Minatitlán, Veracruz 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-11-16
1.Population and Area
Pop: 157,840
Area: 4124 km2 (munip.)
Elev: 20 masl
Minatitlán location in Mexico within the state of Veracruz
https://goo.gl/maps/kP9m9kbFPR33Ex3s7
2. Natural geography
Nature and weather
Orography
The municipality is located in the Isthmic zone of the state; most of its soil is of extensive plains.
Hydrography
It is watered by an abundant network of rain currents, in which the Uxpanapa, Nanchital and Coachapan rivers stand out. It has some streams and tributary lagoons of the Coatzacoalcos river.
Flora and fauna
35,591.68 Ha made up of 2 types of primary vegetation, its value lies in the relationship of its evergreen tropical forest with that of Las Choapas and Uxpanapa, which together make up the largest ecosystem that still exists in Veracruz. As well as its aquatic vegetation.
The ecosystems that coexist in the municipality are the high forest with liana and epiphytic plants that remain always green, in the lower parts, mahogany, amate, where a fauna composed of populations of rabbits, opossums, iguanas and deer develops.
Natural resources
Its wealth is represented by minerals such as sulfur, sandbar and gravel bank; it also has the Lázaro Cárdenas refinery.
https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/497/49712336007.pdf
https://veracruz.mx/destino?Municipio=108
Köppen Classification: Tropical Monsoon Climate
Tropical monsoon climate, occasionally also known as a tropical wet climate or tropical monsoon and trade-wind littoral climate in climate classification, is a relatively rare type of climate. Tropical monsoon climates have monthly mean temperatures above 18°C (64°F) in every month of the year and feature wet and dry seasons, as Tropical savanna climates do. Unlike tropical savanna climates however, a tropical monsoon climate's driest month sees less than 60 mm (2.36 in) of precipitation. Also a tropical monsoon climate tends to see less variance in temperatures during the course of the year than a tropical savanna climate. This climate has a driest month which nearly always occurs at or soon after the "winter" solstice for that side of the equator.
The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Am". (Tropical Monsoon Climate).
The average temperature for the year in Minatitlán is 78.1°F (25.6°C). The warmest month, on average, is May with an average temperature of 83.3°F (28.5°C). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 71.4°F (21.9°C).
The highest recorded temperature in Minatitlán is 110.3°F (43.5°C), which was recorded in February. The lowest recorded temperature in Minatitlán is 35.6°F (2°C), which was recorded in January.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Minatitlán is 89.9" (2283.5 mm). The month with the most precipitation on average is September with 16.9" (429.3 mm) of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is April with an average of 1.4" (35.6 mm). In terms of liquid precipitation, there are an average of 123.8 days of rain, with the most rain occurring in September with 17.6 days of rain, and the least rain occurring in April with 2.7 days of rain.
https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=930107&cityname=Minatitl%E1n%2C+Veracruz%2C+Mexico&units=
Getting there and around
Get there
By air – The quickest way to get from Mexico City to Minatitlán is to fly which costs $1900 - $3100 and takes 2h 41m, to Minatitlan International Airport. Minatitlán International Airport is located in Cosoleacaque, Veracruz, Mexico, near Minatitlán.
By car – The distance between Mexico City and Minatitlán is 507 km. The road distance is 569.6 km. and takes approximately 6h 15m to get there, to a cost of $ 1500 - $ 2000, including tolls and gasoline.
By bus – The cheapest way to get from Mexico City to Minatitlán is to bus which costs $550 - $1200 and takes 8h 30m. there is a direct bus departing from México TAPO and arriving at Minatitlán. Services depart hourly and operate every day.
https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Mexico-City/Minatitl%C3%A1n
Car Rental – To explore Mexico’s provincial towns and cities—including its beach locations and the scenery and attractions near them— consider renting a car for your visit. Having your own car will give you more flexibility than using public transport options and, in some cases, offer you access to places which are otherwise difficult to visit without the use of a car.
COVID19 – International entry into Mexico from United States
Allowed for: All visitors arriving by air. Mexico land borders are closed to non-essential travel
Restricted for: There are no current restrictions.
Get around
Local Buses – Local buses and mini-buses (combis or micros) are available locally for a fraction of the cost of a taxi around town. You need to speak Spanish to be able to ask for directions or ask the driver to tell you where to get off.
Taxis – Taxis in most of Mexico’s towns and cities are not metered, so agree your price before you get in. Taxi travel is very affordable in Mexico, in comparison to the USA, Canada and Europe, and so provides a viable means of public transportation in Mexico. Your hotel can arrange taxis for you; some post their rates on a board in the lobby; taxi hotel rates are usually higher than cabs you hail off the street. If you speak Spanish, you will have a distinct advantage and be able to negotiate a price with the driver.
Uber is expanding rapidly across Mexico and now offers services in cities across the country, including: Mexico City, Toluca, Cuernavaca, Puebla, Querétaro, León, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Hermosillo, Tijuana, Mexicali, and Mérida. Uber has been adding Mexican cities to its network every year, check for availability when you arrive at your destination in Mexico.
