Hamina,Finland 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-02-18

一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积

Hamina (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhɑminɑ]; Swedish: Fredrikshamn [freːdrɪksˈhamːn], Finland Swedish: [freːdriksˈhɑmn] (listen)) is a town and a municipality of Finland. The municipality's population is 20,280 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,155.14 square kilometres (446.00 sq mi), of which 545.66 km2 (210.68 sq mi) is water. The population density is 33.27 inhabitants per square kilometre (86.2/sq mi). The population of the central town is approximately 10,000. Hamina is unilingually Finnish speaking.

二、自然地理

1.地理条件

Hamina is located approximately 145 km (90 mi) east of the country's capital Helsinki, in the Kymenlaakso region, and formerly the province of Southern Finland. Hamina’s neighborhoods includes: Tervasaari, Alakaupunki, Saviniemi, Meltti, and so on.

Hamina is located on the coast of Gulf of Finland. The E18 road runs through Hamina and further to St Petersburg in Russia via Vaalimaa. The distance to the Russian border is 40 kilometres.

Hamina has a long and colourful history. A busy trading place was originally created beside the sea, at a crossroads of boating routes and the great coastal road, in the Middle Ages. This place was referred to in documents as Vehkalahti as early as 1336. The town of Hamina was established at a node of good means of communications and international trade in 1653.

For the local residents and businesses, Hamina is a service-minded and modern home town close to the natural environment, offering opportunities for welfare and development on the eastern border of the European Union.

2. 交通情况

Valtatie 7 is the town's road connection to Helsinki, after it was upgraded to a continuous motorway in September 2014. Hamina is also one of the most important harbors of Finland, the Port of Hamina-Kotka. The port specializes in forest products and transit cargo to Russia. One of Google's five European data centers is situated in Hamina.

三、经济发展和规模

In Hamina runs well over 1 000 enterprises. Municipal tax rate‎ is at ‎20%.

The town of Hamina creates invigorating, open-minded and future in sight atmosphere for entrepreneurship. Hamina locates on the E18-highway and near the Russian border providing excellent possibilities for developing and successful businesses.

Besides logistics and industry in Hamina, traveling is also growing and actively developing sector. Naturally the sea has an important role for building and developing the town and industries.

The Town of Hamina creates an inspiring, open-minded and forward-looking atmosphere for businesses. The location of Hamina along the E18 highway and close to the Russian border creates excellent opportunities for developing a successful business. Hamina has land available at the port and in industrial areas plus business premises in prime locations in the centre.

The sea has naturally played a crucial role in the emergence and development of Hamina and its businesses. The sea will continue to be a major contributor in the future also. The Port of HaminaKotka, the biggest seaport in Finland, is located in the areas of the towns of Hamina and Kotka. The port offers regular connections to all major European seaports and thereby to the other parts of the world. The framework for the operation of companies is also created by Hamina Energy, which offers versatile energy and data transmission services and focuses on renewable forms of energy.

In addition to logistics and manufacturing industries, tourism is a growing sector subject to active development. Moreover, the study quantifies that, since 2009, Google’s EUR 800 million investment in its data centre in Hamina has created on average 1,600 jobs annually, and yielded an economic contribution of EUR 660 million to Finland.

In the Town of Hamina we have many companies that are partly or entirely owned by Hamina and own public utilities. These provides municipality´s statutory services and also creates operation prerequisites for businesses located in Hamina.

Port of HaminaKotka, Finland’s biggest universal port, serves as an important hub in Europe and in the Baltic Sea region and that way to all parts of the world. Haminan Vesi (in Finnish) provides operation area´s water supply- and sanitation services. Haminan Energia Oy (in Finnish) provides versatile energy- and network connectivity service.

Hamina provides our entrepreneurs outstanding working environment: adaptive and fast traffic communications, strong clusters, lively local economic life and economical sites. In Hamina you benefit at the same time from little towns flexibility and opportunities provided nearby metropolitan area.

