Fiskars, Finland 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-02-08

一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积

Fiskars is a part of the town of Raseborg, in western Uusimaa, Finland. The village is the site of the former Fiskars Bruk, which was founded in 1649 and gave rise to the company Fiskars.  

The most notable architectural attraction of Fiskars is a mansion designed in 1818 by Italian-born architect Charles Bassi. The village, which has less than 1000 inhabitants, is a popular tourist destination in summer, and hosts an artisan and artist community. The river Fiskarså (Swedish), Fiskarinjoki or Fiskarsinjoki (Finnish) has contributed to the industrialisation of the village.

Nowadays, the factory is a lively centre of Finnish art and design. There are about 600 people living in the factory area and it is very popular among artists, artisans and designers. Especially in summer, the Fiskars Bruk is a popular tourist destination. Also in winter, various exhibitions and conference, accommodation and restaurant services, as well as workshops and shops provide things to see and experience. In 2019, the village launched a new festival, the Fiskars Village Art & Design Biennale. Several leading Finnish designers and design brands are based in Fiskars Village, including Kim Simonsson, Karin Widnas, Nikari and Feathr.

二、自然地理

1.地理条件

Fiskars include 15,000 hectares (37,000 acres) of land and forests and the maintenance of several properties. FiskarsVillage(GPS address:Fiskari [60°7'48"N, 23°32'40"E]) is located in a beautiful river valley, surrounded by lakes, forests and cultural landscapes. Nature trails can be enjoyed by walking or on a mountain bike that can be rented from the Fiskars Village Trail center. Mountain bike trails covers almost 70 kilometers and some interesting walks include the tree spotting path introducing 23 different species found in the area.

2. 交通情况

Fiskars Village is situated 90 km west of Helsinki and can be reached by car, taxi, and public transportation,such as buses and trains. Bus services include Ekenäs (Raseborg; €7.40, 50 minutes, eight daily) and Helsinki (€18.70, 1¾ hours, three daily).

Public Transit information can be found on the websites below:

www.amper.fi
       www.vr.fi
       www.matkahuolto.fi

三、经济发展和规模

There are over 30 businesses in the Village, especially renowned for the local handicrafts and high-quality Finnish design. In summer, candles made on-site, local furniture, gift items and the creations of leather and textile artists, ceramic artists, goldsmiths, silversmiths and many more craftspeople feature alongside

Fiskars Valuation Measures:

四、产业特点重点项目

In the late decades of the last century the company’s development followed the general trends of the economy. Fiskars survived the recession of the early twentieth century thanks to its forest and agriculture, which fuelled a favorable financial development that lasted until the beginning of World War I. After the war the prospect looked bleak for heavy steel industry in Finland.

The financial development of the company during the years between the two world wars was unstable as it followed the general instability of the Finnish economy. Through successful investments and acquisitions of other companies the company’s finances were in excellent shape again by the end of the 1930s, when World War II put an end to a period of profitable development in Finland’s economy. During the war, the Fiskars production units were working at full capacity. Getting orders was not a problem, but practically everything else, such as raw materials, fuel, and labor, was in short supply.

The post-WWII problems in Finland, such as war indemnity, finding homes for the displaced people from Carelia, and the regulation economy caused difficulties for both Fiskars Village and the company.Throughout the period from the 1920s and into the 1960s, Fiskars purchased several works and companies in the steel business.

Some of the changes and reorganizations carried out in the 1950s were to increase the profits from the company’s forests through the acquisition of other companies, and the construction of forest roads, the latter of which made it possible to fell older forests. The network of forest roads still exists.

In the late decades of the last century the company’s development followed the general trends of the economy. In the 1970s, the international oil crisis caused problems for the economy and industry in Finland, after which the rapid economic growth of the 1980s ended abruptly at the start of the 1990s. At the end of the twentieth century Fiskars was a multi-branch company which, in addition to its stake in the metal industry, was involved in the manufacture of cranes, flagpoles, and electronic goods, among other things. The focus on consumer goods and a big step towards becoming more international came with the founding of a scissor-manufacturing plant in the United States of America in 1977, and the subsidiary Fiskars Brands, Inc. in 1984.

Fiskars Group (also known as FiskarsOyjAbp or Fiskars Corporation, and until 1998 as FiskarsOyAb) is a Finnish group company. The company has its roots in the village of Fiskars (in the town of Raseborg, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Helsinki), where it was founded in 1649. The oldest business still operating in Finland, the global headquarters are in the Arabianranta district of Helsinki. It is one of the oldest companies in the world.

The company has operated in various sectors over the decades. Fiskars was formerly best known for its orange-handled scissors, created in 1967. More than one billion were sold by 2010. In 2019, its products related to the home, outdoor activities, interior decoration and table setting. Its key brands today include Fiskars, Iittala, Royal Copenhagen, Wedgwood and Waterford.

