Durango, Durango 作者： 来源： 发布时间：2021-11-11
1. Population and Area
Pop: 654,876 (city)
Area: 10.041 km2 (city) | Elev: 1890 masl
Durango location in Mexico within the state of Durango
https://goo.gl/maps/kU36HZdNXBFeGTeL6
2. Natural geography
Nature and weather
Physiography
The city is located in the extreme west of the Guadiana valley, north of Mexico and in the center-west of the Mesa del Centro. It is located between parallel 23 ° 57 'and 24 ° 05' north latitude and between meridians 104 ° 33 'and 104 ° 43' relative to Greenwich. The valley where it is located has an area of approximately 700 km² and is bordered to the north by the Canatlan valley, to the south and west by the Sierra Madre Occidental, to the southeast by the Sierra del Registro and to the east by the plains area limiting it with a series of hills and elevations.
Within the valley, at an average altitude of 1880 meters above sea level, there are only two notable accidents: Cerro de Mercado (2040 meters above sea level) to the north of the city and Cerro de los Remedios (1980 meters above sea level) to the west, in addition to several hills that increase to the west of the valley to give way to the Sierra Madre Occidental. In the center of the valley there are several depressions such as "El Arenal" that divert the course of the valley's rivers and make them "return" to the Sierra Madre.
Hydrography
Several seasonal streams have waterways close to the city. The El Tunal river runs from the Sierra Madre Occidental to the south of the valley, it is the most important water current in the valley, its flow was reduced with the construction of the Guadalupe Victoria Dam, located in the canyon that empties into the valley of Guadiana and built for the storage of water for irrigation purposes during the dry season, is the largest body of water in the entire region. In addition to the Guadalupe Victoria dam, the city has the Peña del Águila dam, the Santiago Bayacora dam, and the Garabitos dam.
The Acequia Grande ran through the center of the city, the original location of the town was chosen in the vicinity of the acequia for the water supply, however, today the current is a seasonal underground stream except for the rainy season , the channel was confined to a tunnel that runs under the Dolores del Río Boulevard and intersects with the El Tunal river in the El Arenal area.
The La Sauceda river runs through the northern portion of the valley and its path does not cross the city, its current is integrated into that of the El Tunal river also in the El Arenal area.
It should be noted that the water of the entire state contains a very strong amount of minerals.
Flora and fauna
The surroundings of Durango City, as well as the state, has been distinguished by its fauna in recent years as animals declared extinct such as the Mexican black bear have been rediscovered and around 30 individuals of gray bears (grizzly) have been documented. The Mexican wolf almost disappeared in the state of Durango during the 20th century. Local wildlife protection groups managed to reproduce and reintroduce the Mexican wolf to its natural habitat in agreements with ranchers and state authorities. The puma, or mountain lion seems to frequent the Duranguenses pine-oak mountain ranges.
https://www.ecured.cu/Estado_de_Durango_(M%C3%A9xico)
Köppen Classification: Tropical and Subtropical Steppe Climate
This climate type occurs primarily on the periphery of the true deserts in low-latitude semiarid steppe regions. It is transitional to the tropical wet-dry climate on the equatorward side and to the mediterranean climate on its poleward margin, with a cooler, wetter winter resulting from the higher latitude and mid-latitude frontal cyclone activity. Annual precipitation totals are greater than in tropical and subtropical desert climates. Yearly variations in amount are not as extreme as in the true deserts but are nevertheless large.
The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "BSk". (Tropical and Subtropical Steppe Climate).
The average temperature for the year in Durango is 62.4°F (16.9°C). The warmest month, on average, is June with an average temperature of 72.0°F (22.2°C). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 51.6°F (10.9°C).
The highest recorded temperature in Durango is 103.1°F (39.5°C), which was recorded in May. The lowest recorded temperature in Durango is 10.4°F (-12°C), which was recorded in January.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Durango is 20.8" (528.3 mm). The month with the most precipitation on average is August with 5.5" (139.7 mm) of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is March with an average of 0.2" (5.1 mm). In terms of liquid precipitation, there are an average of 58.9 days of rain, with the most rain occurring in July with 14.7 days of rain, and the least rain occurring in March with 0.5 days of rain.
https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=910092&cityname=Durango+-+Madrazo%2C+Durango%2C+Mexico&units=
Getting there and around
Get there
By plane
General Guadalupe Victoria International Airport (IATA: DGO, ICAO: MMDO) serves Durango with flights to Mexico City, Tijuana, Houston, and Los Angeles.
By car
The distance between Mexico City and Victoria de Durango is 766 km. The road distance is 893.2 km.
By bus – There are several bus lines available. These include Omnibus de Mexico, Mexico Omnibus Plus, Tourists Luxury, Executive Senda AVE, North Transport, Transport North Premier, Futura, Transport Chihuahuenses, Mexico Interstate Bus (ELITE). In addition several bus lines run buses directly to the US. These include Autobuses Americanos, Omnibus Mexicanos, and Turimex Internacional. Along with local lines, these are located at the city's bus terminal, General Domingo Arrieta.
https://wikitravel.org/en/Hermosillo
Car Rental – To explore Mexico’s provincial towns and cities—including its beach locations and the scenery and attractions near them— consider renting a car for your visit. Having your own car will give you more flexibility than using public transport options and, in some cases, offer you access to places which are otherwise difficult to visit without the use of a car.
