Bíldudalur，Iceland 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-01-20
一、人口，面积
Bíldudalur is a village situated on the coast of Arnarfjörður, one of the Westfjords in Iceland. It is situated in the Vesturbyggð municipality and has 200 inhabitants (as of January 2016). The village prospered in the 19th century thanks to sound business enterprise and the booming fishing industry. Ólafur Thorlacius (1761–1815) set up business in Bíldudalur following the end of the Danish trade monopoly. He was one of the most influential businessmen in Iceland at the beginning of the 19th century. He bought and sold fish, traded goods and ran his own small fishing fleet. One of his successors, Pétur J. Thorsteinnsson (1854–1924) successfully continued this operation.
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the decline of the fishing industry and the imposition of strict quotas by the Icelandic government led the town to diversify its economy. The village is now home to a factory, which provides employment to many residents, processing a mineral-rich algae found in abundance in the fjord. The village is also becoming a popular tourist destination, especially for fishing trips and for artists seeking to gain inspiration from the spectacular scenery. Close by the town there is also a fjord of literary significance, Geirþjófsfjörður, where the Icelandic Gísla saga was played out.
二、自然地理
1.地理条件
Bíldudalur is a village south of Arnarfjörður and is in fact the only urban area by the fjord. The place stands by Bíldudalsvogur which enters from the fjord. To the north of the scale is Bíldudalsfjall and to the south Otradalsfjall, which is often called Bylta by the locals. The village has a total population of 208 (2019). Previously, Bíldudalur belonged to a district, Bíldudalshreppur, but is now part of Vesturbyggð.
2. 交通情况
The village and neighboring area is served by Bíldudalur Airport. In the south of the Westfjords there are 3 settlements. Between them there are scheduled buses, daily flights to Bíldudalsflugvöllur and the Breiðafjörður ferry Baldur sails over Breiðafjörður to Brjánslækur.
cheduled cars drive between the settlements in Vesturbyggð and in Tálknafjörður. An airport shuttle runs to and from Bíldudalsflugvellir in connection with all scheduled flights from all three cores.
In Vesturbyggð, high mountain roads are part of the main routes in the municipality. It is important to carefully monitor the information about movement and weather before heading to the mountains. Here is information about traffic and weather on the main mountain roads in Vesturbyggð, directly from Vegagerðin.
The ferry Baldur sails all year round over Breiðafjörður from Stykkishólmur on Snæfellsnes to Brjánslækur on Barðaströnd. The ferry also stops in Flatey. Sea voyages take care of the sailings.
Direct scheduled flights are daily from Bíldudalsflugvellir to Reykjavík. The airport is located about five kilometers southeast of Bíldudalur, by Arnarfjörður.
三、经济发展和规模
Vesturbyggð is governed by elected representatives in the municipality's municipal council. The town council and other committees deal with certain issues in the operation of Vesturbyggð. The town council of Vesturbyggð is composed of 7 town representatives who are elected by proportional representation for four years at a time and 7 alternates. The town council manages the municipality according to the provisions of the Local Government Act.
The town council is in charge of the municipality's financial and executive management together with the mayor. The council oversees the operation of all institutions under the auspices of the municipality. The town council reports directly to the town council. The town council consists of three town representatives elected by the town council in June for one year at a time, and three alternates. In addition to the mayor's representative, the mayor has the right to attend council meetings with freedom of speech and the right to make proposals. The town council may authorize a party or candidate to be represented on the town council to nominate an observer to sit on the town council with freedom of speech and the right to make proposals.
Vesturbyggð's organization chart shows how the administration is organized. The day-to-day operation of the municipality is the responsibility of the mayor and he is responsible for the heads of departments and departments. The municipality publishes the annual accounts of its operations on the web after they have been approved by the town council. The financial statements show Vesturbyggð's results, operating costs, assets and liabilities.
Vesturbyggð's annual accounts are prepared in accordance with the Local Government Act, the Annual Accounts Act and the Regulation on Accounting, Budgets and Annual Accounts of Municipalities.
The municipality's operating income during the year amounted to ISK 1,546.0 million. kr. according to the annual accounts for Parts A and B, of which operating income for Part A amounted to ISK 1,281.9 million. kr. The tax rate was 14.52%, which was the statutory maximum in 2019. The property tax rate was 0.45% in category A, while the statutory maximum is 0.625%. In Class B, the tax rate was 1.32%, which is the statutory rate. In category C, the tax rate was 1.65%, which is the statutory maximum.
The operating result of the municipality according to the annual accounts of Parts A and B was positive by ISK 10.1 million. kr. while in Part A the operating result was negative by ISK 69.3 million. kr. The municipality's equity at the end of 2019 amounted to ISK 532.5 million. kr. according to the balance sheet, but the equity of Part A amounted to ISK 380.2 million. kr.
