Hornafjörður 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-06-15
一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积
Hornafjörður (“Fjord of Horns”) is a fjord, municipality and growing community found in southeast Iceland. The fjord takes its name from the curved shapes of the sand reefs that have formed just off the coastline.
Hornafjörður is one of the larger municipalities found in Iceland, covering a total area of 6,317 square kilometers (3rd largest), and has a population of 2,414 (21st largest). The southern end of Vatnajokull National Park falls under Hornafjörður’s jurisdiction.
https://guidetoiceland.is/travel-iceland/drive/hornafjordur
二、自然地理
1.地理条件
The municipality is located southeast of Vatnajökull. The main town of Höfn is located on a headland between the fjords of Hornafjörður and Skarðsfjörður.
Hornafjörður is a fjord in Southeast Iceland. Hornafjarðarfljót flows into it and separates it from the countryside Mýrar and Nes. To the east of the fjord is the town of Höfn in Hornafjörður. In 1897, residence began in Höfn when merchant Ottó Tulinius and his wife Valgerður Friðriksdóttir moved there. Höfn then became a trading place and also the only urban place in East Skaftafellssýsla.
In the western part of the municipality is Morsárfoss, the highest waterfall in Iceland. Parts of the Vatnajökull National Park are on the municipal area. The Kristínartindar and the Svartifoss are nearby. In the southwest lies the large sand area of the Skeiðará river, the Skeiðarársandur, to the north of it the Skeiðarárjökull. Further to the east is the Öræfajökull with the peak Hvannadalshnúkur, which is the highest point in Iceland at 2110 m.
Further to the east are the Breiðárlón and Jökulsárlón, a large glacial lake and the deepest lake in Iceland. The lake Jökulsárlón ([ jœːkʏlsaurˌlouːn], Icelandic Jökull , glaciers' , á , river ' , lón , Lagoon' , pronounced "Glacier Lagoon") is the most famous and largest of a number of glacial lakes in Iceland . It is located on the southern edge of Vatnajökull on Breiðamerkursandur between Skaftafell National Park and Höfn. At 284 meters, it is the deepest lake in Iceland. Its area is about 18 km². It is located in the municipality of Hornafjörður.
The main urban core of the municipality, Höfn is situated on a headland between the fjords of Hornafjörður and Skarðsfjörður. A headland is a special form of the peninsula, which is characterized by the fact that its connection to the mainland is no narrower than its greatest width.
At the headland, the width tapers from the connection to the mainland, so that its floor plan is reminiscent of the shape of a tongue. However, the term is usually only used when the land mass protruding into the water is elongated and relatively narrow in shape.
2.交通情况
In addition to Þorlákshöfn in the town of Höfn, which is located further to the west, the municipality has the only port on the mainly agricultural south coast, which is flat for shipping.
The municipality is connected to the ring road (Hringvegur), the country's main road.
The distance to Reykjavík is 459 kilometers, to Egilsstaðir further north it is 247 kilometers.
Hornafjarðarflugvöllur Airport (English Hornafjörður Airport; IATA: HFN, ICAO: BIHN) is located around 7 km north of the city of Höfn.
三、经济发展和规模
The annual accounts of the municipality of Hornafjörður are prepared in accordance with the local government.
The municipality's operating income in the 2019 amounted to ISK 2,916 million. kr. according to the annual accounts for Parts A and B ((2018 Part A and B income: ISK 2,835 million), with operating income of Part A ISK 2,658 million.
The tax rate was 14.52%, which is the minimum wage.
The operating result of Parts A and B was positive ISK 468 million, and the operating result of Part A was a positive amount 408 mill. kr. according to the income statement. The municipality's equity at the end of 2019 amounted to ISK 5,179 million. kr. according to the balance sheet for Parts A and B, and Part A's equity amounted to ISK 4,602 million. kr.
