Léogeats, Gironde, Nouvelle-Aquitaine 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-09-25
I.Population and Area
Total Area: 19, 61 km2
Population in 2017: 805
Population Density: 41 /km2
Histogram of demographic change
II.Natural Geography (environment and resources)
Léogeats is a town in southwestern France, located in the Gironde department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
Geography:
At the southwestern end of the canton of Langon, watered by the Moulin and Loujat streams and located on the right bank of the Ciron, the village of Léogeats is made up of various large hamlets, Le Bourg, Brouquet, La Bernède, Cameillac , The Citadel, La Herrade, Laulan, Les Levrauts.
The town is located, by road, 46 km south-east of Bordeaux, capital of the department, 12 km south-west of Langon, capital of the district and canton.
The neighboring municipalities are Sauternes to the north, Fargues to the northeast for just over a kilometer, Roaillan to the east, Le Nizan to the southeast, in quadripoint (point on the surface of the Earth where four different borders meet), Noaillan to the south, Balizac to the west also for just over a kilometer and Budos to the north-west.
Communication routes and transport:
The municipal territory is crossed by the departmental road D 8 which leads to Langon via Fargues to the north and to Villandraut via Noaillan to the south. The small departmental road D 8e5 which begins on this D 8 leads west to the village and continues north and the Sauternes vineyards.
The nearest access to the A62 (Bordeaux-Toulouse) motorway is number 3, known as Langon, 12 km to the north-east.
Access No. 1, known as de Bazas, to the A65 motorway (Langon-Pau) is 17 km to the south-east.
The nearest SNCF station is the one, 13 km to the north-east, of Langon on the Bordeaux-Sète of the TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
III.Economy
Employment rate (%): 79.8 (2017)
Average income per family (€):2 101 net per month (25 212 net per year)（2018）
Evolution of average monthly net wages per family
Sources : http://www.journaldunet.com/business/salaire/leogeats/ville-33237
https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=COM-33237
IV.Industrial Characterisitics
The Coteau du Tucau produces an excellent wine of the Graves appellation, red and white.
At the end of the nineteenth century many trades, artisans and businesses still existed in the village: shepherd, butcher, baker, cafeteria, charcoal, butcher, carpenter, wheelwright, hairdresser, grocer, watchmaker, plowman, milkman, cattle dealer, marshal- blacksmith, carpenter, miller (Ruisseau du Moulin), muleteer, resin maker, clog maker.
There were thus in Léogeats in 1898 no less than eight clog makers, seven bistros, five grocers, five milkmen, three bakers, two tobacconists, a butcher and a butcher. Today the only original shops remaining are a grocery store and the Auberge de Brouquet.
V.Attractions
1.Saint-Christophe Church of Léogeats
Saint-Christophe de Léogeats Church is a Catholic church located in Léogeats, France.
Location:
The church is located in the French department of Gironde, in the town of Léogeats, to the west of the village.
Historical:
The building, originally built in the 12th century and enlarged in the 16th century by a northern longitudinal apse, is listed as a historic monument by decree of December 24, 1925.
Surrounded by its small cemetery and located at the end of a rocky outcrop overlooking the Ciron valley, the Saint-Christophe church, of Romanesque architecture, was initially built in the 12th century and then transformed in the 16th century. The presence of a hollow surmounting the west portal suggests that it may have served as a defensive structure. It has been listed as a Historic Monument since 1925, as well as part of its furniture and was used as a backdrop, in the 1960s, for the shooting of the film Thérèse Desqueyroux from the eponymous novel by François Mauriac as well as in 1980, to the television adaptation of Mauriac's novel Le Baiser au lepreux.
Three hundred meters west of the church is a ruined fortification, the Tourasse, which was studied by Léo Drouyn in the 19th century. Consisting of a rectangular tower 20 meters by 13 with three floors and walls one meter thick, it was probably a fortified house.
2.the village of Léogeats
At the south-western end of the canton of Langon, the village of Léogeats ensures the transition between the prestigious vineyards of Sauternes and the Gironde Lande.
Made up of distant hamlets, which are home to 720 inhabitants, the village with an area of 1961 hectares finds its unity around the village marked by an old habitat pleasantly restored.
Erected on a rocky outcrop, overlooking the Ciron valley, the church of Saint Christophe, whose bell tower offers a magnificent panoramic view, conceals many features which today allow us to appreciate its evolution over time.
