Biganos, Gironde, Nouvelle-Aquitaine 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-04-06

I.       Population and Area

Total Area: 52,70 km2 (20.34sq mi)

Population in 2017: 10 706

Population Density: 203/km2 (526/sq mi)

Histogram of demographic change

II.     Natural Geography (environment and resources) 

Biganos (Biganòs en gascon) is a commune in south-west France, located in the Gironde department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.Its inhabitants are called the Boïens.

Municipality located in the Pays de Buch in the heart of the Landes de Gascogne regional natural park, Biganos is one of the ten localities that border the Arcachon Basin and is at the crossroads of the north and south of the basin.

Transport:

The city is served by the SNCF with the Facture-Biganos station which is located on the Bordeaux - Irun line (TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine Bordeaux-Arcachon, Bordeaux-Irun and Bordeaux-Tarbes services):

SNCF / TER Aquitaine

Facture / Biganos Station

General de Gaulle Square

Phone: 3635

GPS: 44 637338, 0.96575 

Green number for TER: 0 800 872 872

Website: www.ter.sncf

Biganos is located 36 km from Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport.

Bus:

CITRAM: 05 56 43 68 43

Line 610: Mios - Ares

Line 601: Bordeaux - Cap Ferret

Website: www.citram.fr

BAÏA Transport:

South basin transport network

Line 5 - Biganos / Pôle Santé

 17 rue François Legallais

33260 La Teste de Buch

TEL: 0800 100 937

Website: www.bus-baia.fr

Taxis de Biganos :

Taxi du Delta : 06 68 16 76 06

Taxi allocôted’argent : 06 07 86 59 49

Antony Taxi : 06 68 92 12 34

Taxi Thierry : 06 38 86 96 00

Highway:

A660 - A63-A10: Biganos - Paris

A660 - A63: Biganos - Biarritz

A660 - A63 –A62: Biganos - Toulouse

 Route:

RN 250 / RD 650: Bordeaux - Arcachon

Sources :http://villedebiganos.fr/cadre-de-vie/mobilite/la-carte/

http://villedebiganos.fr/cadre-de-vie/mobilite/differents-modes-de-deplacements/

III. ECONOMY

Employment income (%): 77.4 (2016)

Poverty rate by age group of the tax advisor(%): 8 (2017)

Average employment income (€):2 296 net per month (27 557 net per year)（2014）

 Evolution of average monthly net wages

Sources : http://www.journaldunet.com/business/salaire/biganos/ville-33051

https://insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=COM-33051#tableau-REV_G1

IV.Industrial Characterisitics

Biganos presents a sturgeon farm for caviar of “Aquitaine caviar”, also installed on a mill, the Cassadote mill, originally a mill built on the Lacanau stream, which produced flour. Later, a fish farm was installed and sturgeon production. After several trials, a variety has been successfully acclimatized.

Biganos is also known for its factory, exploiting the Landes forest for the manufacture of kraft paper, currently belonging to the international company Smurfit Kappa after having belonged for many years to Saint-Gobain. This industry is very old on the site since originally, a paper mill had been built on the Lacanau de Mios stream at a place called Pont Nau whose remains can still be seen at the southern entrance to the city.

Biganos is an enterprising city. Already in the 19th century, the city had known how to take the turning point of the Industrial Revolution by exploiting its natural resources. Glassware, forges, tileries, sawmills ... made the reputation and wealth of the town. In the 1920s the industrial papermaking site was created, a site which is still one of the first in Europe today for the production of kraft paper intended for the manufacture of corrugated cardboard packaging.

Moulin de la Cassadote:

General information about CAVIAR DE FRANCE:

CAVIAR DE FRANCE, SA per simplified share with single shareholder with a capital of 100,000 €, started its activity in September 2009.

Jean Pascal FERAY is president of the company CAVIAR DE FRANCE. The headquarters of this company is currently located at Moulin de la Cassadote - 33380 Biganos.

CAVIAR DE FRANCE evolves in the activity sector: Wholesale trade, except for automobiles and motorcycles.

2017 turnover € 1,009,461

More about it:

Moulin de la Cassadote is located in the municipality of Biganos at the far end of Arcachon Basin. The trout-breeding farm was built in 1804 and it is only one of Aquitaine’s major centers for growing sturgeon and production of caviar. Moulin de la Cassadote is home to one of three Girondin producers of caviar- a luxury delicacy.

The farm used to be a flour mill that was originally completed in 1834. The property was owned by a MrCourbin who sought to capitalize on the current of Lacanau stream flowing into the river Leyre. The mill ground out flour for more than a hundred years. After the Second World War, production ceased as it could no longer compete with big players in the mill industry.

The flour mill was taken over by fish-farming enthusiasts MessrsCarre and Ricaud, who dug out an area which was converted into a basin for trout farming. Trouts are sold to restaurants, fishmongers and pond-owners in the area. The mill even has its own restaurant. In the 1970s ponds were added and open to the public.

