Garðabær 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-06-15

一、所属省或是州，具体位置，人口，面积

Garðabær is a growing town in the Capital Region. It is the sixth largest town in Iceland with a population of 13,872 (Sept 1, 2013), and a total area of 74.4 square kilometers.

The site of Garðabær has been inhabited since Iceland was first settled in the 9th century. Landnámabók, the Book of Settlement, tells of two farms on the site of Garðabær: Vífilsstaðir and Skúlastaðir. The former was named after Vífill, who was a slave of Ingólfur Arnarson, the first settler of Iceland. Ingólfur gave Vífill his freedom and he made his home at Vífilsstaðir. 

二、自然地理

1.地理条件

There are many nature reserves surrounding Garðabær, and the view from various sites in Garðabær is spectacular. From many areas in Garðabær the impressive Snæfellsjökull (Snæfells Glacier) can be seen to the north-west, as well as Mt. Esja, and there is also a good view over the capital Reykjavík and the neighbouring town of Kópavogur. The view to the south includes the mountains of the Reykjanes Peninsula.

Reykjanes is a small headland on the southwestern tip of Reykjanesskagi in Iceland. The region is about 9 km (5.6 mi) from Iceland's international airport.

There was a prolonged period of constant volcanic activity on the peninsula, the Reykjanes Fires, from the 10th to the 13th century; between 1210 and 1240 about 50 square km of land were covered in lava. The area is fed by five volcanic systems; geological evidence suggests that they seem to activate in a coordinated way about every 1,000 years.

In the twelve weeks from 21 January 2020, after centuries of relative inactivity, there were more than 8,000 earthquakes and about 10 cm of land uplift due to underground magma intrusions on the peninsula, leading to concerns of a new phase of activity which could cause disruption for centuries.

As the name means "smoking peninsula" connected to volcanic activity, there are also other peninsulas by this name in Iceland, eg. the peninsula of Reykjanes in Ísafjarðardjúp.

2.交通情况

The city is connected to the Hringvegur , Iceland's most important artery, via road 41 . Keflavík Airport is 42 kilometers to the southwest and can be reached in 30 minutes by car.

三、经济发展和规模

From Garðabær’s 2017 financial report:

The municipality's operating income for the year amounted to ISK 14,050 million. kr. according to the annual accounts for Parts A and B, of which the operating income of Part A amounted to ISK 13,199 million. kr.

The tax rate was 13.70% and the statutory maximum is 14.52%. The tax rate for real estate tax in category A was 0.235% but the statutory maximum is 0.5%, in category B the tax rate was 1.32% which is mandatory and in category C the tax rate was 1.65% but the statutory maximum is 1.32% in addition to the authority of local governments to increase the levy on categories A and C by up to 25%.

The operating result of the municipality, according to the annual accounts of Parts A and B, was positive by ISK 1,153 million. ISK, but the operating result of Part A was positive by ISK 792 million. kr. according to the income statement. The municipality's equity at the end of 2017 amounted to ISK 15,708 million. kr. according to the balance sheet, but the equity of Part A amounted to ISK 14,275 million. kr.

Data from audit report of municipality operations done in 2019:

At the end of 2017, 30 municipalities had a higher debt ratio than Garðabær.

Garðabær's debt ratio was 84.8% at the end of 2017.

Garðabær was in third place over the largest relative increase in population in 2010 and 2019 in municipalities with more than 1,000 inhabitants.

In 2018, working capital from operations as a percentage of revenue was 14.2%. Thus, it is clear that during the period working capital from operations was fully sufficient

https://www.gardabaer.is/stjornsysla/utgefid-efni/frettir/uttekt-a-stjornsyslu-rekstri-og-fjarmalum-gardabaejar

https://www.gardabaer.is/stjornsysla/utgefid-efni/arsskyrslur/

四、产业特点重点项目

The only IKEA store in Iceland is located in Garðabær, as is the only Costco store. The town is also home to Marel hf., the largest company on NASDAQ OMX Iceland by market capitalisation. Also, Garðabær has the headquarters of the companies 66 ° North and Marel .

380 studios, the TV studio for the children's television programmes LazyTown and LazyTown Extra and the headquarters for Lazytown Entertainment, is located in the town.

Objectives for the preparation of the 2021 budget:

That the result of the budget shows a positive result, given e.g. to major economic variables

does not develop in an even worse way, streamlining will follow and state support will be tangible. That the debt ratio does not exceed 110% in 2021 and 100% in the following years.

That basic services will not be reduced due to a reduction in tax revenue. That the tax rate will remain at 13.7%. That the levies on the population be kept as low as possible. That the utmost restraint be maintained in the operation of the town.

五、风景名胜，景点( attractions)

1. Icelandic Design Museum

Hönnunarsafn Íslands is run by Garðabær with an agreement with the Ministry of Culture from 2007. The museum's exhibition facilities are at Garðatorgi 1 in Garðabær.

The Icelandic Design Museum is intended to show and preserve the part of Icelandic cultural history that relates to design, especially from the turn of the century 1900 to the present day. Since the museum was founded in 1998, inputs have been received on a regular basis. A large part of the collection has come as gifts. The museum also buys, as far as possible, significant items in the history of Icelandic design. Hönnunarsafn Íslands is responsible for educational work that is not only limited to its exhibitions and strives to strengthen book choices on Icelandic and international design so that the Icelandic academic community and the general public can benefit from it. Hönnunarsafn Íslands collaborates with other countries within the museum platform and works actively within the Icelandic museum platform.

