Orizaba, Veracruz 作者：  来源：  发布时间：2021-11-17

1.Population and Area

Pop: 120,995 (city)

Area: 27.9 km2 (city)

Elev: 1235 masl

Orizaba location in Mexico within the state of Veracruz

https://goo.gl/maps/kP9m9kbFPR33Ex3s7

2. Natural geography

Nature and weather

Hidrography

The city of Orizaba is included within the hydrographic basin of the Papaloapan River. Being a place surrounded by mountains and by the constant rainfall during practically the whole year, Orizaba, which bears in its name to be a place of happy waters, is surrounded by bodies of water that are tributaries of the Blanco River, highlighting above all the river that It winds its way from north to south crossing the city center through several bridges. This river is born on the slopes of the Pico de Orizaba and its waters are fed to the Blanco river, it is known simply as the Orizaba river. There are other streams born from the Escamela hill, some of which already only exist underground, such as the hot stream, the avocado stream and the Tlilapan river. There is also the Ojo de Agua lagoon at the foot of the Escamela hill and on the border with the municipality of Ixtaczoquitlán from where the river of the same name is born, which also tributes its waters to the Blanco river.

Orography

The city is located in a valley surrounded by mountains that belong to the Sierra Madre Oriental, among which the peak of Orizaba or Citlaltépetl (Cerro de la Estrella) stands out, which is the highest mountain in Veracruz and Mexico with 5747 meters above the sea level.

The Citláltepetl is a currently inactive volcano that erupted several times during the colonial era, the last one in 1687, being an important part of the history and landscape of Orizabe, as well as the hill that can be seen in the heart of the city; It is the historic Cerro del Borrego, with its 1240 meters above sea level, which it shares with the municipalities of Ixhuatlancillo and Río Blanco and which witnessed important historical events of national significance such as the Taking of Orizaba by Morelos during the War de Independencia15 and the Battle of Cerro del Borrego during the French intervention.

At the moment the city council of Orizaba built a cable car through which it will be possible to access its top. To the east is the "magical" hill of Escamela, which is a place surrounded by legends and that it shares with the municipality of Ixtaczoquitlán, at the foot of the which is the Ojo de Agua lagoon, fossil remains have been found and recently it is becoming a tourist attraction. To the south of the city, the Zongolica mountain range appears through the San Cristóbal hill, at the foot of which is the Mexico-Veracruz highway.

Weather

Orizaba has an unusually wet dry-winter subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwb).

The city of Orizaba has a temperate-humid climate all year round; In the spring months, due to the effects of "suradas" (the name of the Föehn effect in Orizaba), the thermometer reaches 32 degrees, to later give rise to a "north" effect, which indicates bad weather, cold temperatures , fogs and rains; In the first fortnight of June, the formal rains arrive that last until the last days of October (although the rainfall is greater during the month of July); During this period, due to the high humidity, the days are not so hot, as well as the nights are not cold, that is, the maximums are around 25 degrees and the minimums around 16 degrees; the autumns in the city are very short and hardly distinguishable; During this period that lasts from the end of the rainy season to the first frost that marks the beginning of winter, the trees shed their leaves and present ocher and yellow colors, the days are cool, clear and with low humidity; During winter (which lasts from the last days of November to the first half of February) cloudy days, with fogs and drizzles, are common, although clear days are also present.

Getting there and around

Get there

By air – Being a relatively small city by Mexican standards, it is not possible to get to Orizaba in a commercial flight from a major airline. However, it is possible to reach the city flying to Mexico City International airport and taking a bus directly to Orizaba from the airport.

If you know someone or are alone when travelling to Orizaba, it may be more convenient to fly into Veracruz International Airport in the city of Veracruz. The drive to Orizaba is about 3 hours long, but the roads are fairly well maintained. There are numerous car rental companies in Veracruz.

The reason for flying into Veracruz vice Mexico City is for several reasons: 1) Traffic in Mexico City is notoriously horrible. Veracruz traffic is considerably thinner and easier to manage. 2) The mountain overpass between Orizaba and Mexico City is extremely dangerous, with sharp turns and angles of nearly twenty degrees vertical. During the winter it is nearly inaccesible and not recommended for driving.

