Macuspana, Tabasco 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-11-17
1.Population and Area
Pop: 79 748 (city)
Area: 2.437 km2 (city)
Elev: 25 masl
Macuspana location in Mexico within the state of Tabasco
https://goo.gl/maps/Dvck9uX7ZaZyaYPd8
2. Natural geography
Nature and weather
Hydrography
The municipality is located in the Grijalva-Usumacinta hydrological region (RH30) within the Grijalva Villahermosa basin (the largest in the state, 41% of the global surface), the Chilapa river sub-basin.
The main bodies of water are represented by the Tepetitán, Puxcatán, Tulijá, Maluco and Chilapa rivers.
The most important lagoons are La Mixteca, Ramón Grande, Medellín, Sarlat, La Sombra and Chilapa.
Flora and fauna
The fauna of the place is very varied, in general the pejelagarto can be found throughout the state, there are also wonderful birds such as parrots, quetzals, toucans and hummingbirds. There are also spider monkeys, squirrels, anteaters, rabbits, lizards, pochitoques, frogs, toads, poisonous snakes like the nauyaca and non-poisonous ones like the boa. There are some animals that are about to disappear in this place or in danger of extinction such as the sarahuato monkey and the jaguar that only inhabit the state parks that are in the place such as the white water state park or part of the reserve of the Pantanos de Centla biosphere since parts and large areas of this reserve are in Macuspanense territory. Due to the abundance of flowers and fruits, termites, ants, wasps and bees abound.
Its flora is very abundant and the type of rainforest vegetation predominates in the south and east of the municipality, although there are areas of swampy vegetation to the north and areas of tropical savanna to the west.
There are precious wood trees such as mahogany and cedar and representative trees macayo, royal palm, corozo, jobo, willow, samán, pitche, tatuán, rubber tree, tinto, barí, bread tree and salacia, millenary like the ceiba, and those with beautiful flowers such as the macuilí and the framboyán.
Likewise, there are fruit trees such as sapote, mamey, tamarind, cocoa, orange, Mexican lime, banana, pitaya, tangerine, vanilla, guava, mango, papaya, caymito and soursop.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipio_de_Macuspana
Weather
The Macuspana lies on 13m above sea level Macuspana has a tropical climate. There is significant rainfall throughout the year in Macuspana. Even the driest month still has a lot of rainfall. The climate here is classified as Af by the Köppen-Geiger system. The average temperature in Macuspana is 26.2 °C | 79.1 °F. About 2387 mm | 94.0 inch of precipitation falls annually.
Getting there and around
Get there
By air – The cheapest way to get from Mexico City to Macuspana is to fly which costs $900 - $1500 and takes 3h 5m, including transfers. You can fly to the Villahermosa airport and take a bus or drive from there to Macuspana. The quickest flight from Mexico City Airport to Villahermosa Airport is the direct flight which takes 1h 20m.
By car – The distance between Mexico City and Macuspana is 713 km. The road distance is 800.5 km.
By bus – There are services departing from México TAPO and arriving at Macuspana via Minatitlán and Coatzacoalcos. The journey, including transfers, takes approximately 13h 1m.
https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Mexico-City/Macuspana
Car Rental – To explore Mexico’s provincial towns and cities—including its beach locations and the scenery and attractions near them— consider renting a car for your visit. Having your own car will give you more flexibility than using public transport options and, in some cases, offer you access to places which are otherwise difficult to visit without the use of a car.
COVID19 – International entry into Mexico from United States
Allowed for: All visitors arriving by air. Mexico land borders are closed to non-essential travel
Restricted for: There are no current restrictions.
Get around
Local Buses – Local buses and mini-buses (combis or micros) are available locally for a fraction of the cost of a taxi around town. You need to speak Spanish to be able to ask for directions or ask the driver to tell you where to get off.
Taxis – Taxis in most of Mexico’s towns and cities are not metered, so agree your price before you get in. Taxi travel is very affordable in Mexico, in comparison to the USA, Canada and Europe, and so provides a viable means of public transportation in Mexico. Your hotel can arrange taxis for you; some post their rates on a board in the lobby; taxi hotel rates are usually higher than cabs you hail off the street. If you speak Spanish, you will have a distinct advantage and be able to negotiate a price with the driver.
Uber is expanding rapidly across Mexico and now offers services in cities across the country, including: Mexico City, Toluca, Cuernavaca, Puebla, Querétaro, León, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Hermosillo, Tijuana, Mexicali, and Mérida. Uber has been adding Mexican cities to its network every year, check for availability when you arrive at your destination in Mexico.
Cabify and Didi are also developing and currently operate in cities including Mexico City, Toluca, Monterrey, Puebla, Querétaro and Tijuana. Check for availability in the city you are visiting.
