Stawiski-Podlaskie 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-10-21
Ⅰ. Population and Area
Population (2006)
• Total 2,442
• Density 180/km2 (480/sq mi)
Area
• Total 13.28 km2 (5.13 sq mi)
https://stawiski.pl
Ⅱ.Natural Geography (environment and resources)
-Stawiski is a town in northeastern Poland, situated within Kolno County, in Podlaskie Voivodeship, approximately 16 kilometres east of Kolno and 74 kilometres west of the regional capital Białystok. Stawiski is the administrative seat of Gmina Stawiski. From 1946 to 1975 it belonged administratively to Białystok Voivodeship, and from 1975 to 1998 to Łomża Voivodeship. The town is situated on the Dzierzbia River.
-Transport
-Closest airport to Stawiski is Olsztyn-Mazury Airport (SZY). Distance from Olsztyn-Mazury Airport to Stawiski is 50.6 miles / 81.5 kilometers.
Ⅲ.Economy
-The town's revenue in 2003 (including its surroundings) amounted 4.299 mln zloty. Net income was 900,000 zloty. However, expenses of the commune exceeded its profits in that period, and amounted to 4.679 mln zloty. Gross revenue and net profits fluctuate depending on expenditures in the public sector, such as environmental protection, water management, dump disposal, sewers, etc.
-Stawiski - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stawiski#Economy
-Stawiski is a settlement, including a town and surrounding land that is on the Bierbza River, a tributary of the Narew. It is situated on hills on the route from Lomza to Szczuczyn. The distance between it and Kolno, the regional city is 24 wirwost. (A wirwost is slightly more than a kilometer.) The distance from Stawiski to Lomza is 21 wirwost, and to Warsaw, 168 wirwost. Its institutions include a district church, 2 synagogues, a public school, cheders, a district courthouse, a town council and a post office. It contains 181 houses, and has a population of 4,140 people (1,930 men and 2,210 women). It covers an area of 3,530 morag. (A morag is approximately 5 dunam.) In the surrounding lands, there is a liquor distillery, flourmills, and a brick kiln. Some of its residents work in tanning. In an earlier time, Stawiski had factories for cloth, hats, and dyes (it is unclear to which time frame these facts are referring).
-Stawiski developed due to its location. It was situated along a trade route, which led from Prussia in the northeast. It also served as a commercial center between Lomza and Szczuczyn.
-Stawiski, Poland [page 17-19; 29-36] https://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Stawiski/sta017.html
Ⅳ.Industrial Characteristics
-The main branch of local economy is agriculture, based on individual arable farms producing crops for local processing as well as raising farm animals for the market. Apart from farming, trade and service industries cover the needs of the inhabitants. The overall number of people employed in the gmina's economy is 3,545. The breakdown of main employment sectors is as follows. Farming and forestry: 2,304. Industry: 177. Trade and services: 727. Education, health services: 288. Administration and policing: 35.
-Stawiski - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stawiski#Economy
-Key project
-1. Construction of the Poland-Lithuania gas pipeline
-The Gas Transmission Operator GAZ-SYSTEM SA informs that the next stage of work on the investment has begun Construction of an intersystem gas pipeline connecting the transmission systems of the Republic of Poland and the Republic of Lithuania together with the infrastructure necessary for its operation ”, ie the stage of construction works. We would like to inform you that in the northern section of the above-mentioned two key executive contracts have been signed.
-On May 12, 2020, a contract was signed with IDS-BUD SA based in Warsaw, which will perform construction works for Task 1 in the Kolno and Grajewo poviats in the province. Podlaskie, on the section from ZZU Rudka-Skroda to ZZUP Konopki , approx. 61 km long.
-We would like to explain that in the commune of Stawiski, Task 1 of the northern section will be implemented and the above contract concerns the precincts 5-Budziski, 22-Poryte, 9-Dzierzbia, 2-Barzykowo, 33-Zabielem and 10-Dzięgiele .