The museum records and preserves items such as furniture, useful objects, clothing, art design, printed matter and more.

https://www.gardabaer.is/mannlif/menning-og-listir/honnunarsafn-islands/

2. Bessastaðir Official Residence of the President of Iceland

Bessastaðir is today the official residence of the President of Iceland and is situated in Álftanes, not far from the capital city, Reykjavík.

Bessastaðir was first settled in 1000. It became one of Snorri Sturluson's farms in the 13th century. After Snorri's murder in September 1241, Bessastaðir was claimed by the King of Norway. Thereafter it became a Royal stronghold and the dwellings of the King's highest-ranking officers and officials in Iceland. It resisted an attack by Turkish slave raiders in July 1627. In the late 18th century Bessastaðir was changed into a school for a few years, before becoming a farm. In 1867 the farm was purchased by the poet and statesman Grímur Thomsen, who lived there for almost two decades. Among later owners were editor and parliamentarian Skúli Thoroddsen, and his wife, Theodóra Thoroddsen, who was well known for her literary works. In 1940 Sigurður Jónasson bought Bessastaðir and donated it to the state in 1941 as a residence for the Regent and later the President of Iceland.

3. Hofsstaðir by Kirkjulund

Archaeological excavations at Hofsstaðir began in 1994, where relics of the second largest settlement hut found in Iceland were found. The pavilion dates from the end of the 9th century and bears witness to the great intentions that the first inhabitants of the country had in mind. The results of the research shed important light on the lives and work of people at the beginning of settlement during the Viking Age.

When it became clear how important the antiquities at Hofsstaðir are, the town council of Garðabær decided that they should be preserved and their environment made attractive and accessible to the public. The relics are accessible in a memorial garden next to the site of Tónlistarskóli Garðabær at Kirkjulundur in Garðabær.  

Hofsstaðaskálinn is about 30 meters long and 8 meters wide on the outside, but its floor area is about 170 square meters. Walls were made of turf and stones, slabs were laid in the lobby and a floor in front of the hut. A mud floor and a long fire were in the middle of the hut. The lettering was made of wood and it was not unlikely that a sleeping loft was present. The bowl has probably been paneled with wood on the inside. It was a big farm.

It is not known with certainty who built the hut or who trod the foundations there, although one thing and another can be found about the inhabitants of Reykjanes. Based on the size of the hut, it can be assumed that 20-30 people lived there, including slaves and laborers. Hofsstaðir is within the land that Ingólfur Arnarson, the first settler kept for himself and only 2 km from Vífilsstaðir where Vífill, Ingólfur's freedman, lived.

https://www.gardabaer.is/mannlif/menning-og-listir/minjagardur-ad-hofsstodum/

六、历史文化

1.历史

Garðabær is a growing town in the Capital Region. It is the sixth largest town in Iceland with a population of 13,872 (Sept 1, 2013).

Garðabær, like Hafnarfjörður further south, was built on the lava of Búrfell, which erupted around 7,200 years ago.

The site of Garðabær has been inhabited since Iceland was first settled in the 9th century. Landnámabók, the Book of Settlement, tells of two farms on the site of Garðabær: Vífilsstaðir and Skúlastaðir. The former was named after Vífill, who was a slave of Ingólfur Arnarson, the first settler of Iceland. Ingólfur gave Vífill his freedom and he made his home at Vífilsstaðir.

In Landnámabók, settlements are mentioned in the area of today's Garðabær with the homesteads Vífilsstaðir and Skúlastaðir that already existed at the time of the conquest. Vífilsstaðir was the court of Vífill, a slave of Ingólfur Arnarsons, the first settler on the island. Garðabær still had a rural character until the 1960s. Due to the increased emigration from the sparsely populated regions of the island and the resulting concentration of the total population in the capital region around Reykjavík, the population of Garðabær also increased (1960: 1000, 1976: more than 4000 inhabitants), whose outskirts now to the surrounding cities adjoin. In 1976 the place received the market rights and got the status of a city. Garðabær is essentially a city characterized by modern, purpose-oriented architecture, the predominantly loose development of the housing estates is striking. In early 2013, Álftanes merged with Garðabær.

2. 文化体育

The core city itself offers hardly any sights. The Icelandic Museum for Design and Applied Arts, founded in 1998, and the two architecturally modern and simple church buildings, including the white concrete church Vídalínskirkja built in 1995 and the older Garðakirkja as well as the town hall tower, which can be seen from afar, deserve special mention. In addition, in the district of Álftanes, there is the presidential residence Bessastaðir and Bessastaðakirkja, one of the oldest church buildings in Iceland.

七、其他信息

Monuments in Garðahverfi and elsewhere in Garðabær 

Monuments in Garðahverfi in Álftanes are unique, not least for the whole that they form together. Such a cultural landscape is rare. There and in Gálgahraun you can find more than 250 known archeological remains. The planning of the settlement in Garðahverfi has its roots in at least the Middle Ages. There you will find remarkable relics, variously well preserved, about hunting, farming, transportation, religion, schooling, even legal history. There, the settlement was fenced with loaded gardens, a defense park lay along the sea and on the northeast side, the large Garðatúngarður stretched from Balatjörn in the southeast, through Dysjamýri and Garðaholt, to Skógtjarn in the northwest. There are, for example, town halls, lips, wells, outbuildings, gardens, stairwells, sheepfolds, sheepfolds, barns, cemeteries, execution sites, stones with inscriptions and ancient paths. At Hausastaðir in Garðahverfi, Hausastaðaskóli was built in 1759, the first boarding school specifically for children of the common people. The ruins are obvious.

https://www.gardabaer.is/umhverfi/umhverfismal/fornleifar/

八、联系方式

Mayor: Gunnar Einarsson

Telephone: 525 8500

Email: gardabaer@gardabaer.is

https://www.gardabaer.is/