These services offer people with smartphones a way to book a cab through a mobile app for a pre-agreed price. Fares are comparable with Sitio type cabs, and sometimes trade at a premium to this when local demand increases.
https://www.mexperience.com/transport/taxi-travel-in-mexico/#51
3. ECONOMY
GDP: 15,359 M MXN (2010)
https://imco.org.mx/ciudades2010/ciudades/84_Macuspana.html
4. Industry characteristics
The municipality of Macuspana bases its economic activity on the extraction of hydrocarbons, especially natural gas. The oil industry is an important element since the petrochemical gas industry is one of the main employers in the local economy. It is the only municipality in the state in which there is a more diversified economic activity, since it has few but important industries. In a State where the predominant activity is the extraction and management of oil resources, although Macuspana has the only industry in the state that is part of the processing of this raw material. It is also the only municipality that houses another industry that is the cement and gravel production. That is why the Swiss transnational, Holcim Apasco, since the 80s, chose this place in the Mexican southeast to set up the largest Portland cement factory in the country. Similarly, agricultural activity has a prominent role, since Macuspana stands out at the state and regional level as home to an important production of cattle, since the municipalities with the highest livestock activity are Balancán, Huimanguillo and Macuspana. It is also a center of services, commerce and the largest economy in the Sierra and Los Ríos region, being a reference economic enclave for the municipalities of these regions of Tabasco and Northeast Chiapas. It should be noted that the energy reform and the world oil crisis have caused unemployment and inequality levels to rise, due to cuts. Although Tabasco does not stand out as a highly industrialized state and its economy is linked to two areas (energy and oil), Macuspana is one of the municipalities with the greatest diversity in its economy.
The economy of the city of Macuspana is based mainly on oil activity in the area. In its surroundings, the "Cd. Pemex" Gas Processing Complex is located, one of the main natural gas producers in Mexico produces approximately 1200 MMPCD, and from where the Cd. Pemex-México-Guadalajara and Cd. Pemex gas pipelines depart -Mérida; as well as several oil batteries and several fields with hundreds of oil producing wells.
The discovery of gas in Macuspana prompted the construction of an absorption plant in 1958 and a gas pipeline in 1960, and due to the demand for products derived from natural, dry and liquid gas, another absorption plant was built in 1962 (Gobierno del Estado de Tabasco, 2010).
The discovery of the first oil fields in Tabasco, in the Municipality of Macuspana, began oil exploitation with the fields of "Fortuna Nacional", "Vernet", "Morelos" and "José Colomo". This generated a flow of rural labor, from other states of the republic and even from abroad. The construction of Ciudad Pemex and the cryogenic plant together with the existing petrochemical complex, represented the creation of a planned city, unique in the Southeast, built in 1970 in Macuspana, gave way to a significant increase in population, the extension of urbanized area , and infrastructure.
This contributed to the population and economic increase that the Southeast Railroad had paid to the municipalities that had this communication network, among which were Huimanguillo, Teapa, Macuspana and Tenosique. We can add to this the fact that since 1948 Macuspana was part of the Gulf Circuit route, which runs from the port of Veracruz to the Yucatan Peninsula, which kept the municipality within the economic dynamics and promoted its importance as one of the 3 economic pillars of the State of Tabasco together with the municipalities of Cárdenas and Centro.
30 km from the city of Macuspana in the Pob. Buenavista, the distribution center and the Cemento Holcim Apasco plant are located, the only one in the country that manufactures Class H cement, cement used only in the oil industry. This cement plant employs a large number of people in the municipality, in addition to being a strong driver of the municipal economy.
Another source of employment is the municipal government, also in the vicinity there are several gravel pits that extract the product from the Macuspana hills. As well as chains of supermarkets and local businesses.
Key project: Waste management plant
Geocycle and the municipality of Macuspana, Tabasco, inaugurate a new plant to optimize the management of urban solid waste. The agreement will benefit 150 thousand inhabitants with a safe, efficient and ecological solution.
With a shared investment of 25 million pesos, the Geocycle company and the Macuspana City Council, Tabasco, signed a collaboration agreement. The objective: to optimize waste management. It will benefit 150 thousand inhabitants with a safe and ecological solution for 21.6 thousand tons of urban solid waste deposited annually in the municipal landfill.
The initiative is part of a local government program through collaboration to optimize the management of urban solid waste. It seeks to mitigate environmental liabilities and help preserve the health, safety and quality of life of the inhabitants of Macuspana.
The World Bank says that Mexico is the largest generator of waste in Latin America per capita. 1.16 kilograms per day of garbage are produced per day per Mexican. According to Semarnat, Mexico generates 42 million tons of urban solid waste per year. The State of Tabasco generates around 2% of the country's MSW with 889.5 thousand tons per year. The municipality of Macuspana produces 64 thousand tons according to the most recent information from the entity.
https://coprocesamiento.org/inauguran-planta-para-optimizar-la-gestion-de-residuos
5. Attractions
Agua Blanca
The Agua Blanca State Park or Agua Blanca Ecological Reserve is a protected natural area (ANP) located in the municipality of Macuspana, Tabasco state, Mexico, and that protects an area of 2 025 ha, being decreed on December 19, 1987.