The Finnish marketing magazine Markkinointi&Mainonta, found Fiskars' brands are regularly among Finland's most valued brands. Fiskars’ products are available in more than 100 countries. Fiskars headquarters are located at Fiskars Campus in the Arabianranta district of Helsinki.

In 2017, Fiskars celebrated Finland's centenary by donating the historically valuable Dagmar park in Källviken to Metsähallitus for a hundred years. The nominal annual rent for the area of approximately 40 hectares (99 acres) is one euro. The area includes natural forests, natural sandy beaches, cliffs, sea and the Dagmar fountain. On the initiative of Fiskars, the area became an official nature conservation area.

In 2019, Fiskars began selling used Iittala and Arabia tableware in its own stores. Dishes unsuitable for sale are sent for recycling and reuse, for example, as material for the construction industry, as brick powder or as insulation material. Used ceramic and glass dishes by other manufacturers can also be brought to the stores for recycling.

五、风景 名 胜( attractions)

1. Fiskars museum

The Fiskars Museum preserves and explores the Ironworks culture from the 17th century to the present day, and presents the past to visitors in the form of stories, exhibitions and workshops. The museum area in the Fiskars Upper Works includes the Museum’s main building, where exhibitions and the museum shop are located, as well as the Slaggbyggnaden, which hosts a summer cafe and workshops like baking in a traditional way. In the museum you can see permanent and temporary exhibitions such as traditional Fiskars Ironworks Christmas celebrations or the role of working horses in the Ironworks. The museum organizes a program for groups and schoolchildren, as well as educational tours where you can take part in past activities. The museum has an archive of local history.

Åkerraden 9, Fiskars, ☏+358 19 237013, ✉info@fiskarsmuseum.fi. daily 11:00-17:00. The museum shows life at the Fiskars Ironworks from the 17th century to present days. Adult €5, Discount €3, Under 17 years free.

2. Fiskars 1649 exhibition

The Fiskars 1649 exhibition is an introduction to the village's industrial history and to Fiskars Corporation today. The exhibition is located next to Fiskars shop / Iittala Outlet.

Fiskarsvägen 22, Fiskars (12 Clock Tower Building). 3 May to 30 Sep daily 10:00–18:00, other times daily 11:00–17:00. The themes of the exhibition are the village's industrial history and to Fiskars Corporation today. Free entrance.

六、历史文化

In the seventeenth century, the parish of Pohja (Pojo in Swedish) became the center of iron manufacturing in Finland: the ironworks in Antskog were founded in 1630, the following year saw the founding of the Billnäs ironworks, and Fiskars joined the group in 1649. Not far off was Mustio (Svartå) ironworks which had been founded in 1616, and the Fagervik ironworks, founded in 1646. Even though the iron ore used at Fiskars, for instance, was mostly transported from the mine at Utö in the Stockholm archipelago, it was still financially viable to build the ironworks in Finland. The parish of Pohja had natural water power that could be harnessed, and plenty of woods to provide the raw material for charcoal, which meant the Crown could spare the forests of Bergslagen in Sweden. Furthermore, Pohjankuru (Skuru) provided a suitable port.
Most of the pig iron manufactured at Fiskars was exported back to Sweden, to the Järntorget Iron Market in Stockholm’s Old Town, but some of the iron was used to make nails, wire, knives, hoes, and iron bands to reinforce cartwheels. The ironworks also made cast-iron products, such as pots and frying pans.
The skills required to manufacture iron were not available locally. As early as the 1640s Thorwöste received permission to acquire skilled workers from abroad, not just from Sweden but also from Germany and the Netherlands.

In the eighteenth century, years of famine and almost ten years of the Russian occupation of Finland – a period known as the Great Wrath – also affected Fiskars. Nearby was a center of Russian civilian and military administration, and in 1713 the ironworks at Fiskars and Antskog were plundered and wrecked by the Russians. In 1731, the Fiskars ironworks was purchased by John Montgomerie. More foreigners were hired to work at the ironworks and in those days the list of employees included names such as ClasPijra, Michel Gilliam and Jean Dardanell. By 1740, some 115 people lived in Fiskars Village.
Fiskars had yet another set of new owners when Robert Finlay and John Jennings bought the ironworks in the 1750s. Jennings soon relinquished his share, but Finlay kept the ironworks going and branched out into refining copper, which had been found at Orijärvi in Kisko. However, Robert Finlay’s ironworks ended in bankruptcy in 1771, and the ironworks was taken over by B.M. Björkman of Stockholm. Another war was fought between Sweden and Russia during 1808 and 1809, which in 1809 resulted in Finland becoming an autonomous Grand Duchy under the Russian Crown, and new laws then required foreign owners of land or industry to be resident in Finland. To comply with the new law, Björkman’s son moved to Fiskars, but he was a young man in his twenties whose liking for the fast life led to the ironworks being sold to Johan (John) Julin in 1822.

