Créon, Gironde, Nouvelle-Aquitaine 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-06-10

I.Population and Area

Total Area: 8.02 km2

Population in 2017: 4 697

Population Density: 586 /km2

Histogram of demographic change

II.Natural Geography (environment and resources)

Créon is a town in southwestern France, located in the Gironde department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

Municipality of the urban area of Bordeaux, Créon is located in the heart of Entre-deux-Mers.

Collective transportation:

1)TransGironde: TransGironde is the name of the regional network of intercity coaches managed by the Department of Gironde. Established in the department, particularly in rural areas, it offers a public transport offer.

2)Carpooling: The Créonnais community of municipalities wants to promote carpooling and offers to register online on its site.

Go to: www.covpooling-en-creonnais.com

 Sources :http://www.mairie-creon.fr/transports-collectifs.html

http://www.mairie-creon.fr/co-voiturage-en-creonnais.html

III.Economy

Employment rate (%): 77.4 (2017)

Poverty rate by age group of the tax advisor(%): 12 (2017)

Average employment income (€):2 196 net per month (26 355 net per year)（2014） 

     Evolution of average monthly net wages

 Sources : http://www.journaldunet.com/business/salaire/creon/ville-33140

https://insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=COM-33140#chiffre-cle-8

IV.Industrial Characterisitics

Sectors of activity most represented in Branne

The table below lists the five activity sectors with the most companies in Créon during the period from 24/09/2019 to 24/09/2020 as well as the share of each sector on the total number of 'enterprises of the municipality. 

The companies that generate the most turnover in Branne

The list displayed below presents the companies established in Créon and which report the highest 2019 turnover in the municipality.

1)Leader Distribution Bressuire

2)Breizh Appro

Leader Distribution Bressuire

LEADER DISTRIBUTION BRESSUIRE, a limited liability company, has been active for 16 years.

Established in CREON (33670), it specializes in the business sector of other retail businesses in non-specialized stores. Its workforce is between 20 and 49 employees.

In 2019 it achieved a turnover of € 6,335,800.00.

The balance sheet total increased by 3.07% between 2018 and 2019.

Societe.com lists 2 establishments and 1 notable event for a year.

Davy CRESTEL, is manager of LEADER DISTRIBUTION BRESSUIRE.

Breizh Appro

BREIZH APPRO, a limited liability company has been in business for 10 years.

Located in CREON (33670), it specializes in the wholesale trade (inter-company trade) of chemicals. Its workforce is between 3 and 5 employees.

In 2019, it achieved a turnover of € 3,268,100.00.

The balance sheet total increased by 28.90% between 2018 and 2019.

Societe.com lists 3 establishments and the last notable event of this company dates from 03-12-2014.

Jerome BESIERS, is manager of the company BREIZH APPRO.

Créon's geographical location has always enabled it to be an attractive hub. The city is thus experiencing significant commercial development, including a renowned weekly market - and an increase in services.

Sources: http://www.mairie-creon.fr/creon-la-ville-aujourd-hui.html

http://entreprises.lefigaro.fr/creon/ville-33140

https://www.societe.com/societe/breizh-appro-522724012.html

https://www.societe.com/societe/leader-distribution-bressuire-478269749.html

V.Attractions

1.The Bastide

 The bastide is based on an orthogonal grid plan, with square or rectangular meshes, in which an empty square appears instead. This plan is entirely characteristic of the system of implantation of the bastides. In the case of Créon, the choice is undoubtedly that of the crossroads of Bordeaux to Sauveterre and Libourne to Cadillac. One of the angles of the crossing forms two of the sides of the future square. The land, staked out from the center of the future square, delimits lots, here mostly squares, cut by perpendicular streets, surrounded by a walkway with palisades, ditches, walls and sometimes four main entrances with probably doors. The circular perimeter is explained by the fact that the islands are not filled in the corners.

As in all the country houses, we find:

1)the "carreyras": these are streets in which two cars can cross.

2)the "carreyrous": these alleys, 1 to 2 meters wide, allow access to the houses from the rear.

3)the "andronnes": a void between two houses of 30 to 60 centimeters which plays the dual role of controlling the spread of fires and of providing a ditch leading both rainwater and used water to the rear.

