Lesparre-Médoc, Gironde, Nouvelle-Aquitaine 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-09-24

I.Population and Area

Total Area: 36.97 km2

Population in 2017: 5 801

Population Density: 157 /km2

Histogram of demographic change

II.Natural Geography (environment and resources)

Lesparre-Médoc Listening is a commune in the southwest of France, located in the heart of the Médoc, in the north of the Gironde department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

Main agglomeration of Bas-Médoc, it competes with Pauillac and Saint-Laurent-Médoc for the title of “capital” of Médoc. Administrative and commercial center, it is one of the five sub-prefectures of the department.

The town of Lesparre-Médoc is located in the northern part of the department of Gironde, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Chief town of canton and arrondissement, it is located approximately 60 kilometers north-west of the regional and departmental prefecture, Bordeaux, 20 kilometers north-west of Pauillac and about thirty kilometers south-east of Verdon -on-Mer, at the entrance to the Gironde estuary.

Located in the northern part of the Medoc peninsula, of which it is the capital Note 1, it is more exactly at the junction of Bas-Médoc (to which it belongs), Haut-Médoc or wine-growing Médoc and Landes du Médoc.

The municipal territory is mainly composed of Oligocene (Luzan, Meyney, La Gravette), Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene (Lesparre, Saint-Trélody, Plassan ...) land, the latter forming a sandy substrate of Aeolian origin. To the north and west of the town stretch semi-natural wet meadows and marshes drained by jalles - regionalism designating a small stream - (Jalle de Lherneau).

The Lesparre marshes, formerly called “Petite-Hollande” or “Petite-Flandre” extend as far as the Gironde, covering part of the municipalities of Gaillan-en-Médoc, Prignac-en-Médoc, Queyrac, Civrac-en -Médoc and Jau-Dignac-et-Loirac. These “mattes” or “palus” were fitted out in the seventeenth century by the Flemish and Dutch, before being modernized (improvement or boring of waterways: Richard channel, Lescapont channel, little Guy channel. .) in the nineteenth century thanks to the efforts of a concessionary company, the “union commission of the Lesparre marshes”. Finally, independently of the marshes, the south and east of the town are also crossed by several streams (Bernède, Maillarde, Zic, Berle).

The forest covers a large southern part of the municipal territory, some deciduous forests, but above all coniferous forests (pinewood or “pignada”) which colonized the Landes sands in the 19th century. The rest is essentially devoted to viticulture, cereals and more particularly corn and livestock.

Means of communication:

The main communication axis of the town is the D1215 (formerly RN 215), a fast lane linking Bordeaux to Verdon and to the Pointe de Grave, which is in a way the “backbone” of the Médoc. The amount of traffic in the city center is a potential source of noise pollution, listed as such by the DDE services (classified in category 3 on a scale of 5). Arrangements (roundabouts) have been set up in an attempt to make traffic more fluid, in particular during the summer.

Several secondary axes are added to this main axis, such as the D3, which crosses the town on a north-east / south-west axis. It connects the neighboring town of Prignac-en-Médoc to the city center, extending to the south towards the wooded areas of the moors and the town of Hourtin.

To the east, the D204 forms the link between the urban centers of Lesparre (town center) and Saint-Trélody (town annexed in the 19th century). It is divided into two branches, the D204 proper, which serves the hamlet of Canquillac and continues towards the neighboring town of Vertheuil, and the D204E1, which allows access to the hamlets of Canterane and Marceaux, and continues until in Saint-Germain-d'Esteuil. Finally, to the south, the road to Plassan opens up the hamlets and localities of Couloumey, Planque, Beney, Plassan and Senguinous.

The town is equipped with a train station (Lesparre station) located on the Medoc line (Bordeaux-Le Verdon-sur-Mer / Pointe de Grave) served by TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine. While it was a question of building a railway line across the Médoc from 1852, it was not until 1873 that the first convoys arrived in Lesparre, and in 1902 that they reached the Pointe de Grave. The station building consists of a hall flanked by two small side wings, the whole being extended by a canopy near the two rail tracks (the second line has not been in service since the 1950s).

Lesparre - Saint-Laurent-Médoc aerodrome is located near Semignan, in the town of Saint-Laurent-Médoc. It is used by the Médoc flying club. Commercial flights land at Bordeaux-Mérignac airport.

Transportation:The town is served by the departmental transport network "Trans-Gironde" (Citram). The main lines serving Lesparre are 703, 704 and 705 (from Bordeaux), 711 (from Hourtin) and 713 (from Le Verdon / Soulac-sur-Mer).

