Grundarfjarðarbær 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-06-15
一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积
Grundarfjörður is a small town, situated in the north of the Snæfellsnes peninsula in the west of Iceland. It is situated between a mountain range and the sea. The nearby mountain Kirkjufell forms a small peninsula. Kirkjufell, one of the most famous mountains in Iceland is the landmark of Grundarfjörður and visible from all angles in town. The town has an area of 148 square kilometers and a population of 872.
二、自然地理
1.地理条件
Grundarfjörður is located in Snæfellsnes which is a long headland in western Iceland between Faxaflói to the south and Breiðafjörður to the north. Fjallgarður runs along the length of the headland but the highest mountain on the headland is Snæfellsjökull (1446 m) which is a cone of fire. Snæfellsjökull is famous for the alleged mystical forces that are said to live in it and for being the starting point for the adventures of the protagonists in the book The Mysteries of Snæfellsjökull by Jules Verne.
Some are built along the shores of the headland and several urban cores on its north coast, they are Stykkishólmur, Grundarfjörður, Ólafsvík, Rif and Hellissandur, counted from east to west, but all these are villages and towns that base their income mostly on fishing. To the south are two small towns, Arnarstapi and Hellnar. To the west of the headland was in previous years an extermination station in Dritvík and then the village of Beruvík, which has been deserted for many decades.
The town received the right to do commerce in 1786. Around 1800, French merchants came to Iceland and lived in Grundarfjörður, where they constructed a church and a hospital of their own. The town has become rich through the fishing industry, and this wealth shows in the style of the original, luxurious houses being built.
The road to nearby Stykkishólmur crosses a big lava field, called Berserkjahraun. The name of the lava field comes from the Eyrbyggja saga, according to which two Berserkers were slain here by their master, because one of them fell in love with his master's daughter.
Many natural tourist attractions are located within and very near this municipality which makes it a great destination for tourist accommodation.
2.交通情况
Public transport between Grundarfjörður and Reykjavik is available daily in summer. In winter, buses operate on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Sundays.
There is also public transport available between Hellissandur and Stykkishólmur with additional stops in Rif, Ólafsvík and Grundarfjörður. Available daily during summer and in winter on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Sundays.
The bus stop is at the N1 gas station (Grundargata 38, 350 Grundarfjörður). The time schedule for the bus service is available on www.straeto.is. Tickets are sold at the Saga Center (Grundargata 35, 350 Grundarfjörður).
https://www.grundarfjordur.is/is/eng/public-transport
三、经济发展和规模
The municipality's operating income for the year amounted to ISK 1,170 million, according to the consolidated income statement for Parts A and B, while the budget estimates for operating income from ISK 1,200 million. Part A operating income amounted to ISK 996 million, while the budget estimate for operating income amounted to ISK 1,030 million.
Municipality consolidated income statement A and Part B was 83.3 million. The operating result in part was ISK 39.3 million, while the financial plan for the year was ISK 24.8 million. The municipality's equity at the end of the year amounted to ISK 933.1 million according to the balance sheet, but the excess equity in Part A amounted to ISK 790.6 million.
https://www.grundarfjordur.is/is/stjornsysla/fjarmal/arsreikningar
四、产业特点/重点项目
The harbor is the district's lifeline. Excellent harbor facilities and favorable natural conditions have encouraged the growth of the fishing sector. Well-established fishing companies operate in Grundarfjörður. They possess quotas for a variety of species, which means that fishing activity is evenly distributed throughout the year. The industry has been developed with a view to the future and today, Grundarfjörður's harbor is one of the 10 largest quota-fishery harbors in the country with the biggest demersal catch in West Iceland being landed here.
Nature, community life, and the area's history have attracted many tourists from both Iceland and abroad to visit Grundarfjörður. Grundarfjörður is the perfect place for discovering Snæfellsnes as it is so centrally located. There are also a number of activities on offer from Grundarfjörður such as horseback riding, kayaking, whale watching, glacier tours, birdwatching boat tours, and sea angling. An impressive mountain range offers interesting hiking opportunities and excellent views over the area.
五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)
1. Kirkjufell Mountain
Kirkjufell (Icelandic: Church Mountain) is a 463 m high mountain on the north coast of Iceland's Snæfellsnes peninsula, near the town of Grundarfjörður. It is claimed to be the most photographed mountain in the country. Kirkjufell was one of the filming locations for Game of Thrones season 6 and 7, featuring as the "arrowhead mountain" that the Hound and the company north of the Wall see when capturing a wight.
The mountain is sometimes described as one of the most peculiar if not the most beautiful mountains on Snæfellsnes. Kirkjufell, which is believed to have been called Firðafjall before it got its current name, is climbed by fairly good mountaineers, but there are several examples of people falling to their deaths throughout history. Kirkjufell west of the mountain station and on the neck Vadaand these two mountains are separated from the main mountain range. Above Kirkjufell the giant linear rocky mountains, moors corners, (578 m) and can be in this area see, from spectacle and hill geology, unusually clear relics of erosion of glaciers and streams and shaping the landscape ahead of glaciers from the last ice age and the last million years.
You can walk around the mountain, which is as if separated from the main mountain range and takes about three hours. Unaccustomed mountain people are advised against climbing, although the mountain is quite possible.