Cabify and Didi are also developing and currently operate in cities including Mexico City, Toluca, Monterrey, Puebla, Querétaro and Tijuana. Check for availability in the city you are visiting.
These services offer people with smartphones a way to book a cab through a mobile app for a pre-agreed price. Fares are comparable with Sitio type cabs, and sometimes trade at a premium to this when local demand increases.
https://www.mexperience.com/transport/taxi-travel-in-mexico/#51
3. ECONOMY
GDP: 10 083.2 M MXN (2010)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323024280_El_producto_interno_bruto_de_los_municipios_de_Mexico_II_Estados_M-Z
4. Industry characteristics
Based mainly on the oil Industry, petrochemicals and refining. It produces, stores, distributes and markets 10 products of which 8 are energy and are used as fuel; basic petrochemicals: raw material to make synthetic material.
Large plants producing industrial gas, chemical, medicinal and fertilizer products, bottling plants and regional distribution centers.
Its trade is developed; business and service companies are established in the city, generating a great source of employment.
A "regional supply center", important for its size and 6 popular markets.
Key project: Rehabilitation of the Lázaro Cárdenas Refinery
Rocío Nahle García informed that the Lázaro Cárdenas refinery, in Minatitlán, is 56% complete with 32 repairs carried out and 18 completed; which has involved an investment of 1,800 million pesos. In addition, the Alkylation-2 and Sulfur-1 plants are in the start-up process; as well as the CT-101 cooling tower and two storage tanks.
The head of the Ministry of Energy stressed that control and operations are being retaken, and that the six national refineries comply with the standards. “They have been rehabilitated and three of them have been configured to have greater energy efficiency. We have been moving towards gasoline with a higher octane rating and, at the same time, with the production of ultra-low sulfur diesel in three of them ”, he pointed out.
This rehabilitation is part of the strategy to reverse the dwarfing of the production and distribution processes of the state firm PEMEX, in the face of the entry of private actors into the Mexican energy sector, which was the strategy that the previous government was carrying out.
When the refinery was built, the diesel had up to 15 thousand parts per million of sulfur content; currently, this level has decreased considerably. "Through different technologies, catalysts, new IMP equipment or other companies, it dropped to 500 parts per million; from 15,000 to 500, complying with international environmental standards," Nahle García pointed out. He also pointed out that the Lázaro Cárdenas refinery is the one in which the most has been invested, as it was abandoned and neglected; however, 56% progress has been made in its rehabilitation.
She explained that the budget for 2019 has been distributed with 180 million pesos for labor; 900 million for the acquisition of materials, 461 for specialized services and 259 has been the amount for works; which has closed at 1,800 million pesos for the rehabilitation of the refinery in Minatitlán.
https://energyandcommerce.com.mx/avanza-56-rehabilitacion-de-refineria-cardenas
5. Attractions
Minatitlán Tropical Forest
The Selva Zoque, an important jungle due to its extensions of tropical forests, which makes it cover 11 municipalities of Veracruz, Chiapas and Oaxaca, but the part of the jungle that we can find in Minatitlán is that belonging to the Ejido Gabriel Ramos Millán, here we can carry out ecotourism activities, as well as hiking in different places such as "La Angustura", the "Cueva del Tigre", the "Laguna Turquesa" or "Ojo de la Gringa" and the famous "Poza Azul".
https://www.lugaresturisticosdeveracruz.com/minatitlan
Waterfall of Soteapan
It is considered a jewel of the nature of the state of Veracruz. To get to this place to visit you have to go down some stairs, which have several waterfalls where you can take advantage of to cool off. There is also a viewpoint where you can appreciate the waterfall and the cave. At the foot of it you will find palapas to rest as well as a couple of natural pools where you can swim.
The San Pedro Soteapan Waterfall is possibly the most spectacular of the various natural attractions that the visitor can find in this hot municipality south of Veracruz.
https://www.zonaturistica.com/en/things-to-do/veracruz/acayucan/waterfall-of-soteapan
https://www.fotomedia.com.mx/escapes/cascada-de-san-pedro-soteapan-recorrido-aereo
Lomas of Tacojalpa
Located just three kilometers from the city center, this archaeological site was part of the Olmec civilization. The figure that stands out is a serpent with three heads, one pointing towards Minatitlán, another one to Cosoleacaque and the third, according to the legend, guarding a treasure in the Cerro del Gallo. This place to visit is also known as the Serpent-Jaguar City and among its pyramids and vegetation, it is worth visiting.