III.ECONOMY

Employment rate (%): 69.6 (2017)

Poverty rate by age group of the tax advisor(%): 22 (2017)

Average employment income (€):1 976 net per month (23 712 net per year)（2014）

Evolution of average monthly net wages

Sources : https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=COM-33240#tableau-REV_G1

http://www.journaldunet.com/business/salaire/lesparre-medoc/ville-33240#:~:text=Les%20habitants%20de%20Lesparre%2DM%C3%A9doc,712%20%E2%82%AC%20nets%20par%20an.

IV.Industrial Characterisitics

With nearly 6,000 inhabitants, the town of Lesparre-Médoc belongs to the network of intermediate towns of the Gironde (agglomerations of 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitants). Its central position within the Médoc territory makes it an important center of tertiary activities, the influence of which is felt beyond the very limits of its canton, and this despite the attraction of the Bordeaux metropolis. The low population density of this part of the department explains its classification as a rural revitalization zone, which allows companies wishing to set up to benefit from tax advantages.

Like Pauillac and to a lesser extent Saint-Laurent-Médoc, Lesparre is an administrative (reinforced by the presence of a sub-prefecture), commercial and services center. The agglomeration hosts a hypermarket (E.Leclerc), located in the heart of a relatively attractive shopping area (Terre rouge shopping center) and with 270 employees, as well as a supermarket (Carrefour) and a hard-discount brand (Lidl ). Several commercial centers are located in the municipal area, mainly in the city center, in the Belloc business area (near the D1215) and in the Sainte-Catherine business area (also near the D1215). Another important employer in the town, the mutualist clinic has nearly 100 employees.

The situation of the town makes it an obligatory point of passage towards the seaside resorts of the Medoc coast (from Soulac-sur-Mer to Lacanau), stimulating during the summer season a tourism already important in low season, because of the proximity of Haut-Médoc vineyards. Viticulture, however, remains a relatively marginal activity in Lesparre, which cultivates little more than 168 hectares of vines, in particular around Saint-Trélody. The same is true of agriculture in general, which is limited to a few farms dedicated to livestock or cereals.

Gastronomy:

The Médoc gastronomy gives an important place to the products of the sea, the river (Gironde) and the land. Fish (shad, eel, sardine, pibale, hake, monkfish ...) are an essential component of the Medoc table. Shad, caught with "bichareyre" (gillnet), is served grilled or accompanied by sorrel, while lamprey à la bordelaise is topped with a wine sauce and often accompanied by a fondue of leeks. The pibales or elvers are eel fry, traditionally caught in the estuary and served in a pan with garlic. If oyster farming is now only a confidential presence in the north of the peninsula (Soulac, Saint-Vivien-de-Médoc), the production of prawns has been introduced there since the 1980s. white shrimp - or “bichettes” - they are simply prepared grilled or with anise.

The Pauillac lamb is a flagship product of the region, and is simply served grilled on vine branches. Game is represented by wood pigeons, woodcock or thrushes. Finally, the Médoc attic is a charcuterie made from rolled pork belly. The Médoc also produces sweets: Médoc hazelnuts (caramelized hazelnuts) and Médoc branches (chocolate sticks). Accompanying these typical products, the wines of the Médoc are of international reputation: Château Latour, Château Lafite, Château Margaux, Château Mouton Rothschild are some famous examples. They are also the basis of some by-products, including Médoc wine jelly, traditionally served as an accompaniment to cheeses or used to deglaze sauces.

Several culinary specialties are more specifically associated with Lesparre: we thus note the tripe au blanc from Lesparre (also called tripe à la Lesparre or tripe Médocaine), the beef with the estouffade of Lesparre or the croquettes from Lesparre.

V.Attractions

1. The Tower of Honor  

The Tower of Honor is the only vestige of the castle of the lords of Lesparre (formerly known as the castle of honor of Lesparre, hence the name of the tower) and is subject to a classification as historical monuments since September 10, 1913.

2.The Saint-Trélody church

 The Saint-Trélody church was built in 1854 to replace the old parish church of Saint-Trélody (commune attached to Lesparre-Médoc in 1855), from the eleventh century, which was a vestige of a former disused Benedictine monastery in the revolution ; it is about a modern building, of neo-Gothic style, architectural party very in vogue at that time, whose plans are entrusted to the architect Hosteing who draws a church with three aisles, divided into five spans covered with pointed vaults, extended by a projecting transept and an apse. The consecration of the building took place in 1858, in the presence of Cardinal Donnet, Archbishop of Bordeaux. The steeple, with a little squat shape, was surmounted by an octagonal spire in 1876; the interior preserves relics of Saint Clair and Saint Allodius. The furniture dates mainly from the 19th century.