The reason for its creation was to protect the heritage of the flora and fauna of the State of Tabasco, promoting the conservation of its representative ecosystems, whose fragility makes them susceptible to alteration by human activities, to conserve their natural beauties Norman and rationale -lifting productive activities, as well as carrying out basic research in the field of ecology and in the proper management of the wealth of natural resources that the state of Tabasco has.
The reserve is located in the southeast of the state of Tabasco, in the region known as "Sierra de Agua Blanca" in the municipality of Macuspana, just 20 km from the municipal seat and 60 km southeast of the city of Villahermosa, the capital. of the state.
Cerro El Tortuguero
This hill is one of the highest in the state, there is the archaeological site of Tortuguero, an ancient Mayan population, whose remains have been destroyed by the gravel and cement companies in which they extract stone material from the hill. These are small mounds, bases and building structures that have not yet been fully unearthed that are found on the slopes of the hill.
In recent years it has acquired worldwide relevance, when the so-called "Stela 6" was found, announcing the end of an era on December 21, 2012. Said stela is fragmented into 7 parts, of which 4 are localized. in the Regional Museum of Anthropology "Carlos Pellicer Cámara of the city of Villahermosa, capital of the state, 2 more fragments are in a museum of the city of New York and one more is in the possession of a private collector. Unfortunately the hill at the moment is not It is open to the public as the digging continues to find more vestiges of the Mayan culture.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipio_de_Macuspana#Turismo
Diviértete en AGUA BLANCA Macuspana, Tab. Mex.
https://youtu.be/vEydgHqWY_I
6. History
The historian and naturist José Narciso Rovirosa, in an essay on the origins of Macuspana written in 1893, assures that the foundation of the town of Macuspana was on February 17, 1665, when an image of the Lord appears in a cedar box. de la Salud at the confluence of the Huapinol stream and the Puxcatán river; the priest of Jalapa ordered the construction of the hermitage of "Señor de la Salud" populating the surroundings of it and resulting in the foundation of Macuspana in the current site.
On March 12, 1840, the federalist forces of Fernando Nicolás Maldonado took Macuspana and ignored the government of General José Ignacio Gutiérrez in Tabasco.
On May 23, 1848 by decree of the H. Congress of the State, the population of Macuspana is elevated to the rank of town with the denomination of town of San Francisco de Macuspana; Deputies Marcelino Gutiérrez, Gregorio Payró and Clemente de Sala signed the decree.
That same year, Miguel Bruno, led an uprising against the government in San Juan Bautista and took over the military command of the state, which was occupied by Domingo Echegaray.9 Due to the serious difficulties arising from the control of the military command of Tabasco which was Colonel Miguel Bruno Daza refused to deliver. On June 9, 1848, Governor Justo Santa Anna moved to the town of Macuspana, which he named the provisional capital of Tabasco.
On April 9, 1849, José Narciso Rovirosa Andrade was born in the town of San Francisco de Macuspana, who was a great naturist, scientist and historian, considered one of the illustrious men of Tabasco.
The State Congress officially decreed on January 4, 1851, as a municipal fair, the festivities that were held annually in the town of Macuspana between May 15 and 16.
In March 1868, rebels led by Ezequiel Jiménez and Juan Correa were defeated in the town of Macuspana by government forces under the command of Pomposo Díaz del Castillo.
In 1930, the municipal seat was elevated to the category of city.
7. Other Information:
Macuspana municipal president resigns and Tabasco Congress decrees disappearance of powers
Over the weekend, the Tabasco Congress decreed the disappearance of powers in Macuspana, after the municipal president and all his councilors presented their resignations in unclear circumstances.
On September 2, the municipal president of Macuspana, Tabasco, Roberto Villalpando Arias, as well as eleven council members and ten alternates submitted their resignation. The State Congress decreed the disappearance of powers and appointed a municipal council, headed by Mauro Winzig Negrín, a former PRI member who joined the Morena party in 2015.
Roberto Villalpando argued that he requested leave for health problems, however in a letter signed by himself, Villalpando stated that his resignation was due to the complex moments that have arisen in recent times within the municipal public administration and that obstruct the governance in the municipality.
On social networks, copies of payroll receipts from the Macuspana City Council were released where dozens of people were paid as airmen.
Among the people who got paid without going to work is Rodrigo Winzing Negrin, brother of the new president of the Municipal Council of Macuspana.
https://noticieros.televisa.com/ultimas-noticias/renuncia-presidente-municipal-macuspana-congreso-tabasco-decreta-desaparicion-poderes
8.Contact Information
City Mayor: Mauro Winzig Negrín (first councilor)
Phone number: +52 (936) 362 8010
E-mail: presidencia@macuspana.gob.mx
Website: https://macuspana.gob.mx
Govt. Office Address: Plaza de la Constitución, S/N, Col. Centro, Macuspana, Tabasco, C.P.: 86700