Quiet, peaceful, welcoming, Léogeats is at the heart of an important network of hiking trails which give the opportunity to discover its small heritage, the quality of its landscape, natural and wild.
Sources : http://leogeats.fr/z/site.php?act=1_4#latourasse
http://www.leogeats.fr/z/site.php?act=1_1
VI.History
In the Departmental Archives of the Gironde relating to the accounts of the Archdiocese of Bordeaux, we find traces in the thirteenth century of two parishes: Sanctus Laurencius de Camelhac (Saint Laurent de Cameillac) and Sanctus Christoforus de Leujatz (Saint Christophe de Léogeats).
Cameillac (Occitan script Camelhac), a locality located one km south of the village, was a Gallo-Roman estate (around 3rd century), a name undoubtedly coming from a Gallo-Roman resident in Novempopulanie, "Camilius ". This town was destroyed either during the incursions of the Visigoths in the fifth century, the Franks in the sixth, the Vascons in the seventh, the Moors in the eighth, the Vikings in the ninth, or the Plantagenets in the twelfth.
We find mention of Léogeats, parish of Saint-Christophe, in 1314, in connection with property belonging to the Albret family. Léogeats may originally have been a separate seigneury, but in the sixteenth century, the archives of the Château de Suduiraut in Preignac (Georges Guillot de Suduiraut owned the Château de Noaillan at the beginning of the 20th century) give some indications: it depends on the seigneury of Noaillan (Jean de La Motte); in the eighteenth century, it was completely integrated into it.
For more information on the situation of the town in the eighteenth century, see the work by Jacques Baurein.
During the Revolution, the parish of Saint-Christophe de Léogeats formed the commune of Léogeats.
We find, according to the periods and the written documents, the evolution of several spellings: Leujatz or Leuyatz in the 13th century, then Leujats, Laugeat in the 17th century, Leujas in 1727, and finally Léogeats since the 19th century.
The suffix ATS, widespread in the south-west of France, comes from the Celtic suffix ACO, used until the Middle Ages, and would correspond to fortified places.
Léogeats would have been created in medieval times around the 11th century, a period of intensive clearing in Gascony, and its name probably originates from the old Germanic "laubja" = hut, which gave the Roman dialect louye, loye and its Valais branch derivative: Logeat, Logeais, Logean, Le Lauchat, Laugeas, Laugeat, Leauchat, Locha, ...
The lodge was a hut, a hut of branches and foliage used as shelter for loggers or cattle, around which a village could develop. - B. Tauzin –
... nowadays
In the Historical Archives of the Gironde relating to the Accounts of the Archdiocese of Bordeaux (Monteil manuscript written in Latin, twenty pages thick) we find traces in the 13th century of two parishes: Sanctus Laurentius de Camelhac (Saint Laurent de Cameillac) and Sanctus Christoforus de Leujatz (Saint Christopher of Léogeats): it is a priori the oldest preserved manuscript document relating to the history of the village.
How did two parishes come to be on the main bank of the Ciron?
The parish of Saint Laurent de Cameillac was formed there because a large estate or a group of dwellings could, at the time, give rise to a parish, also including the adjoining lands.
"Mention is made of this ancient parish (Saint Laurent de Camelhac) in the liève of the quarters of the Archdiocese of the year 1420 in these terms: Sanctus Laurentius de Cameilhac debet tres boisselos millii. In truth, it is not mentioned in the liève of 1546, but it is mentioned in an old manuscript litter where its income is estimated at 20 francs, which could have been equivalent to the sum of 200 pounds at the time. The general pillar of the Benefits of France of the year 1648, also mentions this parish, but despite these proofs of its former existence, this parish is absolutely unknown. »Extract from Baurein, Tome II, p 132, new edition.
The parish of Saint Christophe de Léogeats is better situated, on a rocky outcrop with steep slopes adorned with a few trees, overlooking the stream, and far enough from its confluence with the Ciron to be dry.
The Cameillac area being wet, this rocky outcrop is the best location, both for defense and for its central location in the crop area.
Cameillac was destroyed: we do not know if it was during the successive invasions of the Visigoths in the 5th century, the Franks in the 6th, the Vascons in the 7th, the Moors in the 8th, the Normans in the 9th, or the English in the 12th ... Each old house in the district, built with rubble blackened by fire, still bears witness to this today.