By 1980s, the National Institute for Research of France is into environmental and agricultural science and technology – studying ways to preserve sturgeons which are abundant in the Garonne and Dordogne rivers. The Russian immigrants at the time had taught the locals the art of producing caviar.

The CEMAGREF (Centre national du machinismeagricole, du génie rural, des eauxet des forêts) imported specimens of the freshwater baerii sturgeon from Siberia to study the reproduction and breeding of the species in captivity. Taking into account Mr. Carre’s fish-rearing background and credentials, Cassadote was chosen to be the institute’s partner in this endeavor. The 200 fish, born in 1982 were transferred to the newly- and specially-built ponds.

By mid 1980s, the first reproduction was achieved which was way ahead of the first caviar production sometime in 1993. With caviar production gaining momentum, the trout farming activity ceased. The first caviar output was labelled “Caviar de Gironde”.

The trout farm became a caviar farm under new ownership since 2006 and has since been using the trade name “Caviar de France”. The caviar farm adhered to a number of principles aimed at ensuring production quality. For example, the sturgeons are grown in pools with clean water coming from the Lacanau stream. A natural slope kept a constant current for the fish to swim in. The sturgeons are kept to maturity in a final pool filled with extremely pure spring water drawn from 220 meters deep. This keeps the caviar free of any “earthy” flavor which the local production in the past was often known to have.

Ensuring the best quality of the fish, a five-strong team of specialists constantly monitored the sturgeons with their protein-rich low-fat diet, throughout an eight year cycle. A high-tech facility is where the hand-crafted caviar go through the finishing touches. The amount of time, attention, food and infrastructure that every tin of caviar entails all add up to the high price tag of the end-product.

Ensuring the best quality of the fish, a five-strong team of specialists constantly monitored the sturgeons with their protein-rich low-fat diet, throughout an eight year cycle. A high-tech facility is where the hand-crafted caviar go through the finishing touches. The amount of time, attention, food and infrastructure that every tin of caviar entails all add up to the high price tag of the end-product.

Sources:http://villedebiganos.fr/economie-et-emploi/leconomie-a-biganos/

http://www.bordeaux-apartment.com/moulin-de-la-cassadote/

https://www.verif.com/societe/CAVIAR-DE-FRANCE-515100717/

V. Attractions

le Port de Biganos (the Port of Biganos) 

The Port of Biganos is a small traditional fishing port located south of the Bassind'Arcachon, about 20 kilometers east of Arcachon.

France This Way comment: the charm of a visit to the Port of Biganos comes from the wooden huts around the port, of different sizes and with many of them painted in colored stripes: it is very picturesque and quite unusual.

The Port of Biganos is a small port with perhaps 50 small fishing boats. The port is connected to the Arcachon basin by a river, so you cannot see the port basin.

The port would not be entirely remarkable for tourists, except that around two of the sides of the port there are rows of charming cabins. Because they vary in size, and because some are traditional wooden cabins and others are beautifully restored and painted, they form a very nice backdrop for the harbor.

You should know that the port is marshy, so if possible you should check the local tides before visiting and coming around the time of high tide: as for the small oyster villages around the Bassind'Arcachon, it is more interesting to see the boats when they float in the water rather than sitting in the mud!

The area around the port of Biganos is well maintained with grass and several picnic benches. There is also a restaurant where you can taste the region's oysters with a glass of wine.

After exploring the port area (a visit will not last long) you can follow a path downstream in the woods to better appreciate the region. There is also a canoe rental station where you can hire a canoe to explore the river below the harbor and see more of the nature of the area. The canoe rental base also has a snack bar.

Le port des Tuiles (The port of the Tiles)

An advanced port in the delta among the reed beds and baccarii, it was formerly used for the storage of tiles (hence its name) whitewashed for the capture of oyster spat. Most of the oyster farmers bought there tiles made in the town's tileries. It is also from this port that in summer, herds of cattle ford the Leyre to graze on the fatty and salty grass of the "islets" and of the island of Malprat.

The closest to the basin but also the smallest, it has 22 jetties managed by the city.

Eyre (Current of Eyre)

The nautical base Courant d'Eyre offers to discover Leyre over the water, on a canoe or a kayak (for hire)

Courant d'Eyre - At the entrance to the port of Biganos

Routes are available for daily or half-day rental and allow you to explore the downstream part of the river and its delta mouth on the Arcachon Basin.

Since this year, bicycle rentals ("vélomalins") can also make it possible to combine discoveries in the delta area and the heart of the Basin.

This structure obtained the Parc Mark "Parc Values" only for the service: "discovery of La Leyre in canoe rental"

Service on a human scale, taking into account the environment in its organization, in connection with its territory (information, participation in the network, in the management of the watercourse ...) and participation in collective actions of management and sharing of uses of the nautical path.