3. The Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption church

The Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption church, in neo-Gothic style, was built from 1865 to replace the old castle chapel, which until then performed the function of parish church but had become unsuitable for the needs. of worship. At the instigation of Cardinal Donnet and Abbé Durand, the project by architect Édouard Bonnore was adopted which proposed a church with a basilica plan, that is to say without a transept, the one of which was divided into seven bays, lined with side aisles, lit by a series of polylobed oculi (on the upper level) and by broken arch bays (on the side lines); flying buttresses, of essentially aesthetic function, are deployed on either side of the nave; the very slender bell tower-porch is surmounted by a stone spire and houses several bells, including a 1,100 kilo bell tower, which gives the "mi"; the consecration of the church took place on November 7, 1866 and the blessing of the bells a few months later, in 1867; the interior retains part of the furniture of the old church: a wooden crucifix from the 16th century and a font from the 17th century. The pulpit, the stalls, the organ and the stained-glass windows are from the 19th century.

4.The castle of Escot  

The castle of Escot was built in the course of the 18th century (the portal bears the date of 1767), on the site of an old dwelling, itself established on Gallo-Roman substructures. The term “escot” would come from the profession of the first owner, tax collector or “ecot”. The castle, built for the Lostau family, then passed into the hands of Lavaud and then Rouy in 1991.

5.The Costume Palace - Mazarin

The Fil Rouge du Médoc association invites you to visit "the Palais du Costume - Mazarin", a unique place throughout the South-West.

While browsing it, you will travel through the personal collection of costumes of Mr. Mazarin, in the history of France, from prehistory to the beautiful era through the revolution.

Hours

Wednesday to Saturday: 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.

Monday, Tuesday and public holidays: By appointment by phone

Off season: By appointment by phone

Prices

Adults: 5 € / pers.

Children (up to 10 years old): Free

Group (from 10 people): 4 € / pers.

Access

20 rue du Palais de Justice

33340 - Lesparre-Médoc

(Above the Jean Dujardin Cinema)

Information

Le Fil Rouge du Médoc: 06.86.02.59.99

Website: www.palaisducostume.com

Sources : https://www.lesparre-medoc.fr/mes-loisirs/tourisme-patrimoine/le-palais-du-costume-mazarin/

VI.History

Occupation and Resistance

As in many regions of France, the German occupation was a turning point, which upset the daily life of a city that had until then been rather quiet. On June 29 and 30, 1940, the first German troops invested the Médoc, after entering a city of Bordeaux abandoned a few hours earlier by Marshal Pétain. The occupants, who set up a Feldkommandantur in Lesparre, very early on encountered acts of sabotage, first isolated, then under the cover of resistance organizations and networks (Liberation-Nord, FTP, OCM, etc.).

At the end of 1943, Hervé Nicoleau, known as “Michel Masson”, created a small but active group of resistance fighters, which carried out sabotage, scouting and helping allied airmen in difficulty. When “Michel” was arrested in 1944, his deputy Jean Dufour took over. In May, a Médoc maquis is set up, multiplying the helping hands in the surroundings. On July 11, his “HQ” was a small house in a place called “Les Vignes Oudides” south of the town of Lesparre.

In the early hours of dawn on July 25, several thousand Germans attacked the maquisards. The fighting, practically fierce, lasted part of the morning and ended in the death of Jean Dufour and about fifteen fighters, but also that of a hundred assailants. At the end of this offensive, the maquis dispersed, and its elements joined other centers of resistance. In the spring of 1945, while the noose tightened on the German forces, a bombardment affected Lesparre on April 2. Shells fell near the Cours Jean Jaurès, the Place du Champ de Foire, the Rue du Palais de Justice and the Route de Bordeaux, causing serious material damage and several deaths and serious injuries.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the town developed its infrastructure (creation of subdivisions, activity zones). Its population grows over the years and exceeds 5,200 inhabitants at the beginning of the 21st century.

VII.Other information

Agricultural census from October 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021

A compulsory decennial European operation, the agricultural census aims to update data on French agriculture and measure its weight in European agriculture. These data also make it possible to define and adjust public policies at national and local level. New for 2020: much of the collection will be done online.

The collection of information will be organized between October 1, 2020 and April 30, 2021.

The City of Lesparre-Médoc attentive to the local job market

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Sources: https://www.lesparre-medoc.fr/2020/10/recensement-agricole-du-1er-octobre-2020-au-30-avril-2021/

https://www.facebook.com/EpsilonComposite/

VIII.Contact information

Lesparre-Medoc town hall address :

37 Cours du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny

33340 Lesparre-Medoc  

Mayor : Bernard Garrigou

Mail: contact@mairie-lesparre.fr

Phone number: 05.56.73.21.00

Fax: 05.56.41.86.83

Website : https://www.lesparre-medoc.fr/

Sources : https://www.lesparre-medoc.fr/