An important period in the history of Fiskars began in 1822 when it was bought by Johan Julin (1787-1853). Under Julin, work at the ironworks focused on refining iron. Julin owned a pharmacy in Turku (Åbo), had traveled often, and was a progressive man who had Finland’s first fine forging workshop built at Fiskars in 1832, and followed it with the country’s first machine workshop in 1837. Among other things, the machine workshop manufactured the mechanical structures for the Saimaa Canal, and the Fiskars foundry supplied ninety cast-iron columns and the large water-wheel for the Finlayson cotton mill in Tampere.
While developing the industry at Fiskars, Julin also improved the farming and forestry around the ironworks village. Farming at Fiskars included keeping cattle until 1970, when there were still 104 descendants of the Ayrshire cattle that Julin had purchased in his day.

Fiskars plows contributed to the development of Finnish agriculture. After studying the design of imported plowshares, Fiskars developed new shapes that were better suited to the Finnish soil. At the end of the nineteenth century, the range included more than forty different plows. Over the years more than a million horse-drawn plows were manufactured at Fiskars.

Fiskars Village was ahead of its time in both healthcare and education. As early as 1860 the ironworks village had its own doctor. In 1892, a hospital with ten beds was inaugurated. In 1826, Julin had a school built (now the oldest part of the Clock Tower Building), and from 1833 the school followed the progressive teachings of the Bell-Lancaster system. For the people living in Fiskars Village, various associations offered a lively choice of leisure time activities, ranging from sports to music and the volunteer fire service.

The growth of the flourishing ironworks village attests to Julin’s hard work and vision: in 1818 there were 196 villagers, in 1823 there were 253, and in 1852 the number had increased to 661, 156 of whom worked at the ironworks. If all the institutions and land owned by Fiskars are included, the number of employees rises to 425 (and the total number of inhabitants to 1,384).

Julin was ennobled in 1849 and changed his name to John von Julin. For his motto he chose, surprisingly, the Finnish Toimi, TotuusjaToivo which translates roughly as Enterprise, Truth, and Hope.
At Julin’s death in 1853 the ironworks was run by a guardianship administration, and in 1883 the Fiskars limited liability company was founded. Within the limited company, the ironworks also became part of a bigger whole, which also influenced its later development.

七、其他信息

Ski jumper YrjöKivivirta and geobotanist and geographer RagnarHult were born in Fiskars. In 1966, the first World Orienteering Championships were held in Fiskars. The village of Fiskars developed around the ironworks founded by German-born PetterThorwöste in 1649. The ironworks also produced copper. In 1822, John Jacob von Julin bought the ironworks and founded a fine production facility in 1830 and Finland's first workshop in 1836. The development of the industrial community was fast, and the factories and workshops produced utility items from scissors and puukko knives to ploughs and power transmission devices. To transport the products, a narrow-gauge railroad from Fiskars to the Pohjankuruharbour was in use from 1891 to 1952. The history of the Fiskarscompany begins from the Fiskars Bruk, but the company no longer has active factories in the village.

During the seventeenth century a number of ironworks were founded in Finland. The large tracts of forestland in the Pohja region along with its unharnessed water power and good water routes made it an ideal centre for the Finnish iron industry. The ironworks at Antskog were founded around 1630, and Billnäs followed in 1641. Fiskars was started in 1649, and today is one of the oldest businesses in the western world.

The most notable architectural attraction of Fiskars is a mansion designed in 1818 by Italian-born architect Charles Bassi. The village, which has less than 1000 inhabitants, is a popular tourist destination in summer, and hosts an artisan and artist community. The river Fiskarså (Swedish), Fiskarinjoki or Fiskarsinjoki (Finnish) has contributed to the industrialisation of the village.

Nowadays, the factory is a lively centre of Finnish art and design. There are about 600 people living in the factory area and it is very popular among artists, artisans and designers. Especially in summer, the Fiskars Bruk is a popular tourist destination. Also in winter, various exhibitions and conference, accommodation and restaurant services, as well as workshops and shops provide things to see and experience. In 2019, the village launched a new festival, the Fiskars Village Art & Design Biennale. Several leading Finnish designers and design brands are based in Fiskars Village, including Kim Simonsson, Karin Widnas, Nikari and Feathr.

八、联系方式

Fiskars Group Current CEO：JaanaTuominen

Important leader: Johan von Julin (1822–1853)

Address：Peltorivi 1Raseborg, Finland

Website：http://www.fiskarsvillage.fi

Email：fiskars.info@fiskars.fi

Facebook：@FiskarsVillage

Instagram：fiskars_village

Twitter：@FiskarsVillage

Phone: +358 20 4392099

Chinese information: https://web.archive.org/web/20170804020408/http://www.fiskarsvillage.fi/chn