The square (70 m side) is a square of the unbuilt plan, surrounded by houses which will be decorated with arcades. The dimensions are almost everywhere the same and do not relate to the number of inhabitants. Place de Créon is bordered by four islets including three squares of the same area and a rectangle. On three sides, the cover is the logical extension of the streets. In the past, the junction of cutlery at their ends made it difficult to access the square, all traffic (carts, horses, pedestrians) was carried out under cover. Later, the traffic becoming more important and the means of locomotion more cumbersome, one demolishes the cover of the houses of each angle (the angles) and one deviates the carriage way on the place leaving to the pedestrians the passage under cover.

The common house opens onto the square, in line with the houses. It can be on the floor of the hall which is located either in the center or on one side of the square. In Créon, the square is bordered by arcades on three sides and has a market hall which disappeared in 1872. The town hall was built on the site of the provost's seat.

Until the Hundred Years War (1337), Créon remained devoid of fortifications. During this period, Creon is looted and set on fire. The damage is significant. In 1351, in order to remedy this insufficiency, Créon obtained a ditch, a palisade and four stone doors. Until their demolition in 1589, this seems to suffice as a fortification of the city.

2.The Notre-Dame church

The Notre-Dame church, with a single nave, as almost always in the bastides, occupies a location close to the Place de la Prévoté. In Creon, started in 1316, construction of the church was completed in 1320, probably on the foundations of the current building. But due to numerous lawsuits with the abbey of La Sauve-Majeure, it was not until 1342 that Créon became an autonomous parish. In the years that followed, construction of the church was resumed to make it more in keeping with the stature of a capital of Entre-deux-Mers. The building will be modified over the centuries according to fashions, fires, and history. Until the end of the 19th century, the parish cemetery was around the church, but burials were also carried out inside the church...

The nave, vaulted with ribs, consists of five bays. Two side chapels frame the nave. A sixteenth-century pentagonal apse, lit by flamboyant windows, leans against the nave.

The bell tower, which surmounts the porch, is a massive tower surmounted by a steeple, itself surmounted by a leopard. It took over from a bell tower in the 17th century. Covered with a slate roof, it is pierced with semicircular arches, leading to a 16th century portal. A niche punctuates the facade of the bell tower. This contains a limestone Madonna and Child from the thirteenth century, possibly from the abbey of La Sauve not far from Créon.

Madonna and Child: This statue from the Notre-Dame church, along with that of Saint Gérard, currently on display in the lapidary museum of the abbey of La Sauve-Majeure, belongs to the sculpted group that adorned the tomb of Amauvin, the twelfth abbot (1206-1222) of Sauve-Majeure.

VI.History

English Aquitaine:

Since 1152, by the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine with Henri Plantagenêt, Aquitaine has been attached to the crown of England. In 1315 France was ruled by King Louis X, Aquitaine by a duke, who happened to be King Edward II of England, his own brother-in-law, husband of his sister Isabelle.

In Entre-deux-Mers, King Edward II is not contested but the Church is very powerful. At the foot of the Abbey of La Sauve-Majeure, a little by little town drains all the shops. The abbey levies taxes and duties on the inhabitants who are under its suzerainty, the merchants pay it various fees (tolls, etc.). All this money contributes to the wealth of the abbey. The Duke of England does not own any town in the forest of La Sauve, so much so that his provost has to ask the monks for hospitality. He doesn't even have a prison, which is the symbol of justice he has in Entre-deux-Mers. We therefore have the elements that can lead to the creation of the bastide of Créon. By entering the bastide, one becomes the subject of the founder who thus sees increasing his political influence and his economic power.

The bastide of Créon and the development of the region:

In 1312, Amaury III de Craon, Seneschal of Aquitaine, decided to create a country house in the middle of the forests covering the region, at the crossroads of the roads leading from Bordeaux to Sauveterre-de-Guyenne (via La Sauve) and Libourne to Cadillac (via Langoiran). The surface area is reduced because it is necessary to encroach as little as possible on the territories of the neighbors of Cursan, Sadirac, Saint-Genès-de-Lombaud and La Sauve, but it is a real city ready to live its economic dynamism with its main asset , the weekly market and fairs (six per year). A real town in the countryside created to attract craftsmen, lawyers, peasants ... This decision elicited an immediate and long-lasting reaction from the Abbey of La Sauve-Majeure. La Sauve's temporal power is considerable. This intrusion on its territory is inconceivable and it will remain a permanent tension for the inhabitants divided between the king and the monks. The provost court settles in Créon. In addition, the Benedictine influence will decline with the installation of the weekly Tuesday market in Créon, directly competing with that of La Sauve. Subsequently, an arrangement is reached and the Creon market is set for Wednesday. Until the Revolution, Créon was the seat of the Grand Provost Royal of Entre-deux-Mers and had jurisdiction over 48 parishes