-The second key contract concluded by GAZ-SYSTEM for the entire northern section was signed with the company that conducts Investor's Supervision over the implementation of the investment, ie MGGP SA based in Tarnów.
-At the beginning of June this year, we will start the first preparatory works before the proper entry into the site of the Construction Works Contractor, consisting in geodetic marking out of the construction strip. These activities will be preceded by notifying all Property Owners about the commencement of works and meetings with the Owners will be arranged in order to prepare a description of the plot condition before entering the Contractor's premises. The proper, protocol takeover of the site for the construction period from all owners of the real estate covered by the investment strip will be the responsibility of the Construction Contractor.
-Based on Article. 46 sec. 2 and 4 of the Act of 5 December 2008 on preventing and combating infections and infectious diseases in humans (Journal of Laws of 2019, items 1239 and 1495 and of 2020, items 284, 322 and 374) in the period from 20 March 2020, until further notice, the state of epidemic in the territory of the Republic of Poland was announced in connection with SARS-CoV-2 virus infections. Therefore, GAZ-SYSTEM had to cancel scheduled meetings with residents. We would like to inform you that the company will immediately start conducting information meetings in the communes dedicated to property owners, at the time of the recall of the epidemic. We will inform the Commune Governors about this fact in dedicated letters.
-Stawiski https://www.stawiski.pl/index.php?wiad=1536
-2. The modernization of the SUW in Sokoły is completed
-They have completed the modernization of the Water Treatment Plant in Sokoły. This is very good news for the residents of the Stawiski Commune, who are supplied with water from this facility.
-The building has undergone thermal modernization; there are new devices inside and a system monitoring their work. Two new expansion tanks were installed next to the SUW. As part of the task, a water intake with power supply and a new deep well were also built. All this so that the water reaches the residents without interruptions and of the best possible quality.
-Work on the modernization and expansion of the SUW in Sokoły began last year and was carried out in two stages:
-Stage I included the construction of a water intake with power supply and a deep well - was commissioned on April 15 this year.
-Stage II is the expansion and reconstruction of the water treatment station and the thermal modernization of the SUW building - received in May this year
-Project entitled "Expansion and reconstruction of the water treatment plant and construction of a water intake in Sokoły" was carried out with co-financing obtained by the Stawiski Commune under the Rural Development Program for 2014 - 2020.
-Stawiski https://www.stawiski.pl/index.php?wiad=1562
Ⅴ.Attrations and Cityscape
Stawiski panorama with the view of Church at the Main Square
-Activities & Attractions in Stawiski Poland is a country with a large variety of landscapes, a place where you can experience all four seasons. This provides the visitor with many opportunities for adventure and different activities and visiting attractions, whether you enjoy the mountains, lakes, rivers or the beaches you will find something that suits you.
-My town of Stawiski is 21 kilometers from Lomza. Stawiski is a quiet and clean town, surrounded by forests, mountains, ponds and rivers. Its population is small: in total 592 families live there, of which 332 are Jewish and 260 are Christian. The town is surrounded by 35 villages, which barely have any Jews.
-In the center of the Market Square stands a memorial plaque that was erected to commemorate the liberation of Poland in 1918. On the outskirts of the market are a church and a monastery that were built in 1697 by the Baron Ferdinand Zamoski. Not far from the church is a strip of stores (belonging to the Jewish community) put up in 1781 by the builder Zvi Gnida. A road passes through the center of the town. On the route leading to Lomza is a thick forest, containing a big rock that the Russian Czar Alexander the First ordered to be erected on his way from Petersburg to Warsaw. The road is called “The Warsaw-Petersburg Road”.
Ⅵ.History and Culture
-Stawiski was established in 1407–1411. It received city rights around 1688. The Franciscan Order built a monastery there in 1791. The monks were expelled from Stawiski in 1867 during the Partitions, as punishment for supporting the Polish January Uprising against the Russian imperial rule. The town was destroyed by fire in 1812 in the course of the French campaign against Russia, and rebuilt again, to become trades and commercial centre known for its furs, fabrics and hats in Congress Poland. Stawiski was burned to the ground once more during the Russian–Prussian war of 1915, soon before the re-establishment of the sovereign Republic of Poland. The Polish army fought a battle with the Bolsheviks there in July 1920 during the Polish-Soviet War.
