Żary- Lubusz 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-07-15
Ⅰ. Population and Area
Population (2019-06-30)
• Total 37,502
• Density 1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi)
Area
• Total 33.24 km2 (12.83 sq mi)
Website www.zary.pl
Ⅱ.Natural Geography (environment and resources)
-Żary is a place in western Poland in the province of Lubuskie. Żary is located on the border of the Śląska and Wielkopolska Lowlands, between two tributaries of the River Oder, being the Bóbr River and the Nysa Łużycka River.
-Żary Geographical coordinates: Latitude: 51.6333, Longitude: 15.1333 51° 37′ 60″ North, 15° 7′ 60″ East Żary Area: 3,349 hectares 33.49 km² (12.93 sq mi): Żary Altitude: 154 m (505 ft) Żary Climate: Oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb)
-Transport
-Two main national roads, no. 12 and 27 intersect in Żary. They run together on a stretch of the city bypass. Two of the three sections of the city bypass that have been opened have significantly improved the traffic in the city. Construction of the bypass was subsidized by the Phare Fund. Presently, work continues on the last section of the bypass, which will be completed in 2005.
-In the proximity of the city runs the international European route E36 from Berlin to Bolesławiec, which soon will be transformed into the A18 autostrada. On this road, near the border with Germany, 25 kilometres (16 miles) from Żary, in nearby Olszyna there is one of the biggest cargo terminals in the country. Construction of the A18 and A4 highways is underway and should be completed by the end of 2010. The E36 on the German side is known as the Bundesautobahn 15 highway, providing a quick access to Berlin via a network of motorways. The international airports in Berlin are about 160–185 kilometres (99–115 miles) away, about a one-and-a-half-hour drive away.
-Inter-City trains travel from Berlin and Hamburg via Żary to Kraków. In a relatively short distance from Żary there are smaller airports in Babimost near Zielona Góra as well as in the German town of Rothenburg (about 15 kilometres (9 miles) from the border crossing at Przewóz).
-In Żary there are two telecommunication companies, having a great effect on the quality of provided service. The city has also good coverage of wireless service providers. It also has a fiber optic network that offers quick Internet access.
-Roads running through Żary
-DW296-PL.svg Voivodeship road 287
-DK27-PL.svg National road 27
-DK12-PL.svg National road 12
-Important roads running near Żary
-DW350-PL.svg Voivodeship road 350
-DK32-PL.svg National road 32
-Bundesstraße 112 number.svg National road 112
-Bundesstraße 115 number.svg National road 115
-Bundesstraße 156 number.svg National road 156
-Bundesautobahn 15 number.svg E36-PL.svg Motorway 15 / E 36
-A18-PL.svg E36-PL.svg Motorway A18 / E 36
-A4-PL.svg E40-PL.svg Motorway A4 / E 40
-S3-PL.svg E65-PL.svg Expressway S3 / E 65
Ⅲ.Economy
-For several centuries Sorau was a center of a “free state”. Its residents grew wealthy through trade and craftsmanship. As early as the 14th century the city featured guilds of clothiers, dry-goods merchants, brewers, cobblers, and dyers. During the 19th century Sorau had become a powerful industrial center. The local textile factories, employing 50% of all area people working in industry, played a particular role in the city's economy.
-During World War II a branch of the Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was moved to Sorau. In April 1944, after a bombing raid of the Allies, some buildings of the Old Town were reduced to a heap of rubble.
-Today Żary, which is a county seat, features headquarters of many offices and institutions, used by residents of this part of the region, including the Tax Office, Social Insurance Institution, Employment Office, 8 bank branches, insurance companies, high schools, and the Lusatian Higher School of the Humanities.
-Żary's border area location has a significant influence on its economic growth. In the proximity of the city (20–40 km) there are Polish-German border crossings in Olszyna, Łęknica, Przewóz, and Zasieki as well as a railroad checkpoint in Forst. Żary is also an attractive tourist destination.