Cameillac disappeared, Léogeats remained, and geographic unity resumed its rights.
The town, extended well beyond Ciron on its left bank, includes moors around the clearing of Laulan. This isolated place may have been a fief of its own, while a tumulus at a place called Le Merley, three hundred meters to the south, could be the vestige of a feudal fortification, if not older.
The remoteness of the hamlet of Laulan would have justified the creation of a parish, but its population was too small for that, and it was then divided in two, in a straight line, by the limit of the communes of Léogeats and Noaillan.
The accounts of the Archdiocese of Bordeaux mention the two parishes in the 14th century on two lists, but each time, only one is mentioned, which gives the impression that the official name of the parish is Cameillac (Saint Laurent), but that the real center is Léogeats (Saint Christophe).
There is mention of Léogeats, Saint Christophe parish, in 1314, in connection with property belonging to the Albret family.
Léogeats may originally have been a separate seigneury, but in the 16th century, the archives of Château de Suduiraut in Preignac (Georges Guillot de Suduiraut owned the Château de Noaillan at the beginning of the 20th century) give some indications : it depends on the seigneury of Noaillan (Jean de La Motte); in the 18th century, it was completely integrated into it.
“The history of the seigneury of Noaillan tells us that it was one of the oldest in Bordeaux. Amanieu de Noaillan, knight, named in a title of March 2, 1225, was one of the supporters of Henry III of England at the battle of Taillebourg, in 1242.
Later, on March 19, 1274, Bertrand de Noaillan admitted that he held the castle of Noaillan from King Edward I "as a duty of a spear lance with a lord's muance", and what he had in the parish of Salles, in duty of a "around know".
The same day, one of his parents, Guillaume de Noaillan, acknowledges owing the Duke of Aquitaine a pair of gloves. The King of England is counting on the support of the Lord of Noaillan, as evidenced by the letter that Edward II wrote to Amanieu de Noaillan, in 1312, asking for his horses, his weapons and his soldiers.
In 1322, he summoned him for the Scottish War. In 1373, the Lord of Noaillan took an oath of loyalty to the Prince of Wales. But a few years later, the de Noaillan family abandoned their original castle which passed to the de la Motte family. Gaillard de la Motte was lord in 1383.
At the beginning of the 15th century, the kings of England took Noaillan back to give him to vassals of a more certain loyalty than that of La Motte, and finally conceded it, in 1428, to Bernard Angevin, who, as a simple clerk, had become one of the most powerful lords of the province, chancellor of Aquitaine and member of the Grand Council.
After the conquest of Guyenne by the French, the La Motte recovered Noaillan.
One of them, Jean de la Motte, took over the rich estate left by Marshal Xaintrailles, his uncle, and his family remained in Noaillan until 1567.
That year, François de la Motte sold the lands of Noaillan and Léogeats to Jean Le Berthon, adviser to the Parliament of Bordeaux, for the sum of 12,000 Bordeaux francs.
A long trial started at the same time and completed in 1578, returned Noaillan to Dame Marie de Ballanguier, dowager of La Motte, mother of François II de la Motte (of whom we have already spoken about the castle of Castelnau de Mesme) and canceled no doubt the sale we are talking about.
This François II de la Motte had for daughter Guyonne de la Motte, Marquise de Castelnau, who married, in last place, Jean d'Espagnet, and already known to the reader.
Finally Jean Duroy, adviser to the Parliament of Bordeaux, bought half of the land of Noaillan, the rest of which belonged to the family of Piis. Around 1700, the Duroys of Suduiraut acquired this share and thus remained the sole lords of the place until the Revolution. "
Extracts from "The Garonne and its tributaries of the left bank", pages 223 and 224, André REBSOMEN, 1913. Origin: Mr DARTIGOLLES, Budos.
"... Now, as at that time there was no role specific to the Parish of Léujats, which was then imposed in the role of Mothe-Noailhan, which was common to them, it should not appear surprising that this writer made no mention of the Parish of Léujats, of which he could not obtain the knowledge by the means to which he had been obliged to have recourse. "Extracts from" Variétés bordeloises or Historical and critical essay on the ancient and modern topography of the Diocese of Bordeaux ”, page 239, by Abbé Baurein, 1786. Origin: Mr DARTIGOLLES, Budos.