2. Snæfellsjökull National Park
Snæfellsjökull National Park was established on June 28th, 2001.The Park's purpose is to protect and conserve the area's unique landscape, indigenous plants and animal life as well as the important historical relics. At the same time, the Park is meant to allow visitors easier access as well as an improved opportunities to get to know the area. National parks are amongst Iceland's finest assets and everyone is free to explore them.The Snæfellsjökull glacier lies within the national park, and the park is the only Icelandic national park that stretches to the sea. The geology of Snæfellsnes national park is diverse with formations from almost every era of Iceland’s past. The more prominent formations in and around the National Park mainly date from geologically “modern” times back to the last ice age. The hills to the north of the glacier, around Bárðarkista, are of volcanic palagonite tuff, formed during eruptions under the glacier or below the surface of the sea. Svalþúfa is most likely the eastern section of a crater that erupted under the sea, while Lóndrangar is a volcanic plug.
https://www.west.is/en/inspiration/snaefellsjokull-national-park
3. History Center in Grundarfjörður
The Saga Center in Grundarfjörður accommodates several interesting exhibits about the town in former times. All exhibitions are free of charge and are open during the opening hours of the library.
Þórðarbúð is a replica of an old shop from the fifties. The shop was a convenience store run by Þórður Pálsson. The display depicts the shop at Christmas time when it turned into a lovely toy store. There is also an old fishing boat on display. The boat Brana was built in 1913. It is a six-oar rowboat, typical for the Breiðafjörður area, made of oak and pine wood. The boat is surrounded by fishing gear and other utensils for farming. Available in the Saga Center is also one of two cannons that were unearthed from the beach at Kirkjufell. They are from a French whaling boat that stranded there in 1720. Next to the exhibition is also a children's play area with some “natural toys” such as seashells, horns and leg bones. These items were used as children's toys in the past.
Apart from these exhibits, the Saga Center also houses a library, an information center, and the Bæringsstofa photo exhibition. The Grundarfjörður Library is located in this building. It offers general library services and also serves as the information center for tourists. The Tourist Information Center provides information about the Snæfellsnes peninsula and other inquiries. It also provides access to a computer and WiFi internet.
Bæringsstofa is a small theater that has regular slide show viewings of a photographic collection of life in Grundarfjörður through the ages. The photos are from Bæring Cecilsson (1923 - 2002), an Icelandic photographer and honorary citizen of Grundarfjörður.
https://www.grundarfjordur.is/is/eng/culture-festivals/saga-centre-grundarfjordur
六、历史文化
1.历史
Grundarfjörður has been an important trading place for many centuries, thanks in part to the fact that the town has a good harbor and its location in the middle of Snæfellsnes. The oldest records of trade in Grundarfjörður are from the settlement period when ships came to Salteyrarós (which is probably where Hálsvaðall is now called west of Kirkjufell). There are many antiquities in this area, which indicates a lot of activity during the Viking Age. Grundarfjörður town was an ancient town that stood on Grundarkampi at the bottom of the fjord and ruins from various times have been found there.
Trade there increased significantly in the 15th century and after the monopoly trade Grundarfjörður grew by leaps and bounds and the place was registered as one of the first six trading places in the country by legislation in 1786. Grundarfjarðarkaupstaður was also made the capital of the West Region and was to be the center of trade and services in the county. This law was peculiar because it was not allowed to trade in the western part of the country without having civil rights in Grundarfjörður. The first zoning plan in Iceland and probably the only one in Iceland built with city planning is from Grundarfjarðarkaupstaður. Signs of this settlement can be found at Grundarkampi.
Much is said about the settlement of Snæfellsnes in the Icelandic saga Eyrbyggja.
2. 文化体育
The town has some interesting cultural sites:
Saga Centre in Grundarfjörður - accommodates several interesting exhibits about the town in former times.
Bæringsstofa - small movie theater in the Saga Centre, named after the photographer from Grundarfjörður, Bæring Cecilsson (1923-2002). An interesting slideshow of his pictures about life in Grundarfjörður through the ages is presented in the cinema.
The town also offers some interesting pieces of outdoor art to explore:
Lúðvík Karlsson - local folk artist. About 25 of his interesting stone sculptures are on display all over town. He also has a workshop and gallery in Sólvellir 6.
Statue “Sýn" - stands next to the church in Grundarfjörður. It is a tribute to the life and work of fishermen and was created by Steinunn Þórarinsdóttir.
Orca Sculpture - by Unnsteinn Guðmundsson. Snæfellsnes is the only area in Iceland where orcas are seen regularly and this sculpture shall raise awareness of these fascinating animals.
Paimpol Cross - a monument to commemorate the French sailors who drowned in Icelandic waters erected at Grundarkampur, the ancient Grundarfjörður trade site.
"Umkringja" - five photographs from Nina Zurier installed on the exterior of an old fish factory next to the harbor in Grundarfjörður. This installation was part of the art exhibition Nr. 3 - Umhverfing that included a variety of different exhibits all around the Snæfellsnes peninsula.
七、其他信息
Grundarfjörður is a vibrant and culturally rich community, and reflecting this they hold many festivals and celebrations each year. Below is a list of a few of them.
Fisherman's Day - The Fisherman's Day is celebrated all around Iceland on the first Sunday of June. This day is dedicated to all those who are involved in the country's fisheries, particularly those working at sea. All the fishing vessels are docked on this day so that the seamen can spend the day with their families. It is celebrated with different events for the whole family in Grundarfjörður.
The Thirteenth - The Last Day of Christmas - On January 6, the last day of Christmas is celebrated with a bonfire and fireworks. Þrettándinn can be translated as the thirteenth night after Christmas. It's the day when the last of the 13 Yule Lads heads back to the mountains. It is also believed that this night has a special connection with hidden people. According to myth, it is one of the days when the hidden people and elves make themselves visible to humans.
Twilight days - Rökkurdagar is the Cultural Festival in Grundarfjörður which takes place every year in October. During these “dark days”, various events are held in town.
https://www.grundarfjordur.is/is/eng/culture-festivals/annual-festivals
八、联系方式
Mayor: Björg Águstsdóttir
Telephone: 430 8500
Email: grundarfjordur@grundarfjordur.is
https://www.grundarfjordur.is/is/eng/grundarfjordur-municipality