-Our biggest foreign investors include:
-KRONOPOL Sp. z o.o. – manufacturer of chipboards, floor and wall panels, OSB and wood-based construction technologies - Swiss capital
-SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT HanGlas Polska Sp. z o.o. – manufacturer of glass for general-purposes vehicles - French capital
-SAINT-GOBAIN EUROVEDER Polska Sp. z o.o. - manufacturer of glass for household appliances - French capital
-SAGE Automotive – Tessile Sp. z o.o. – manufacturer of fabrics and knitwear for automotive and furniture industries – USA capital
-VALMET Automotive Sp. z o.o. – manufacturer of roof systems for convertibles - Finnish capital
-MK Systemy Kominowe Sp. z o.o. – manufacturer of acid proof sheet chimney systems - French capital
-SPOMASZ S.A. – manufacturer of steel structures, industrial installations and wind tower platforms - French capital,
-OR- SAT, Apo- Tessile produces sun visors, gear change lever & hand-brake covers (automotive sector), cushions and covers for furniture industry (seawing services sector), Italian capital
-PANATTONI- Development Company is a commercial real estate development company specializing in industrial, office and retail Project American capital,
-SYNCREON – Computer, printers, Irish capital
-MAGNAPLAST Sp. z o.o. – PVC pipes – German capital
-The mosaic of overseas companies is further enriched by the Polish companies such as:
-RELPOL SA – manufacturer of electromagnetic relays – listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange,
-HART SM – manufacturer of tempered glass for household appliances, shower cabins and PVC joinery,
-PROBET-DASAG Sp. z o.o. – terrazzo and natural stone products – German capital
-RELPOL SA – manufacturer of electromagnetic relays – listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange,
-POLI-ECO Sp. z o.o. - plastic finishing sections, windows, seals
-PKS SA – transportation company,
-Vitrosilicon SA manufacturer of glass blocks, lanterns, jars, silicates and many other products,
-Janbud sp. z o.o.- services and erecting of building structures according to investors' requirements,
-PHU Adamek- transportation company,
-LeenLife - production of vitamine F from flax,
-Eximport - manufacturer of foils, packages etc.,
-Magorex - manufacturer of steel elements for gastronomy,
-Zakład Metalowy Staryk - manufacturer of steel elements,
-Tempus - Manufacturer of natural stone,
-Urban - Manufacturer of machinery andequipment,
-Alpodach- building materials- house- top,
-Kobra - Production Textile detergent,
-Plastbud - manufacturer of plastic for automotive .
-The small and medium-sized companies (frequently family businesses) play an important role in the town and there are over 4,500 of those. The majority of companies are involved in commercial activity or services. Recently a number of businesses have been created that offer high-quality fitness renewal. A large selection of restaurants, hotels, a bowling alley, a swimming pool, a skating rink as well as the renovated old town all stimulate the development of tourism, particularly inbound tourism. Tourists are attracted as the location of Żary makes it ‘the symbolic gate’ to south-west Poland.
-The total number of employed people is 11,492 in 2009.(in the companies which employ more than 9 persons, there is an increasing trend) including:
- private sector: 8,024 persons,
- Public sector: 3,468 persons.
-By industry:
Industry and construction – 5,452 persons,
-Trade; repair of motor vehicles, transportation and storage, accommodation and Catering, information and communication - 2,126 persons,
-Other services – 3,871 persons.
-Agriculture, forestry and fishing – 43 persons
-Żary - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBary#Economy
Ⅳ.Industrial Characteristics
-Local industry is characterized by its technical currency and great variety. Its leading branches include wood, glass, automotive, electrical, metal and construction materials’ industries. Many local companies have attracted foreign investors who decided to harness the potential of well-qualified workforce.
-Żary is a town open to investors. Foreign capital invested to date has amounted to 600 million Euros and our companies have made it to the top of many national and international rankings.
-Economic potential – Żary https://www.zary.pl/EN/885/Economic_potential/
-Municipal projects
-The Żary calendar of events includes many cultural festivals: in April the International Music Festival “Eurosilesia”, in the beginning of June the city celebrates with pomp the Festival of Żary, in August there is the International Plein-air Painting and Sculpture Event, the International Festival of Street Theaters, in October the Vienna Music Festival, and in December the Telemann Youth Festival. For six years rock music concerts called “Woodstock Stop Festival” have been organized in Żary.
-Żary invites to its new complex of indoor swimming pools called “Wodnik”, featuring state-of-the-art fitness equipment. Other places in the city that offer pleasant atmosphere during meetings include myriad restaurants, cafes, and pubs. On the first Saturday of every month a flea market is held in the pedestrian precinct in Żary and the Exhibition Salon is located in the Żary pedestrian precinct near the Town Hall.
-Thanks to an annual growth of revenues from local taxes and quick privatization of the municipal property, the community was able to finance several large-scale investment projects. The city has a sewage treatment plant with throughput of 15,000 cu. m per day, and a municipal landfill that meets the requirements of European standards. In 1998 a new water treatment plant was opened. Work continues on expansion of gas grid, heat distribution system, and water-sewage hookups.
-In 2000 a large section of the bypass and a complex of indoor swimming pools were opened. Modernization of local roads is underway. In 2005 the last section of the bypass will be opened. Preparations continue on revitalization of the Old Town of Żary. The pavement of the market square will be soon renovated. The projects of development of the town's pedestrian zone, park and the former military area.
-The communication arrangement of the town is being modernized and expenses are being appropriated for the educational infrastructure. The construction of the sports and show room is underway and junior high schools and primary schools are being redecorated. The community has benefited significantly from the funds of the European Union such as Phare CBC and Interreg.
Ⅴ.Attrations and Cityscape
Roman Catholic Church under the invocation of the Holiest Heart of Jesus (Protestant-Lutheran from 1524-1945)
Promnitzs' Palace
Cicha Street - city walls and defence tower
-Despite significant war damage, many interesting architectural historic sites have been preserved in Żary, including its medieval municipal urban arrangement.