Dependent on the Lordship of Noaillan from the Middle Ages until the Revolution, the parish of Léogeats then held the conditions required to be recognized as a municipality: it was created at the end of the 18th century, because it had a church and around a thousand inhabitants.
Depending on the canton of Noaillan, Léogeats was attached to Langon during the Restoration, also depending on the administrative divisions mainly on the Bishopric of Bazas, and sometimes on that of Bordeaux (before and after the Revolution).
Until the 12th century, each bore only his baptismal name. Sometimes the name of the father was added to it. This is how one said Jean-Pierre to say Jean, son of Pierre; Arnaud-Guillaume to say Arnaud, son of Guillaume.
But in the 13th century, each head of the family added to his baptismal name another name taken from a physical sign, from the place of his origin, his residence, his character, his profession, some other accident or circumstance. . And this name passed to children. This was the origin of the family name.
From then on it was possible to draw up civil status documents. An ordinance of François I, published on August 10, 1539, enjoined the priests to draw up baptismal registers which had to be deposited with the clerk of the balliage. Another ordinance of 1667 prescribed to make two registers, one which would remain with the parish, the other which would be sent to the registry of the royal judge.
In 1634, Pierre LOBIS, doctor, was one of the godfathers of the first bell of Léogeats. According to Piganeau (1888), he lived in a "noble house" and left his name to the place where he resided.
Until 1789, the registers were kept only from the point of view of the sacraments of the Church.
The Legislative Assembly, by the Law of September 20, 1792, distinguished civil society from religious society, baptismal certificates from birth certificates, the marriage certificate from the nuptial blessing, the death certificate from the ceremony of funeral. It instructed the general councils of the communes to designate someone to keep the civil status registers.
The law of 28 pluviose of the year VIII entrusted this mission to the mayors, and the Napoleon Code adopted this provision.
In 1792, the Revolutionary Archives made it possible to draw up a representative picture of the economic life and social fabric of Léogeats:
... "One hundred and seventy-four families have a population of over a thousand; around fifty farmers have their own pair of oxen and their cart. About thirty pairs of cows can help with the work; there do not appear to be any purely dairy cows. The horse is non-existent for work and there is only one mule to be found. There is a complaint that the rye is in short supply. The wine harvest is around 700 barrels, mostly red wine. The flock of sheep is average: around 100 lambs per year. »… Extract from the Departmental Archives of the Gironde.
In 1870, the population had already fallen below 900 inhabitants, but agricultural life continued.
The agricultural production was still low for the population, but the red wine was regarded as "good ordinary" and the white "pulling towards Sauternes".
To the working cows were added the "Bretons" for the milk, and the calves sent to Bordeaux. Garlic and beans are found in abundance, as much of the land, now wooded or fallow, was once rich gardens and crops. The south Girondine moor, already well wooded, like the oceanic coast, has become considerably populated with pines, and the rafters direct the convoys of logs by floating on the Ciron, from Préchac to the port of Barsac on the Garonne , for embarkation on barges (flat-bottomed boats), in order to supply Bordeaux with firewood and the English mines with shoring.
Many businesses and trades then existed in the village such as shepherds, butcher, bakers, cafetiers, Circles, charcoal maker, pork butcher, carpenter, wheelwrights, hairdresser, grocers, watchmaker, laborers, milkmen, masons, cattle dealers, lumber, blacksmith , carpenter, miller (Moulin du Ruisseau), muleteers, resin makers, clog makers, tobacco. - B. TAUZIN-
Sources: http://www.leogeats.fr/z/site.php?act=1_2
VII.Other information
ACCA: Association Communale de Chasse Agréée.
The ACCA of Léogeats is an association of hunting and non-hunting owners governed by the law of 1901.
Headquarters: Town Hall
30, route de Sansot
33210 LEOGEATS
Contact: Mr. CAMON Patrick, President
72, impasse du Brucat
33210 LEOGEATS
06.22.01.39.39.
Sources: http://www.leogeats.fr/z/site.php?act=4
VIII.Contact information
Leogeats town hall address :
Léogeats Town Hall
25 Sansot
33210 Leogeats
Wednesday from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m.
Mayor : Cédric Pujol (Mandate : 2020-2026)
Mail: commune.leogeats@wanadoo.fr
Phone number: 05 56 76 63 49
Fax: 05 56 76 64 95
Website : http://www.leogeats.fr