COVID19 - International entry into Mexico from United States
Allowed for: All visitors arriving by air. Mexico land borders are closed to non-essential travel
Restricted for: There are no current restrictions.
Get around
Local Buses – Local buses and mini-buses (combis or micros) are available locally for a fraction of the cost of a taxi around town. You need to speak Spanish to be able to ask for directions or ask the driver to tell you where to get off.
The bus station is around 4-5 km northeast from the city center; you can get a local bus from the center (12 pesos).
Taxis – Taxis in most of Mexico’s towns and cities are not metered, so agree your price before you get in. Taxi travel is very affordable in Mexico, in comparison to the USA, Canada and Europe, and so provides a viable means of public transportation in Mexico. Your hotel can arrange taxis for you; some post their rates on a board in the lobby; taxi hotel rates are usually higher than cabs you hail off the street. If you speak Spanish, you will have a distinct advantage and be able to negotiate a price with the driver.
Within the city, taxicabs are available and Durango is one of the cities with the lowest taxi rates in the country.
Uber is expanding rapidly across Mexico and now offers services in cities across the country, including: Mexico City, Toluca, Cuernavaca, Puebla, Querétaro, León, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Hermosillo, Tijuana, Mexicali, and Mérida. Uber has been adding Mexican cities to its network every year, check for availability when you arrive at your destination in Mexico.
Cabify and Didi are also developing and currently operate in cities including Mexico City, Toluca, Monterrey, Puebla, Querétaro and Tijuana. Check for availability in the city you are visiting.
These services offer people with smartphones a way to book a cab through a mobile app for a pre-agreed price. Fares are comparable with Sitio type cabs, and sometimes trade at a premium to this when local demand increases.
https://www.rome2rio.com/map/Mexico-City/Victoria-de-Durango
https://www.mexperience.com/transport/taxi-travel-in-mexico/#51
3. Economy
GDP: 41,041.5 M MXN (2010)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323024442_Estimacion_no-parametrica_del_producto_interno_bruto_de_los_municipios_de_Mexico
4. Industry characteristics
The city of Durango is the capital and economic center of a state that is mostly dependent on agriculture and livestock, with a high level of socioeconomic marginalization. It is by far the largest and most populated urban center in the state. More locally, the economy revolves around forestry and foreign factories that have set up shop here.
There have been efforts to develop a tourism industry here. Most visitors to the city visit the historic center, especially the cathedral, main plaza, the old railroad stations, parks and museums. Other attractions include haciendas, local natural areas and movie sets, some of which are now theme attractions. In 2010, the city built a suspended cable car similar to those found in Chihuahua and Zacatecas, which allows for panoramic views of the city as it climbs to the Cerro de los Remedios.
There are highways connecting the city to Zacatecas (and into the center of the country), Torreón to the north, Nayarit to the south and a new major highway west to Mazatlán. The General Guadalupe Victoria airport receives both national and international flights: six per day from Mexico City, one per day from Guadalajara, Tijuana and Monterrey as well as flights from Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston, and Dallas/Fort Worth (beginning in June 2019). However, only one airline, Aeromexico, connects the city with the nation's capital.
While nothing like its heyday in the mid- to late 20th century, the city and the surrounding area still attracts film projects, especially for works with a Western theme, with over 120 films shot here since the industry started. The area contains sets built for this purpose including Calle Howard, Western Village and Rancho Calderón, all with reproductions of wood buildings like those found in the Old West of the United States. The city proper has provided backdrops of Old Mexico. Several old sets have been converted into theme parks, including Chupaderos, Villas de Oeste and La Joya, John Wayne's old ranch.
5. Attractions
Downtown Durango City
Durango state’s capital city, also known rather handily as Durango, is well-known for having the most historic buildings in all of northern Mexico. The star of the show is surely the gorgeous Baroque-Churrigueresque-Neoclassical cathedral, full of paintings on the interior. As with most historic centres and central plazas, you’ll find street vendors flogging food, as well as numerous benches and a central bandstand. The general consensus is that you can’t visit Durango without enjoying the downtown of an evening, when many of the buildings light up.
Old West Town
Perhaps the coolest (and, arguably, oddest) attraction in Durango is the Old West Town, which is perfect for fans of the Western flicks that were so often filmed in Durango State, as well as for families travelling to Durango with kids. And it’s just ten minutes from downtown Durango! Originally built as a film set, The Old West Town has since been converted into a theme park of sorts which puts on Western-inspired shows and dance spectaculars each day.