-In the northwest part of the city there is the Dewins-Packs-Bibersteins' Castle, a huge, 13th century structure, reconstructed later in the Renaissance style. It neighbors on the Baroque Promnitzs' Palace, which was designed by Swiss architect Giovanni Simonetti. Both residences, purchased by a private investor, continue to wait for renovation. They are surrounded by the remains of an old geometrical park, with a garden palace and the Blue Gate dating from 1708.
-The Gothic Sacred Heart Church towers above the Old Town. The church, which obtained its principal shape in the 15th century, remembers the times when the city was chartered; fragments of the wall in the northern wing date from the 13th century. The Baroque Promnitz Chapel near the eastern wall was added in 1670–1672. In the vicinity of the church we can find a Gothic rectory and a Gothic-Renaissance building of the old commissariat. Today it houses the city archive.
-The garrison Church under the invocation of the Elevation of the Holy Cross build in the turn of 14th/15th centuries; originally the church of Grey Friars
-Church under the invocation of St. Peter and Paul (13th century) located in the former cemetery
-Town Hall
-One of the main treasures of the Market Square is the newly renovated Town Hall dating from the turn of the 14th century, featuring a beautiful Renaissance portal. There are also tenement houses that surround the Market Square and some at Bolesława Chrobrego Street, which is a major commercial thoroughfare of the city. The oldest buildings date from the 17th century.
-The remains of the medieval fortifications of the city are fragments of walls, two defense towers (the taller one of 14th/15th centuries, with ashlars made from meadow ore, has become a “landmark” of Żary), and a stone belfry from the turn of the 14th century.
-The Blue Gate build in 1708
-One of the tourist and natural attractions of the area is the “Green Forest” located near the southern border of the city, featuring the highest altitude in the Lubuski Region (227 m above sea level).
Ⅵ.History and Culture
-The beginnings of settlement in the Żary area date back to prehistoric times. The name “Zara”, deriving most likely from a small, independent West Slavic tribe, appeared for the first time in 1007 in the chronicles of Thietmar of Merseburg, at the time, when Duke Bolesław I Chrobry of Poland had conquered the Żary land along with the eastern March of Lusatia. Regained by Emperor Conrad II in 1031, the city was chartered on the Magdeburg law by the Wettin margrave Henry III of Meissen about 1260. It covered the following three areas: a trade settlement on the “Salt Trail” running from Leipzig to Wrocław, a fortified town erected among bogs (in the area of the later castle), and a Franciscan settlement established in 1274.
-The city was under the domain of Silesian Piasts until Emperor Charles IV in 1364 purchased Lower Lusatia and incorporated it into the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. The Bohemian kings were followed by the Saxon electors in 1635 (Polish kings between 1697 and 1763). One of the two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through the city at that time. Kings Augustus II and Augustus III of Poland visited Żary many times, including in 1705, 1718, 1730, 1748 and 1763. The royal cabinet minister Erdmann II of Promnitz built a new baroque palace in the city.
-The Castle Square in the early 20th century
-After the 1815 Congress of Vienna the town was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, which in 1871 was united with other German states into the German Empire. At Sorau, prominent families included the Dewins, Packs, Bibersteins and Promnitzs, whose residence was the castle-palace complex.
-Red Army troops entered Sorau on 13 February 1945. At the Potsdam Conference, British and American representatives were initially unwilling to agree to Polish administration being extended as far west as Stalin desired. After some negotiations, both the Soviet and Polish representatives indicated that they would be willing to concede a frontier along the historic Lusatian border with Silesia at the Oder-Bóbr-Kwisa rivers, which would have left Sorau German. This small concession ultimately proved unnecessary, however, since the next day at Potsdam the US Secretary of State told the Soviet Foreign Minister the US would agree to today's Oder-Neisse frontier. The city was then renamed Żary and populated by Poles, following the expulsion of the remainder of the native population of the city that had not yet fled from their home, to the remainder of Germany.
Ⅶ.Other Information
-Żary, German: Sorau, Lower Sorbian: Žarow) is a town in western Poland with 37,502 inhabitants (2019), situated in the Lubusz Voivodeship since 1999. Previously it was located within Zielona Góra Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the administrative seat of the Gmina Żary, though the town is not part of the gmina commune.
-Żary is located in the east of the historic Lower Lusatia region, in the borderland with the Silesian lowlands and Greater Poland, roughly outlined by the Bóbr and Oder rivers. The city is one of the biggest economic and tourist centers in the southern Lubuskie region and the largest town in the Polish part of Lusatia, therefore also referred as its unofficial capital. The city, whose history dates back more than 1000 years, features many historic sites.
Ⅷ.Contact Information
Mayor Danuta Madej
Urząd Miejski w Żarachpl. Rynek 1-5 ; 68-200 Żary
E-mail：miasto~@~um~.~zary~.~pl
Tel. 68 470 83 00
Fax 68 470 83 86
Web: www.zary.pl