It has an area of 549 Hectares, the outline of its main platform enhances the figure of a 3.5 km long Serpent-Jaguar (according to Olmec iconography) with the head cleft in a V shape like the Olmec deities; the jaw is open, a quotation mark is visible on the upper jaw; has a long tongue; there is a platform that shows an inner head as if it were the skeletal support; in this head the V-shaped cleft is better defined, there is no doubt that it is Olmec; the long and wide body ends with a bell; Inside the body there is a platform in the shape of a lying 8 and another platform that simulates an embryonic bag, on top of which the anthropomorphic figure of Quetzalcoatl stands out. This figure is made up of clay pyramids-mounds that constitute five squares or ceremonial spaces, whose satellite image captured in an INEGI cartography allows us to appreciate both forms.
https://www.zonaturistica.com/en/things-to-do/veracruz/minatitlan/the-lomas-of-tacojalpan
http://wikimapia.org/7434066/es/La-Ciudad-Serpiente-Jaguar
Minatitlán naturalmente mágico
https://youtu.be/0a53jlRZbV8
6. History
Chronology of events
In 1826, Tadeo Ortiz Ayala, commissioned by the state government, founded the town of Minatitlán, with a fraction of land that Francisco de Lara y Vargas, a neighbor of Chinameca, gave.
In the year 1828, the population is numerous and the cutting of wood begins, derived from it many commercial houses are established and the population increase in the margin of the Coatzacoalcos river; what was the Old Minatitlán settlement.
On May 28, 1853, the president of the republic declared the town of Minatitlán Villa and head of the territory of Tehuantepec.
On October 18, 1863, the local patriots joined the neighbors of Chinameca, Cosoleacaque and Acayucan, joining the republican forces, waging a bloody battle against the French invaders in the Battle of Totoapan, a glorious date on which they expelled the population. to one of the best and most disciplined armies in the world.
In 1902, the Pearson & Son LTD company began oil exploration in the Emilio Carranza congregation, belonging to Minatitlán.
In 1905, Pearson & Son LTD acquired the lands of Ribera Colorada and La Carbonera, belonging to this municipality to install the first experimental refinery.
In 1909, Pearson & Son LTD sold the refinery to «Cía. Mexican Oil Company El Águila ».
On May 8, 1910, the cargo and passenger service from Minatitlán to El Carmen was established, disappearing the muleteer as a cargo communication with the interior populations.
On the occasion of the celebration of the Centennial of Independence, the canton authorities built the Hidalgo Market and the Independence Park; On September 5, 1910, while Teodoro A. Dehesa was governor of the state, Mariano Caraza, deputy president and Eduardo R. Coronel deputy secretary, signed this decree; "Art 1º.- On the occasion of the first centenary of the proclamation of National Independence, from the 15th of this month, the Villa de Minatitlán, head of the canton of its name, will be elevated to the rank of City"; "Minatitlán is City" and the decree is read on the morning of September 15 of that year; To commemorate this, the Refinery workers present the city with the statue of the father of the country, Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla.
On April 4, 1917, the Cía. Mexicana de Petróleo El Águila, signs the delivery of the lighting for Hidalgo and Juárez streets, Parque Independencia, Cerro del Cuartel, Military Command and the Market of this City, being the Municipal President, R. Vidal Delgado; previously the lighting of the city was made using oil that was changed daily.
In 1921, an airplane appeared for the first time in the skies of Minatitlán, manned by Pablo Sidar Escobar.
On June 18, 1925, the congregations of La Bomba and Mapachapa were added to Minatitlán, and Decree No. 148 was signed by the state governor, Gral. Heriberto Jara and the secretary general of the government, G. Vázquez Vela, published in the Official Gazette. of State No. 75 on June 23 of the same year, since then the boundary problem between the municipalities of Minatitlán and Cosoleacaque has remained.
By the year 1935, Minatitlán already had a population of 25,000 inhabitants, with a lively trade except for a few poorly finished sidewalks on the three main streets and a cobbled section on Hidalgo Street; The streets that became impassable during the rainy season have not yet been paved.
To give it the impetus that Minatitlán needed and consider it one of the most important cities, on August 1, 1934, the hydroelectric plant began its work to provide electricity to the population. A prosperous city had to have someone to make its history and write it as it has been seen yesterday and today in its progress; On August 9 of this year, a man of great vision, Manuel Rodríguez Olán, together with other local journalists, founded the newspaper "La Opinion", and days later he assumed the leadership of this news agency, which since then has been well received by the population; in this year the Red Cross is founded.
By not accepting the company, the ruling of the Federal Board of Conciliation and having rebellion on its part against a supreme mandate, the government declares the "Expropriation of the Industry" that becomes Petróleos Mexicanos; At 11:00 p.m. on March 18, 1938, the alarm from the refinery was heard for a long time, celebrating the decree of expropriation of the oil industry, a momentous event in the city.
In 1961, the municipality of Las Choapas was created, subtracting 2,850 km. to the municipality of Minatitlán.
The decree of October 8, 1963, established the limits between the municipalities of Hidalgotitlán and Minatitlán.
In 1986, the new building of the municipal palace was inaugurated .
In January 2001, Dr. Delfino Álvarez Blanca discovered the archaeological zone of "Las Lomas", municipality of Minatitlán; «The Serpent-Jaguar City, Quetzalcoalpan».
7.Contact Information
City Mayor: Nicolás Reyes Álvarez
Phone number: +52 (922) 225 0373
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/reyesalvareznicolas
Website: http://www.minatitlan.gob.mx
Govt. Office Address: Hidalgo no. 107 Col. Centro C.P. 96700, Minatitlan, Ver.Main