By car – Getting to Orizaba by car is easy. From Mexico City, take the Mexico-Veracruz highway. Orizaba is about four hours from Mexico's capital. Travel from Veracruz airport is easy on the national toll road (4-lane) and typically takes 90 minutes.

By bus – Major bus companies (ADO, ADO GL, UNO, AU, etc) offer service to Orizaba. Rates vary according to quality service. Seniors have 50% off when traveling by ADO.

https://wikitravel.org/en/Orizaba

Car Rental – To explore Mexico’s provincial towns and cities—including its beach locations and the scenery and attractions near them— consider renting a car for your visit. Having your own car will give you more flexibility than using public transport options and, in some cases, offer you access to places which are otherwise difficult to visit without the use of a car.

COVID19 – International entry into Mexico from United States

Allowed for: All visitors arriving by air. Mexico land borders are closed to non-essential travel

Restricted for: There are no current restrictions.

Get around

Local Buses – Local buses and mini-buses (combis or micros) are available locally for a fraction of the cost of a taxi around town. You need to speak Spanish to be able to ask for directions or ask the driver to tell you where to get off.

Taxis – Taxis in most of Mexico’s towns and cities are not metered, so agree your price before you get in. Taxi travel is very affordable in Mexico, in comparison to the USA, Canada and Europe, and so provides a viable means of public transportation in Mexico. Your hotel can arrange taxis for you; some post their rates on a board in the lobby; taxi hotel rates are usually higher than cabs you hail off the street. If you speak Spanish, you will have a distinct advantage and be able to negotiate a price with the driver.

Uber is expanding rapidly across Mexico and now offers services in cities across the country, including: Mexico City, Toluca, Cuernavaca, Puebla, Querétaro, León, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Hermosillo, Tijuana, Mexicali, and Mérida. Uber has been adding Mexican cities to its network every year, check for availability when you arrive at your destination in Mexico.

Cabify and Didi are also developing and currently operate in cities including Mexico City, Toluca, Monterrey, Puebla, Querétaro and Tijuana. Check for availability in the city you are visiting.

These services offer people with smartphones a way to book a cab through a mobile app for a pre-agreed price. Fares are comparable with Sitio type cabs, and sometimes trade at a premium to this when local demand increases.

https://www.mexperience.com/transport/taxi-travel-in-mexico/#51

3.  ECONOMY

GDP: 42,568 M MXN (2010)

https://imco.org.mx/ciudades2010/ciudades/49_Orizaba.html

4. Industry characteristics

The Orizaba's area (including the municipalities of Ixtaczoquitlán, Río Blanco, Nogales and Cd. Mendoza) economy has grown significantly in the last years due to the safety of the area, being of great confidence for national and foreign investors who wants to establish in a safe place. Another important reason is the presence of recognised Universities like Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba or Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Central de Veracruz en Córdoba. The industry is mainly focused in the following areas: breweries, paper, cement, pharmaceutical, iron and steel sector, soft drinks and food, leather and shoemaker companies among others. Also in the last years the commercial area experiments a significant growth due to the opening of new Malls & Major Retailers. It is one of the cheapest cities to live and invest in México, as Mercer consultory published in the "Estudio de costo de la vida nacional 2012"; this study includes 42 localities of México, and was done comparing 182 products and services.

The inquiry also disclose that Orizaba's Valley will grow 10% in 2013, due to the lack of pollution, existence of enough water and other points like price of housing.

5. Attractions

Palacio de Hierro (Iron Palace)

For your first stop, head to Madero Street in the old Plaza de Armas and feel like you're in France when you visit this building, whose design was inspired by art nouveau popular by the famous Eiffel Tower.

The Porfirian government contacted a Belgian company (with the famous French engineer was collaborating with this company) to build something similar and thus reaffirm the status of this city as the most cultured and refined in Mexico.

Inaugurated on September 16, 1894, the Palacio de Hierro (Iron Palace) is presumably the most beautiful building in Orizaba. Made with forged iron mixed with wood and bricks, something that makes it unique in the world.

Its construction was not easy, it was one of the first prefabricated monuments, it was sent in three steamships that sailed from Belgium to the Port of Veracruz. From there it was transferred by train to its final destination. Due to its beauty, when it was finished, it served for some years as the building for the Palacio Municipal (Municipal Palace) and until today it retains its original structure.