Profit for the year:
Operating result for the year 2019, before depreciation and financial items, amounted to ISK 700 million. ISK, compared to ISK 745 million kr. last year. The margin for the year 2019 is 24.0% compared to 26.3% last year. The margin ratio of Part A is 20.5% compared to 23.7% last year.
https://www.hornafjordur.is/stjornsysla/fjarmal/fjarmal-og-aaetlanir/arsreikningar/
四、产业特点/重点项目
In the winter of 1919-1920, a trade association was established in the county, Kaupfélag Austur-Skaftfellinga (KASK). Over time, it became by far the most powerful employer in Höfn in trade, fish processing and in other areas. From the 1990s onwards, the company's power declined and other parties have largely taken over its role.
Gradually the local fishing industry came to life. There was a lot going on, not least the operation of a cold store run by the company, port improvements and the introduction of net fishing. In the sixties, the fishing industry grew even stronger when lobster fishing began with great vigor, and since then Höfn has been one of the country's main fishing grounds. Catfish has long been the mainstay of the catch, but the share of lobster, herring and capelin has also been large in recent decades.
The strong position of the fishing industry after the middle of the century was, above all, to strengthen the foundations of the economy in Höfn. There was usually enough paid work and people no longer had to rely on small farms and fishing. At its best, a large number of newcomers worked in the fishing industry and in construction. The boom was greatest in the seventies, when the number of people in the town increased by almost 500. Then the growth slowed down and now about 1800 people live in Höfn.
In recent decades, there has been growth in tourism in the county and every year tens of thousands of people come to Skaftafell and to Jökulsárlón in Breiðamerkursandur. Other natural gems, such as Lónsöræf, Skálafellsjökull and its surroundings, Ingólfshöfði and Öræfajökull, attract many people.
Hornafjarðarhöfn is a large fishing and transport port 80 m. floating pier is for small boats.
Pier edge a total of 708 meters.
Maximum depth at the pier edge 8.0 meters.
The length of the piers with a depth of 7.5 M is 386 meters.
Depth of seal at a minimum of 7 meters and deeper.
The director of Hornafjörður harbors is Vignir Júlíusson vignir@hornafjordur.is
https://www.hornafjordur.is/mannlif/baerinn/saga-hornafjardar/
https://www.hornafjordur.is/stjornsysla/hornafjardarhofn/
五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)
1. Jökulsárlón Glacier Lake
Jökulsárlón (About this soundlisten); literally "glacial river lagoon") is a large glacial lake in southern part of Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland. Situated at the head of the Breiðamerkurjökull glacier, it developed into a lake after the glacier started receding from the edge of the Atlantic Ocean. The lake has grown since then at varying rates because of melting of the glaciers. It is now 1.5 km (0.93 mi) away from the ocean's edge and covers an area of about 18 km2 (6.9 sq mi). In 2009 it was reported to be the deepest lake in Iceland, at over 284 m (932 ft), as glacial retreat extended its boundaries. The size of the lake has increased fourfold since the 1970s. It is considered as one of the natural wonders of Iceland.
The lake can be seen from Route 1 between Höfn and Skaftafell. It appears as "a ghostly procession of luminous blue icebergs".
Jökulsárlón has been a setting for four Hollywood movies: A View to a Kill, Die Another Day, Lara Croft: Tomb Raider, and Batman Begins, as well as the reality TV series The Amazing Race. In 1991, Iceland issued a postage stamp, with a face value of 26 kronur, depicting Jökulsárlón.
The tongue of the Breiðamerkurjökull glacier is a major attraction for tourists.
2. Skaftafell National Park
Svartivoss in Skaftafell
Skaftafell in Öræfi is a 4,807 km2 national park established on 15 September 1967. There is lush vegetation between sand and glaciers. The national park was enlarged in 1984 and then again in 2004 and now about two thirds of Vatnajökull are within the national park. When Vatnajökull National Park was established on June 8, 2008, Skaftafell became part of it.
Places of interest within the Skaftafell area include Svartifoss, Kristínartindar, Skaftafellsjökull, Morsárdalur and Bæjarstaðarskógur.
3. Gamlabúð Visitor Center
Vatnajökull National Park's visitor centre in Höfn, Hornafjörður, is located in the building Gamlabúð next to the harbour area. It houses an exhibition about the region's geology, glaciers and culture.
