting from the station is part of the Ostrobothnian line of the Finnish network. It runs from Pännäinen to Pietarsaari and further to Alholma. The line section has only freight traffic. The electrification of the section was completed in 2017.
Kokkola-Pietarsaari (Jakobstad) Airport is located in Kruunupyy, about 30 kilometers northeast of the center of Pietarsaari.
Pietarsaari's traffic safety was the weakest in Finland in 2009 when looking at the risk of injury in traffic.
三、经济发展和规模
There are 3,000 companies in the Pietarsaari region, of which just over 1,200 are in Pietarsaari city area. The city's geographical location, road, rail and air connections, as well as the port, offer good conditions for business. The city has companies from all walks of life, many of which export their products and services abroad. Pietarsaari 's job self-sufficiency of 130.8 percent is one of the highest in Finland. In October 2018, it was reported that unemployment in Pietarsaari had decreased in all age groups. In August 2018, the city was just over 7 percent unemployed.
UPM-Kymmene's paper and pulp mill.
四、产业特点重点项目
Pietarsaari is an industry-led municipality, as of 2016, 35.8 percent of the labor force worked in processing, while the processing industry as a whole accounted for 20.7 percent of the labor force. 62.3 percent of the labor force worked in the service sector in Pietarsaari and 1.0 percent in primary production. According to the city website, the municipality's largest employers are the city itself, the food company Snellman, UPM-Kymmene, BillerudKorsnäs, Nautor, Baltic Yachts, Walki, Beamex and OSTP.
Snellman is headquartered in Pietarsaari and employs about 700 people. UPM-Kymmene's Pietarsaari mill area has a concentration of the bio-forestry industry and includes ten pulp mills. Pietarsaari still has significant boat manufacturing, the largest of which is Nautor, which manufactures Swan boats. Most of the company's sailboats are exported. Baltic Yachts, on the other hand, manufactures luxury yachts, including the world's largest composite sailboat, Heteiros. Other major employers are OSTP (formerly Jaro), which manufactures stainless steel products, and Walki, which manufactures packaging materials. Beamex, on the other hand, specializes in process instrument calibration technology.
Pietarsaari has a wide range of accommodations. There are hotels and other accommodation options in the city. Stockmann had a department store in Pietarsaari from 1967 to 1982. In 1969, regular ferry services began between Pietarsaari and Skellefteå, which lasted until 1998.
Some companies that were shut down in St. Petersburg were the chicory factory owned by Schauman, the tobacco factory in Strengberg and the ice cream manufacturer Sun Ice. These companies were bought out and run down during the recession of the 1990s. The tobacco factory was founded in 1762. In 1842, its ownership passed to Philip Ulric Strengberg and Victor L. Schauman. At its best in the early 20th century, the factory had more than a thousand employees. The old buildings of the tobacco factory are the largest in the center and the new town hall is located in one of these buildings. The round “bell ball” of the tobacco factory is one of the symbols of the city. It is the one of the Nordic countries largest clocks.
The port of Pietarsaari is an export and an import port with an annual goods flow of over two million tons. The port operator in the Port of Pietarsaari is Euroports Pietarsaari Oy. The main products passing through the port are cellulose, lumber, paper, cement and lye.
五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)
Old Harbour
Gamla hamn (The old harbour) and Kittholmen are situated about a kilometre from the town centre. The harbour of Pietarsaari was located here until the mid-19th century, with a thriving industry around the important maritime trade. Today the old harbour area is primarily a popular recreational area with a beach, beautiful forest, small boat marina, and with history present in the red painted traditional boat houses and The Shipyard with the galeas Jacobstads Wapen and the war indemnity schooner Vega.
The war indemnity vessel Vega is a three-masted schooner, built in wood and rigged as a schooner ship, which in 1952 was delivered to the Soviet Union as part of the heavy war reparation claim, which was imposed on Finland as a condition for peace. 20% of the reparations consisted of a total of more than 500 newly built vessels, of which 91 were 300-tonne schooners.