Nowadays it houses the Tourism offices and several small museums that are worth visiting such as: a beer museum, the Cuna del Fútbol (Soccer’s Cradle), the Museo Raíces de Orizaba or MURO (Orizaba Roots Museum); as well as the Planetario Rodolfo Neri Vela (Rodolfo Neri Vela Planetarium). Visitors never miss the opportunity to have a drink in its cafeteria, one of the most elegant around.

At the end of the tour, take advantage of its excellent location to take a walk through the Historical Center or visit the Catedral de San Miguel Arcángel (Cathedral of San Miguel Arcángel)

https://www.visitmexico.com/en/veracruz/orizaba/palacio-de-hierro

Orizaba Cablecar

Can you imagine seeing the city of Orizaba with the eyes of a bird? This is possible by visiting the cable car. It is easy toget there by following the Paseo del Río route, heading towards the Animal Reserve, crossing a suspension bridge in front of the jaula de los monos (the monkeys cage). There you will find the ticket office to buy your tickets. You can also ask for the Plaza Pichuacalco, it is easy to find, it is behind the Palacio Municipal (Municipal Palace).

This attraction, inaugurated in 2013, transports a little over 150 passengers per hour along its 917 meters (3008 feet) in length and at its highest point reaches a height of 320 meters (1049 feet), making it the second highest in the country.

Although the tour lasts about five minutes, on board one of its cabins you will have one of the most privileged views of all of Orizaba. The magic does not end there, as it takes you to the top of Cerro del Borrego where you can find an eco-park.

Once you have reached the hill, let yourself be caught by the panoramic view offered by the viewpoint: the city in all its splendor with the Citlaltépetl volcano in the background.

Es momento de sacar el espíritu aventurero que llevas dentro. No sabrás elegir entre todas las actividades que el parque ofrece: lanzarte por una tirolesa, volverte un ángel con una escultura de alas que hay para tomarte una fotografía, organizar un picnic, visitar su antiguo fuerte o entrar a las instalaciones del Museo Geográfico de Orizaba.

It is time to bring out the adventurous spirit in you. You will not be able to choose between all the activities that the park offers: jump down a zip line, become an angel taking yourself a picture with a sculpture of wings, organize a picnic, visit its old fort or enter the facilities of the Museo Geográfico de Orizaba (Orizaba Geographical Museum).

https://www.visitmexico.com/en/veracruz/orizaba/orizaba-cable-car

Orizaba’s Peak

Legend goes that the god Quetzalcóatl, one day climbed the slopes of this volcano searching for the path to eternity. Upon reaching the crater, the fire burned his body and soul taking the shape of a quetzal. The ashes that remained floating in the air covered the sun for four days and only then did the majestic bird fly, revealing its plumage so bright that it looked like a star in the sky. Since then, it was called Citlaltépetl (Cerro de la Estrella/Star’s Hill).

This volcano, 77 kilometers (47 miles) from the city of Orizaba, is a must see. Its white landscapes and natural wealth, hypnotize adventure lovers. One of the best times of the year to visit it is in autumn and winter, when from the mountainside you can see the star Venus cross the sky to place itself just above the crater, as a mystical reminiscence of the legend.

The last centimeter of its 6,000-meter (19685 foot) height, since it is a matter of great pride to boast that you reached the top of the highest volcano in Mexico and the third highest in North America. It is these experienced climbers who can get to know the Jamapa glacier, the only glacier that remains intact

For beginners or with less condition, the Parque Nacional Pico de Orizaba (Pico de Orizaba National Park) also has options such as mid-mountain hiking, mountain biking or walks to take pictures of its flora (pines, firs and holm oaks), fauna (coyotes, hares, weasels , deer, pumas, moles, rabbits) and landscapes that include crystal clear rivers and impressive canyons.

https://www.visitmexico.com/en/veracruz/orizaba/orizabas-peak

Minatitlán naturalmente mágico

https://youtu.be/PKGglSGtuek

6. History

On January 27, 1774, the king granted Orizaba the title of town. By means of a certificate of December 18, 1776, King Carlos III granted the town coat of arms and the right to use a banner.

The National College was founded on February 19, 1825, by the priest of Huatusco, José Sánchez Oropeza.