With Hornafjörður being an important stop-over for migrating birds, special attention is given to the bird life of the area. There is also a strong focus on climate change and the effect it will have in the future.
The visitor centre has a small shop, with emphasis on books, souvenirs and local products. The building has wheelchair accessibility.
https://www.south.is/en/services/gamlabud-visitor-centre-hofn
六、历史文化
1.历史
The municipality was created on June 6, 1998 by the merger of the following four municipalities:
Hornafjarðarbær, formed in 1994 by the union of the municipality Höfn í Hornafirði with the rural communities Mýrar (Mýrahreppur) and Nes (Nesjahreppur)
Rural Municipality of Bær (Bæjarhreppur)
Borgarhöfn (Borgarhafnarhreppur)
Rural community of Hof (Hofshreppur).
Höfn in Hornafjörður is an urban area by Hornafjörður in the Southeast and is the main urban core of the Municipality of Hornafjörður. 1,710 people lived there in 2019.
Residence began in Höfn in 1897 when the merchant Ottó Tulinius moved there, with his family, from Papós. Ottó Tulinius was an Icelandic merchant and founder of Hafnar in Hornafjörður. He and his wife Valgerður Friðriksdóttir started living in Höfn in Hornafjörður in the summer of 1897. Ottó lived in Höfn from 1897 to 1901 but then he moved from Höfn to Akureyri. Ottó and Valgerður had a total of six children. Gradually formed in urban areas around the trade and shipping and the town had a special take home, port Parish, in early 1946, but until then had been subject Nesjahraun walked away. Höfn received town rights at the end of 1988. On July 12, 1994, Höfn and Nesjahreppur merged again, together with Mýrahreppur, under the name Hornafjarðarbær .
On June 6, 1998, Hornafjarðarbær, Bæjarhreppur, Borgarhafnarhreppur and Hofshreppur merged under the name Sveitarfélagið Hornafjörður.
2. 文化体育
Höfn (“Harbour”)—known from 1994 to 1998 as Hornafjarðarbær—is the second largest town found in the region, famous for its cultural heritage, stunning panoramas and glittering fjord. The town’s biggest industries are tourism and fishing, the latter of which is divided into both sea fishing and factory processing.
Culture is thriving in Höfn; the town boasts excellent education and welfare services, a public library, football club, several museums, a golf course, numerous hotels and a variety of shops. Of particular note is Gamlabúð ("Old Shop"), the oldest building in town, that has been utilised as a merchant’s post, a general good’s store and, now, an information centre for Vatnajokull National Park.
In the centre of Höfn, one can find Hornafjörður Art Museum. During the summer, the museum dedicates itself to the creative works of Icelandic artist, Svavar Gudnason, whilst the winter months are focused on exhibiting the work of new artists. The town also boasts a 25 m swimming pool, complete with jacuzzis, an ice bath and a steam room. There is also a cultural center in Suðursveit dedicated to Þórbergur Þórðarson, a writer who was born and raised in Hali in Suðursveit, where you can learn about the poet's life and writing.
https://guidetoiceland.is/travel-iceland/drive/hornafjordur
七、其他信息
Annual Lobster Festival
The festival was first held in 1993, when the Municipality of Hornafjörður took care of the implementation of the festival for the first few years, but later NGOs took over and with the active participation of shops, restaurants and companies in Hornafjörður, organized the Lobster Festival. The festival has been held under the auspices of lobster, as Höfn has been known for fishing and processing lobster.
On the centenary of Höfn in 1997 was the largest Lobster Festival ever held, when Hornafjörður was visited by about four thousand guests. The festival has become established and has become the center of summer in Hornafjörður and there are many who do not miss a single festival.
The festival has made a name for itself in the country's town festivals and residents take part by decorating the town with orange decorations and some have started offering lobster soup on their plots. Attempts are made to have a program for everyone, NGOs, residents and companies are encouraged to participate and have events at the Lobster Festival.
https://www.hornafjordur.is/mannlif/vidburdir/humarhatid/
八、联系方式
Mayor: Ásgerður Kristín Gylfadóttir
Telephone: 470 8000
Email: afgreidsla@hornafjordur.is
https://www.hornafjordur.is/english