The current Covid-19 pandemic will have a significant impact on many areas around the world, including the economy. There is considerable uncertainty about the economic impact of the epidemic, e.g. due to uncertainty about how long it will last and what the effect will be after it expires. It can be expected that the impact on the municipality's operations will be significant, e.g. due to lower tax revenues and other income, deferral of due dates and increased expenses.
四、产业特点/重点项目
The aim of social services provided by the municipality is to assist individuals and families in temporary difficulties. The guiding principle is to support the individual or the family for self-help so that each individual can enjoy themselves to the fullest in society. There are two golf courses in Vesturbyggð. At Hólar by Bíldudalur and in Vesturbotn in Patreksfjörður inside the village.
The municipality handles snow removal in urban areas in Patreksfjörður and Bíldudalur. An annual snow removal plan is made, which is approved by the town council. Vegagerðin takes care of snow removal and maintenance of national roads within the municipality, to and from.
At a town council meeting on January 9, 2019, an snowmobile plan was presented in urban areas for the winter of 2018–2019. The town council confirmed the snow removal plan with changes. Snow removal plans can be seen below.
Vesturbyggð lies in the magnificent nature of the Westfjords. It is the duty of all; municipalities, residents, utilities and visitors to take good care of nature and its environment. It is much easier to keep the environment clean if everyone helps.
In Vesturbyggð, all waste is sorted for recycling or disposal. By doing so, we all help to keep our environment clean. The area has three container yards; in Patreksfjörður, Bíldudalur and Tálknafjörður.
Animals, both pets and livestock, are the joy of their owners and can improve society. However, certain rules must apply to animal husbandry. In the municipality there are valid agreements on animal husbandry. You need to apply for a permit to keep dogs and cats, for example.
There is no veterinarian in Vesturbyggð, but a veterinarian from Ísafjörður comes regularly and provides regular services for pets. Announcements about the arrival of a veterinarian are published here on the web and on social media.
Local planning is done for individual areas or plots of the municipality. The local plan is based on the policy that appears in the master plan and it is implemented for the relevant area or squares to form a complete picture. In the local plan, decisions are made about plots, land use, building plots, settlement patterns, the appearance of structures and shapes, as appropriate. The municipality publishes current local plans on the web.
五、风景名胜，景点
1. The library in Patreksfjörður
The library in Patreksfjörður is housed in Patreksskóli. Its heart is the book option, where a librarian and information specialist works who provides a variety of services. In addition to book lending, there are visits to social work for senior citizens, services at the preschool and extended attendance of primary school children, and services for students at all school levels. Distance learning services include e.g. includes assistance with document search in various databases, assistance with bibliography and bibliography systems. In addition, there are library facilities for working, either individually or in groups.
The library in Patreksfjörður is based on reading societies that were founded by idealistic people and worked in Patreksfjörður for years. Today, the library is a conglomeration of public and school libraries. Its role is to provide access to diverse archive material and information in various forms. Like other libraries in the country, the library is intended to equalize access to culture and knowledge, promote cultural and scientific activities, enjoyable reading and information literacy, with access to library options that reflect as many points of view as possible.
2. Churches
There are eight churches in Vestubyggð as well as two in Tálknafjörður. Many of them are remarkable houses, some from the middle of the 19th century and two among the oldest concrete churches in the country. Today, one priest serves in the Patreksfjörður parish, which covers Vesturbyggð and Tálknafjörður. Patreksfjarðarkirkja was built in the years 1904 to 1907. The church is concrete and only two concrete churches are known that are older, Bíldudalskirkja and Ingjaldshólskirkja in Hellissandur. Patreksfjarðarkirkja belongs to Patreksfjarðarsókn in Patreksfjarðarprestakalli in Vestfjarðaprófastdæmi.
There was no church in Patreksfjörður before the prayer house was in Geiteyri in Catholic times. Eyrarbúar had an attack on Sauðlauksdalur. The priesthood was founded in 1907 and reached Eyrar and Laugardalur. The church was consecrated in a solemn ceremony on Pentecost 19 May 1907 by Rev. Bjarni Símonarson, who was then Provost of Barðstrendingar. The church had been under construction for over three years and was considered a great endurance of the young congregation, which had been established by law from the Althing in 1903.
It was Sigurður Magnússon, district physician and then parish committee chairman, who designed the church, but Markús Snæbjörnsson, a merchant in Geirseyri, donated land for it and a cemetery that was consecrated in 1904. It was the stonemason Guðmundur Einarsson who oversaw all the stonework at the church. Jónas Jónasson, Jósep Magnússon and Björn Lárusson saw to the carpentry work at the church.
The church seats about 200 people. One can point to the pulpit of the church, on which the symbols of the evangelists are made in a mosaic by Erró in 1957 on the 50th anniversary of the church. The altarpiece of the church is a replica of Carl Bloch's painting, "One thing is necessary." Patreksfjarðarkirkja celebrated its 100th anniversary on Sunday 20 May 2007.