-Jewish community
-Aerial photo of Stawiski from the period of World War II. In the background, the church of St. Antoni Padewski and the Great Synagogue.
-Jewish life in Stawiski had been separate from that of the rest of the town's inhabitants. The Jews had established many institutions of their own, including synagogues and Jewish schools and libraries. By 1932, over 50% of Stawiski's population, some 2,000 persons, was Jewish.
-During the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, Stawiski was initially occupied by Germany. During the month-long German occupation, German soldiers raped Jewish women and plundered Jewish property. Some Poles who had been ordered to supervise Jewish labor brigades humiliated the conscripted workers. After a Stawiski priest blamed the Jews for the murder of some German soldiers, the Germans executed several Jews, burned down the small synagogue or perhaps a bet midrash, and set fire to part of the town. The Germans deported a group of able-bodied male Jews (and Christians) to forced labor camps in East Prussia. After some three weeks, the Germans passed control of Stawiski to Soviet forces.
-Soviet rule lasted until the Germans returned to the town in June 1941 during Operation Barbarossa. Local Poles welcomed the arriving Germans with flowers, and German army scouts who arrived on 27 June noted the Poles' hatred for the Jews. Local Poles, mostly recently released from Soviet prisons, asked German permission to take revenge on the Jews and killed some 70 of them. In early July 1941 the Germans instigated a pogrom in which Polish mobs armed with iron bars murdered some 300 Jews. Some Poles were motivated by revenge against earlier Soviet supporters. A German Einsatzkommando was present in the town during 4–5 July 1941. A similar, better known, atrocity took place on 10 July 1941 in nearby Jedwabne.
-Beginning on 17 August 1941, the Germans executed most of Stawiski's Jewish community. Some 900 able-bodied Jews were killed in a ditch near Mątwica, where Jewish women and children from Kolno and Jews from Mały Płock were also executed. Some 700 persons, mostly infants, the elderly, and the handicapped, were killed in Płaszczatka (or Stawiski) Forest.
-Some 60 to 105 Jews remained, mainly skilled workers and their families, who were confined to a ghetto. Some Jews from Stawiski who survived in hiding sought refuge in the Łomża Ghetto, others remained hidden until permitted by the Germans to work as farm laborers. On 2 November 1942 the ghetto was closed and its occupants were transferred to a transit camp in Bogusze, and from there were sent to the Auschwitz and Treblinka extermination camps.
-Some 50 Stawiski Jews managed to evade deportation, but most of them were found and executed in subsequent searches. Some of the hiding Jews were denounced by Poles, and at least 11 of them were murdered by local Poles in nearby Mały Płock gmina.
-Only a few of the 2,000 pre-war Jewish inhabitants of Stawiski survived the Holocaust.
-Some of the Stawiski Jews murdered during the war are buried in a mass grave at the Jewish cemetery in the Płaszczatka forest
Ⅶ.Other Information
-Stawiski is a town in northeastern Poland, situated within Kolno County, in Podlaskie Voivodeship, approximately 16 kilometres (10 miles) east of Kolno and 74 kilometres (46 miles) west of the regional capital Białystok. Stawiski is the administrative seat of Gmina Stawiski. From 1946 to 1975 it belonged administratively to Białystok Voivodeship, and from 1975 to 1998 to Łomża Voivodeship. The town is situated on the Dzierzbia River.
-According to Central Statistical Office (Poland), the population of Stawiski as of 31 December 2008 was 2,417 persons.
Ⅷ.Contact Information
Mayor Agnieszka Rutkowska
Tel. 86 278 55 11
Fax. 86 278 55 33
E-mail: secretariat@stawiski.pl