Arctic Museum Nanoq
The Arctic Museum Nanoq was inaugurated in June 1991 and is the first Arctic museum in Europe to display the Arctic and Antarctica, as well as surrounding areas. During the 28 years that the museum has been in existence, it has grown to become a vibrant Arctic cultural centre, which is visited annually by thousands of guests from all over the world. The museum is also a tribute to the cultures of the last Arctic peoples. In 2005, Nanoq was chosen as the most interesting tourist destination in Finland.
The museum’s name Nanoq comes from Greenlandic and means polar bear. At Nanoq you can get acquainted with Arctic peoples, cultures and customs, and hear exciting stories from famous expeditions to the North and South Pole. In the area you can also go into different buildings that all have their own story to tell. In the main building we have a library where you can enjoy an interesting book.
Pedersöre Church
Pedersöre Church is a medieval stone church, which, despite its name, is located in the town of Pietarsaari and not in the municipality of Pedersöre. The church is one of the oldest in Ostrobothnia. The first wooden church was built on the site as early as the late 13th century. The Wooden Church period lasted more than 200 years and there was probably more than one. The stone church was probably built between 1510 and 1520.
Pedersöre Church was converted into a cruciform church between 1787 and 1795, and the construction work was led by the well-known church builder Jacob Rijf. Prior to the conversion work, the church was a single-nave west-towered greystone church vaulted against corner-profiled pilasters. The belfry was also built at the same time. The base layer of the Ostrobothnian belfry is made of stone. One of Tapuli's bells dates from 1488. Probably the bell cast in Tallinn was originally in Turku Cathedral, from which Jacob de la Gardiehad acquired it in 1615 and donated it to the church of Pedersöre, which had been its county. The church was burned badly in 1985.
六、历史文化
At the beginning of the era, the area of present-day Pietarsaari was still completely covered with water, and it was not until the eighth century that the first points began to rise above sea level. The first areas to rise from the sea are in Myllymäki, the Pietarsaari gymnasium area and Kirkkoranta on Käräjätalonkatu. The Pietarsaari region joined the mainland in the 16th century.
On 19 June 1652, Queen Kristiina of Sweden authorized Count Jakob De la Gardie to establish a new town in the parish of Pedersöre. However, the Count soon died, and his widow Ebba Brahe founded the city on October 27, 1652. The coat of arms of Pietarsaari is derived from the family coat of arms of De la Gardie.
During the Great War, Russian soldiers conquered the city twice and burned it to the ground. The majority of the city’s residents fled across the Kvarken to Sweden, forests or the archipelago. Many were taken prisoner and some were killed. In the 1720s, some of the city’s former residents made a return to their homes and a new population moved to the city.
In 1810, the population of Pietarsaari was less than 1,100. During the Finnish War of 1808–1809, both Russian and Swedish forces marched through the city. In the night between the second and third days of September 1835, the city burned from the South Customs to the City Strait. A total of 73 of the city's 275 built-up plots were destroyed in the fire. The Crimean War interrupted the economic development of Pietarsaari in the 19th century. Russia and some merchant ships were embargoed, and the Pietarsaari merchant fleet was reduced by a third. Despite the demolition of the naval signs, the English found Pietarsaari and fired on the city with cannons.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Pietarsaari became industrialized. Several small companies and large factories were established in the city, such as Strengberg, Pietarsaari Konepaja and Schauman. Municipal services also expanded and many public buildings were built in the city. Pietarsaari received an electricity plant, a city sauna, a fire brigade, Malmi Hospital and a maternity hospital.
Pietarsaari celebrated its 350th anniversary in 2002. In the 21st century, industrial jobs have mostly disappeared from the Pietarsaari region. New industries have replaced discontinued industries, and many of those made redundant have found new employment, including many in the service sector.
七、其他信息
Pietarsaari was the first in Ostrobothnia Region to get its own radio station and among the first in Finland. The station began broadcasting on May 7, 1926, and was established with funds raised by the Central Ostrobothnia Radio Association. In 1934, YLE bought the status of the Pietarsaari local radio association.
八、联系方式
Town Mayor: Kristina Stenman
Website: https://www.jakobstad.fi/
kristina.stenman@jakobstad.fi
044 785 1411