3. Museums, exhibitions and sets
There are numerous museums and exhibitions in the area that share life, culture, history and nature of the Westfjords. To the west is a museum at Hnjótur in Örlygshöfn and in the far reaches of Arnarfjörður you can find Samúel Jónsson's artwork in Selárdalur.
At Hnjótur by Örlygshöfn is a unique collection of remarkable objects from the south of the Westfjords that tell the story of fishing, agriculture and daily life. The objects provide a good insight into the struggle for survival and the resourcefulness and self-preservation efforts that people had to make in order to survive in difficult situations. The museum contains many interesting objects, including Gísli's hat in Uppsala and objects related to the rescue operation at Látrabjarg in 1947.
Melódíur Minninganna is the music collection of Jón Kr. Ólafsson, a singer who opened on June 17, 2000 and is a bit of a fairytale world in Bíldudalur. There you can see Haukur Morthens' red jacket and Björk's first album, Arabadrengurinn. The museum contains objects from the Icelandic music scene from the sixties to the seventies. The museum contains photographs from the music scene in Iceland, clothing and items from well-known musicians, albums, personal belongings, advertising posters and much more. Fragments of history in the form of images, memorabilia and music that would otherwise have disappeared from Icelandic music history. At the museum it is also possible to access the music of Jón Kr. Ólafsson for sale. Sight is richer in history. A number of monsters have been seen off the coast of Iceland over the centuries and in the last two hundred years they have been most common in the Westfjords.
Four head monsters are best known and they have all been seen in Arnarfjörður. These are Fjörulalli, Faxi, Skeljaskrímsli and Hafmaður. The Monster Center keeps track of monster stories that have lived with the nation through the centuries. It tells about human encounters and monsters in an innovative and exciting way. The fun setting of the show has impressed the guests and come as a pleasant surprise.
六、历史文化
1.历史
Bíldudalur has a long and significant history, including one of the monopoly store's shopping centers. Soon after the trade was released at the end of the 18th century, Ólafur Thorlacius acquired the store and operated a deck ship and cargo ship from there, selling fish directly to Spain. Pétur J. Thorsteinsson also ran a large business in Bíldudalur between 1880 and 1910 with fishing and trade, and used Péturskrónur for this purpose. During the time that Pétur was a shipowner, the population increased and a large village began to form on the site. Shortly after Thorsteinsson moved away, Hannes Stephensen Bjarnason and Þórður Bjarnason took over trade and fishing in Bíldudalur. One of the most famous Bílddælingar is Guðmundur Thorsteinsson, son of Pétur J. Thorsteinsson, better known as Muggur. In 1918, Hnúksá, above the town, was harnessed.
Gísli Jónsson, Member of the Althing, owned a lot of property in Bíldudalur for a while and he established the factory that produced Bíldudalur green beans and after that product the family festival in Bíldudalur has been named. In 1943, the so-called Þormóðsslys took place and it was a big shock for Bíldudalur and Bílddælingar because many villagers died in it. The local church, Bíldudalskirkja, was built in 1906, but before that Bílddælingar attended Mass in Otradalskirkja.
2. 文化体育
The young inhabitants of Vesturbyggð are guaranteed a good education for as long as possible. The municipality has two kindergartens, two primary schools, an upper secondary school from FSN and a music school. The upper secondary school gives young people the opportunity to stay longer in their home area than otherwise.
In Vesturbyggð there are two libraries, theater companies, cinemas and numerous exhibitions and museums. In addition, there is a powerful music school in the municipality and NGOs regularly host cultural events.
There are two sports centers in Vesturbyggð, Brattahlíð in Patreksfjörður and Bylta in Bíldudalur. The neighboring municipality of Tálknafjörður also has a swimming pool and a sports center. Two swimming pools on Barðaströnd are open during the summer; at Flókalund and at Birkimel.
七、其他信息
In Patreksfjörður, there is a knowledge center that is intended to be at the fingertips of individuals and the business community with various advice and information. There, employees of institutions and other facilities, such as the Westfjords Education Center, the FSN Framahaldsdeild, the Environment Agency and the Westfjords Agency:
Westfjords Education Center, Eva Dögg Jóhannsdóttir 490-5095 / 866-7780, Email patro@frmst.is
Framhaldsdeild Fjölbrautaskóli Snæfellingar, Eydís Þórsdóttir 456-8400 / 8457365, Email eydis@fsn.is
Environmental Agency, Edda Kristín Eiríksdóttir, Email edda@ust.is
Náttúrustofa Vestfjarði,Margrét Thorsteinsson 832-8418, Email margretth@nave.is
八、联系方式
Town Manager: Rebekka Hilmarsdóttir
Phone:450 2300
Email:baejarstjori@vesturbyggd.is
Address:Aðalstræti 75, Patreksfjörður
https://vesturbyggd.is/english/
https://vesturbyggd.is/stjornsysla/baejarstjorn-og-nefndir/baejarstjori/