Orizaba was granted the title of city by decree of November 29, 1830. In 1836 Lucas Alamán y Escalada founded the Cocolapan textile factory, the first in Orizaba.

On September 17, 1839, the first newspaper La Luz was founded. The Governor Francisco Hernández y Hernández, issued on July 10, 1863, the decree that establishes that the state be called Veracruz-Llave, in honor of the Orizabeño General Ignacio de la Llave.

The decree of May 8, 1874 authorized that the Powers of the State reside in Orizaba, later the decree of 1878 also determines the residence of the Powers in the City of Orizaba and as of 1885 the Powers are transferred to the City of Xalapa. In 1881 the great painter José María Velasco, considered the best Mexican landscape painter, produced the work El Puente de Métlac.

In 1887 the municipality of Barrio Nuevo was extinguished, annexing its territory to that of Orizaba. In 1896 the important beverage industry Cervecería Moctezuma, S.A. was founded.

On November 10, 1914, Cándido Aguilar, Governor and Military Commander, provisionally declared the city of Orizaba the capital of the state, later the provisional governor Miguel Aguilar issued a decree dated December 3, 1916, declaring the provisional capital, the city of Cordova.

On April 28, 1959, the Concession Title granted to the Moctezuma Brewery to take advantage of the waters of the Orizaba River was published.

In 1992 the building of the Oratory of San Felipe Neri was restored, which houses the State Art Museum.

Aurelio Ortega, chronicler and researcher, gave Orizaba the poetic title of Nuestra Señora de los Puentes, currently the City has 32 bridges.

7. Other Information: Orizaba gastronomy

The gastronomy of the city of Orizaba is one of the most varied and traditional in the state of Veracruz due to the large number of people arriving from various parts of the world who gave origin, flavor and color to the regional gastronomy, having among its The main characteristic strong dishes are the chileatole, which is a dough, corn and chili stew that is served as a snack at night, accompanied by pambazos of Polish meat or string cheese. There are two varieties of chileatole, the green one that is used to put chito meat which is dried goat meat or the red chileatole which is put dry shrimp and ground shrimp. The food is garnished with lemon juice, mayonnaise and grated cheese.

Fritangas are also traditional from Orizaba, which are dough-based fried foods that are eaten for breakfast or dinner at night. During the day they eat the picadas, which are tortillas with the chopped edge to serve as a plate and put inside green or red sauce and macha sauce, minced onion and ground jarocho cheese. Pumpkin flower tacos with ground pork rinds are also eaten for lunch. At night, memelas are consumed, which are a mixture of dough with beans that becomes a thick tortilla to which, once fried, cheese, beans and cream are also added on top in addition to its sauce. There are chicken, picadillo or string cheese empanadas, the garnachas that are very popular on the coast, which are also fried tortillas with sauce and shredded meat or chicken and sauce, the tostadas with chicken or with shredded meat and the very popular tripas that are tacos of pork tripe with lettuce, onion and its traditional sauce, cream and cheese.

Orizaba leg cakes have become another important Orizaba tradition as they are the way to prepare the meat and the filling of the cakes imitated by other original torterías to the extent that there are many torterías in the center of Orizaba that compete with each other to offer the most delicious and cheapest cake possible at the same time. As for stews, the barbecue tesmole is traditional, the beef or chicken tesmole that in some other regions of the state is called chileatole to this stew and the largest of all the typical foods of Orizaba is the chayote because there are previously many crops in the city of this vegetable and that gave the Orizabeños the nickname of chayoteros. The chayote can be consumed as a side dish or as a main dish in both salty and sweet foods, having the sweet chayote as one of the typical dishes most representative of the chayote and Orizaba. The chayotextle which is a root derived from the chayote; It is prepared capeada with tomato sauce and it can also be prepared filled with cheese. This tuber is also part of gastronomy from Orizaba.

8.Contact Information

City Mayor: Igor Fidel Roji López

Phone number: +52 (272) 726 2222, ext. 3257

E-mail: presidencia@orizaba.gob.mx

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/IgorRoji

Twitter: https://twitter.com/iroji

Website: http://www.orizaba.gob.mx

Govt. Office Address: Colón Poniente 320, Centro, 94300 Orizaba, Ver.