四、产业特点重点项目

From paper mill to data center

One of those four centres is in the Finnish city of Hamina, in the premises of a former paper mill. The voices of the Kotka-Hamina region in the video are Harri Eela and Jouni Eho, representing the local development company Cursor that in 2009 helped Google with the location process in Finland. “I’m very pleased for this opportunity. Google’s influence on our economy is remarkable and I’m happy that Google wants to tell the stories of its data centres from the local perspective”, says sales director Harri Eela from the Kotka-Hamina regional development company Cursor.

In March 2009, Google purchased the Summa Mill from the Finnish paper company Stora Enso in order to convert it to a data center. In the first phase of the project, which was completed in September 2011, Google invested an initial €200 million. During this phase, more than 2,000 individuals from 50 different companies contributed to the project, including many local Finnish companies.

Google continued to invest in Hamina over the years, with plans to invest another €600 million in 2020, bringing the total investment by Google to €2 billion. Our investments will support approximately 4,300 jobs in Finland per year on average.

In addition to being a significant driver of economic growth and opportunity, Hamina data center serves as a model of sustainability and energy efficiency for all of our data centers. Our technologically advanced cooling system, which uses seawater from the Bay of Finland, reduces energy use and was the first of its kind anywhere in the world.

五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)

1. Hamina Fortress

Hamina Fortress is located in Finland on the coast of the Gulf of Finland and it is an integral part of the Hamina city centre. Hamina fortress is a Star fort, representing the Renaissance ideal city embodied by Palmanova city in northeastern Italy. At the beginning of the 19th century Hamina fortress one of the many fortresses that were reinforced as part of the South-Eastern Finland fortification system. Dutch-born general Jan Pieter van Suchtelen considered the fortress obsolescent and inadequate, so the north-facing defences on the shore of Kirkkojärvi lake were demolished and replaced with a new large masonry bastion according with Caponier system in 1803.

After the border between Russia and Sweden moved westwards to Torne River from Kymi River as result of the Finnish War, the fortress was abandoned in the 1830s and the Tsar Nicholas I gave the fortress area to Hamina town. Simultaneously the position of the commander of the fortress was dissolved.[4] 

Hamina fortress saw action again in the Crimean War. The fortress was reinforced and the position of the fortress commander was re-established for the duration of the war.

The restoration of the fortress began in 1957 and since the 1980s Finnish National Board of Antiquities has been responsible for the renovating the fortress structures. Much of the fortress remains to this day, and it is used as a venue for different events. Perhaps the most notable is the Hamina Tattoo, an international military music event held bi-annually in Hamina. Parts of the fortress are still in military use, as the Finnish Reserve Officer School is located in the fortress.

 2. Vehkalahti Mary’s Church

The Vehkalahti church (now known as St. Mary's church, or Marian kirkko in Finnish) was built in the 14th century at the place where the town of Hamina is now. St. Mary's is a diverse and vibrant faith community that believes and professes the Gospel of Jesus Christ in the living tradition of the Catholic Church. Our mission is to form loving disciples who will transform the world.

3. Haminan Lippumaailma

Haminan Lippumaailma (means Hamina's Flag World) is a park and exhibition complex focusing on flagging and flagging history.

4. Tervasaari harbor

The sea has always been an important part of Hamina.Generation after generation, people have set out to seafrom Hamina, and people have returned there enriched by new experiences. Just a short walk from the town centre, Tervasaari with its beach, summer restaurants and events is the most attractive meeting place of Hamina in the summer. The Tervasaari harbour provides a route to the stunning archipelago of the Gulf of Finland.

六、历史文化

1.历史

Vehkalahti county was mentioned in documents for the first time in 1336. At the proposal of Count Peter Brahe, the area surrounding the Vehkalahti church (nowadays St. Mary's Church) was separated from rest of Vehkalahti in 1653 and became a town called Vehkalahden Uusikaupunki (Veckelax Nystad in Swedish, "Newtown of Vehkalahti"). The town was destroyed during the Great Northern War in 1712.