Descent from Mios / Biganos: 10 km; 2H to 3H of free ride; single or two seater

Salles / Biganos descent: 20 km; 5 hours of free walking; single or two seater

Meet at the entrance to the port of Biganos for reception and payment; Parking and services on site

Courant d'Eyre - 88 bis rue du Port 33380 BIGANOS Tel. : 06 85 49 72 53

Website: www.courantdeyre.com

Sources :https://www.fr.francethisway.com/port-de-biganos.php

http://villedebiganos.fr/cadre-de-vie/patrimoine-et-nature/les-ports/https://www.canoesurlaleyre.com/Canoe-sur-la-Leyre/Decouvrir-et-pratiquer/Les-bases-nautiques-marquees-VALEURS-Parc/Courant-d-Eyre-Biganos-33

VI. History

Antiquity and Middle Ages:

Several tumular necropolis of the first Iron Age were reported on the left bank of the Tagon stream by DrPeyneau in 1926: they probably mark out a protohistoric path connecting the Garonne and Leyre valleys. Traces of occupation have been spotted at a place called Lamothe (in the Eyre delta between Biganos and Le Teich). The Gauls then exploited alios as an iron ore.

The gentile Boïen of Biganos is the name of the local people (there is a Celtic people of the same name in Bohemia).

The suffix -os- of Biganos is found in a good part of Gascogne and in particular in several places located at the edge of the Leyre and up to the edge of the Arcachon basin (Biganos, Mios, Caudos, Andernos, Pissos); it is the result of a suffix -otz (e), specific to the Aquitaine, language considered Proto-Basque, spoken before the Roman colonization. The case of Lugos, in the same area, is however analogous.

CheminBougès, which linked Burdigala to La Mothe, passed through Argenteyres (centered on the current lower district), today rewriting Argentières.

Modern era:For the state of the town in the 18th century, see the work of Jacques Baurein.

Contemporary period:

At the start of the 20th century, the town was served by rail. The place called Facture saw the separation of the Bordeaux-Arcachon line and the Bordeaux-Bayonne-Irun line. There was still in Biganos a remnant of the metallurgical industry: Small foundries.

CC7107 and BB9004 of the 1955 rail speed record which helped to frame the problems of access to high speed prior to the development of future TGVs came from Facture.

The end of the 20th century saw a strong demographic development of the city despite the decline of its industries. At the beginning of the 21st century, metallurgy was only a memory. La Cellulose du Pin, which has become Smurfit Kappa, is still the first European kraft paper base for cardboard production unit, but this one, now very automated, is no longer the main employer in the municipality (it is the Auchan store). Now relatively large, the city includes its former disjointed boroughs including Facture and others, now districts of the city.

VII. Other information

The city has strengthened its economic vocation in recent years in order to energize its territory and strengthen employment.

Biganos: economic heart

The town of Biganos concentrates most of the territory's activities. The city has a rich and diversified economic fabric made up of 494 companies with industrial leaders and more than 300 businesses.

A changing city center

The city hosts around a hundred shops spread over different axes and districts. The market hall and the numerous activities organized throughout the year decorate the shopping area and contribute to conviviality and well-being in Biganos.

Biganos has launched an urban renewal program "ZAC center-ville" to think and build today the city of tomorrow. Objective: to develop the attractiveness and influence of the Boïen urban core.

Personalities linked to the municipality:

Robert Paul (born April 20, 1910 in Biganos - died December 15, 1998), French athlete who won 12 national titles in four different disciplines, sprint and jump. He was mainly dismissed at CA Bègles in the late 1920s, at the Racing club de France in the mid-1930s, and again in Bègles during the war. He participated in the 1936 Summer Olympics. His record is rich with 25 selections in the France A team, from 1929 to 1937, 7 French long jump records, vice-champion of the European 4 × 400 relay m in 1934, champion of Great Britain in long jump in 1934 and 1935, champion of France in 100 m, champion of France in 200 m, 6 titles of champion of France in long jump, champion of France in triple-jump .

André Laroche (1911 at Facture - 1981), finalist of the French rugby championship with Narbonne where he carried out his military service. He was playing a pillar.

Sources :http://villedebiganos.fr/economie-et-emploi/leconomie-a-biganos/

VIII. Contact information

Biganos town hall address :

Mairie de Biganos

52 avenue de la Libération

33380 Biganos

Opening Hours of the town hall:

Monday to Friday: 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 2:00 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.

Mayor :Bruno Lafon (Mandate : 2014-2020)

Phone number: 05 56 03 94 50  

Fax: 05 56 03 94 69

Website :http://www.villedebiganos.fr

Sources :http://www.cartesfrance.fr/carte-france-ville/33051_Biganos.html#mairie