The founder of the bastide:

Amaury III de Craon was born in 1280. He belongs to the very old Craon family, known since the eleventh century. For a century, they have been, from father to son, Seneschals of Anjou for the King of France. As a knight, Amaury wears the coat of arms of his family, lozenge of gold and gules. His kinship is illustrious: he is a first cousin of King Edward II of England, which earned him many favors. His fate is quite unusual. Thus, from 1302 to 1304, he participated in the campaigns of Flanders with Philippe le Bel. On June 5, 1308, Edward II called him to London and on July 5, 1313, he was appointed Seneschal of Aquitaine for the King of England. He therefore combines the functions, representing the King of France in Anjou and the King of England in Aquitaine, while these two kings are antagonistic. He will remain Seneschal of Aquitaine for three years. He is a very important figure for his time. He is at the same time a diplomat, a politician and a lawyer. He is a man who travels a lot. In 1314, he was in Aquitaine and it was during this period that he created the Bastide de Créon. Then in August 1315, he was again in Flanders. In 1319, he attended the baptism of Jean le Bon, future king of France.

In 1300, he married Isabelle de Sainte-Maure, rich heiress of Touraine, who gave him a son, Maurice VI, Lord of Sainte-Maure and Marcillac. Isabelle died in 1310. In 1312, he married Béatrix de Roucy. The marriage contract is ratified by Philippe IV le Bel. From this union, he has 5 sons and 3 daughters. Amaury III de Craon died at the age of 53 on January 26, 1333 and was buried in the chapel of the Cordeliers of Angers, alongside his two wives. He is the last hereditary seneschal of Touraine, Anjou and Maine, having sold Touraine to Charles IV le Bel in 1323, Maine and Anjou to Philippe VI de Valois in 1331. During his life, he will have lived in the shadows three kings of England and six kings of France.

VII.Other information

LARURAL (Cultural Ass. Of Créon)

The Larural association, governed by law 1901, was born on September 16, 2005 out of a desire to structure the cultural action sector in the Créonnais. Its creation is the result of consultation between cultural associations and the municipality of Créon (33).

Its main purpose is the distribution and production of live shows on the territory of Creon. It organizes cultural events with various aesthetics (music, theater, performing arts, dance, etc.) aimed at a large audience by encouraging encounters between artists, works and audiences.

The association is therefore committed to developing cultural projects on the territory of Créonnais, the ambition of which is to contribute to the emancipation and diversification of audiences.

3 main missions:

1)The organization of cultural events and the distribution of live shows by having in charge, within the framework of a contract, the reception of the public, the ticketing, the security of the shows and the remuneration of the technicians and artists.

2)Artistic and cultural education projects that promote public awareness and community involvement, which involves maintaining close relationships and exchanges with schools and social and medico-social structures.

3)Support for artistic creation through hosting companies in residence, co-productions and support for artists and companies.

More: info: www.larural.fr

Cultural and sports facilities

Créon is the first bicycle station in France for which it has been the national pilot project since 1999 with the creation of the first bicycle relay point, inaugurated on July 23, 2003 by Bernard Hinault along the former railway line connecting Latresne to Sauveterre -de-Guyenne gradually became the Roger-Lapébie greenway thanks to investments from the Gironde General Council. More than 50 km of tracks through the forests, the countryside and the vineyards of Entre-deux-Mers are listed from Créon offering “ discovery” or “nature and heritage” bike tours.

 Sources : http://www.mairie-creon.fr/larural-ass-culturelle-de-creon.html

VIII.Contact information

Créon town hall address :

Créon Town Hall

50 place de la Prévôté

BP 49

33670 Créon

Mayor : Pierre Gachet (Mandate : 2014-2020)

Mail: contact@mairie-creon.fr

Phone number: 05 57 34 54 54

Fax: 05 57 34 54 46

Website : http://www.mairie-creon.fr

Sources : http://www.cartesfrance.fr/carte-france-ville/33140_Creon.html