Plan of the Fredrikshamn fortress town (1723) by Axel Löwen

As the important foreign trade town of Vyborg was surrendered to Russia in 1721, this town (newly renamed in honour of the King Frederick I of Sweden in 1723) was intended to replace it. The town, hitherto a small domestic trade port with restricted trade, was granted extensive privileges, including foreign trade. Finnish people soon shortened the name to Hamina. The rebuilding of the town took place in 1722–1724. The star-shaped fortress and the circular town plan, designed by Axel Löwen, are based on Central European and Italian Renaissance fortress concepts from the 16th century.[8] Fortress towns like this are quite rare; other examples are Palmanova in Italy and Neubreisach in France.[10] 

In 1743, Hamina was surrendered to Russia, after the Russo–Swedish War, 1741–1743, and the town of Loviisa was the next Swedish candidate for an Eastern-Finnish trade center. Hamina became a Russian frontier town, for which a fortress was desirable.

The Treaty of Fredrikshamn (1809), by which Sweden ceded Finland, including parts of the province of Lappland and the Åland Islands, was signed in Hamina. Thus Sweden was split, and the eastern half, along with previously conquered territories including Hamina (Old Finland), was formed into the Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous part of the Russian Empire.

Hamina Cadet School was founded in 1819 and was in operation until 1903. In 1920 the Reserve Officer School began in the same facilities.

Because the town was founded next to the Vehkalahti Church, the municipal center had always been inside the town borders. Vehkalahti and Hamina were consolidated in 2003, and the old coat of arms was replaced with Vehkalahti's coat of arms. The old coat of arms was readopted in January 2013.

2. 文化

Cultural activities in Hamina include Hamina Threatre, active cultural associations, the biennial Hamina Tattoo event and the different activities organised at Hamina Bastion.

Hamina Fortress: Built in the 18th century, it is one of the star forts in Finland. The corners of the fortress form six bastions, named after towns in Finland. The Central Bastion was added at the end of the 18th century, and is currently used for cultural events.

Hamina offers a setting for relaxed leisure time with active pastimes or simply enjoying the tranquillity of the natural environment.

Physical exercise, wildlife and skiing trips, theatre, art and events ― everyone is sure to find their own thing. Numerous associations and an open college provide the local people with active recreational opportunities. Children and adolescents interested in self-expression are offered goal-oriented basic education in music, circus arts, theatre, visual arts and crafts.

In winter, people into outdoor activities head for the Uuperinrinteet skiing slopes. When the summer comes, clean beaches and nature trails beckon people of all ages. The local fishing opportunities, both at sea and on the numerous lakes and rivers of Hamina, are excellent. The foremost sports in Hamina are pesäpallo, the national game of Finland, and also football, ice hockey, figure skating,

七、其他信息

Hamina is best known for its unique circular station plan, RUK, and the international military music festival, Hamina Tattoo.

Hamina has always been a city of encounters. Here the land and the sea meet, intertwining in the snow in winter, in the summer the waves and storms pamper the beach sand and the rocky shores of the archipelago. Here you will encounter the unique history of the circular city and the beautiful countryside. Here you will meet happy people - on the sunny streets and festivals of the summer day, on hiking trails in the peace of nature, in the atmospheric events of autumn and dusk.

八、联系方式

Mayor of Hamina: Hannu Muhonen（For over a decade, cooperation between Google and the City of Hamina has worked very well,” said Hannu Muhonen, Mayor of Hamina, in an interview with YLE.）

Address: Puistokatu 2, FI-49400 Hamina, PB 70, FI-49401 Hamina
Website: www.hamina.fi

Phone number: +358 5 749 2500
Email: asiakaspalvelu@hamina.fi