Durango Museums
Durango is a surprisingly rich city when it comes to museums too. There’s the Museo Francisco Villa which celebrates everything Pancho Villa, the Mexican revolutionary born in Durango. Then there’s the Museo Gurza, which is situated in a small but beautiful 18th century house and regularly rotates modern art exhibits. Anyone interested in the mining history of Durango should definitely visit the subterranean Paseo Túnel de Minería too and the Museo de la Ciudad 450 deals with a more general history of Durango (and has a huge tank of scorpions).
https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/mexico/articles/the-top-10-things-to-see-and-do-in-durango-mexico
Travel and Eat in Durango Mexico
https://youtu.be/ea6N5MnmDk8
6. History
The official name is Victoria de Durango but it is also commonly referred to as the City of Durango or Durango City. The name “Durango” comes from a town in the Spanish province of Biscay, of Basque origin. It was named by Francisco de Ibarra after his hometown, as did the original name for the area, which was Nuevo Vizcaya. The official name of the city became Victoria de Durango in 1826, in honor of Guadalupe Victoria, the first president of Mexico and native of the state. The city's coat-of-arms serves as the seal for the state.
Since the pre-historic period the area was a conduit for influences from north and south, between Aridoamerica and Mesoamerica. The first inhabitants of the area were a people called the Nahoas, nomads which came to the area from the north about 2,000 years ago. By the Post Classic period, the area became inhabited by the Zacatecans and the Tepehuanos, who migrated here from the north west.
The modern city began as a mining town, officially founded as Villa de Durango by Francisco de Ibarra on July 8, 1563. Ibarra was sent north by Viceroy Luis de Velasco to conquer the territory and found the city. The site was chosen because of its proximity to the Cerro de Mercado, thought at the time to contain reserves of silver, but instead was found to be an important source of iron. The mountain was named for Captain Ginés Vázquez de Mercado, who discovered the valley on his expeditions in the north. The site was also chosen because it was close to the Franciscan mission at Analco, which was a source of water, wood and animals to hunt. The initial layout of the town was done by Alonso de Pacheco, bordered by what are now Madero and Constitución streets on running north-south, and by 5 de Febrero and 20 de noviembre running east-west. The historic center is still centered by the Plaza de Armas (main square) and the Cathedral Basilica.
Due to its distance from Mexico City, the city and the surrounding communities developed relatively autonomously. Some of the earliest missions in the north of the country are located in and around the city. It became an important stop on the road north to conquer what is now the north of Mexico and Southwest U.S. The Jesuits were also missionaries here from 1596 until their expulsion from New Spain in 1767. They founded the Colegio de Guadiana, which was the main educational institution for the north of Mexico during the colonial period.
The town became a parish in 1620. It was officially named a city on March 3, 1630. Difficulties forced the near-abandonment of the city of Durango in the 17th century, with the provincial capital moving to Parral, but starting in 1680, the city began to grow again. This was because the mines in Parral had started to give out and the reduction in violence as the Spanish government succeeded in subduing the native peoples. The city regained its role as the province's capital on October 10, 1738.
Durango was at the height of its influence during the 18th century because of the mining of various minerals in the nearby Sierra Madre Occiental. The bonanza allowed for the creation of a number of grand colonial-era buildings in the city center.
Various players in the War of Independence, including Miguel Hidalgo, were executed here on July 17, 1812. Their remains were buried at the Santuario de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe.
In 1867, Benito Juarez stayed here while traveling north.
The city became an archdiocese on June 23, 1891.
During the late 19th and early 20th century, the city of Durango remained the political center of the state as well as a regional commercial center for agricultural and handcrafted products. Mayors of the city at this time concentrated on improving infrastructure, such as government buildings, hospitals, water supply lines and public streets. The population of the city grew during this time.
In 1911, the city joined the Mexican Revolution under the leadership of the Arrieta brothers. Domingo Arrieta took the city, and the soldiers under the command of Victoriano Huerta rebelled against the government. The Mexican Revolution led to the loss of production of both haciendas and factories. On June 18, 1913, insurgents took the city of Durango, burning businesses here. The war led to economic depression that lasted for decades. In 1917, Domingo Arrieta, loyal to Venustiano Carranza, became governor of the state.
The destruction of the city center led to development outside of it, with the first neighborhood, Colonia Obrera of 1918, to break the historical limits of the city as it was near an ice factory and the rail line. The establishment of new neighborhoods (colonias) continued in the 1930s along the rail lines. Efforts were made from this time to the 1960s to regulate this growth.
The population grew noticeably in the 1960s and 1970s mostly due to migration from rural areas, increasing urban sprawl to 1,058 hectares. One major factor of this growth was the droughts of this time on agricultural production as well as expectations of industrial development.
The history of filmmaking in Durango goes back to 1898 when a clip entitled “A train arriving to Durango” was shot here. However, it was in the 1950s when commercial filmmaking began in the city and surrounding areas. Director Jack Smith discovered the La Ferrería Hacienda and found the landscape perfect for Western films. The first movie shot here was White Feather by 20th Century Fox. Over the following decades various Hollywood and Mexican films were shot here, attracting various famous stars. These included Robert Wagner, Clark Gable, Charlton Heston, James Coburn, Charles Bronson, Glenn Ford, Anthony Quinn and especially John Wayne, who shot seven films and bought a ranch called La Joya. Film production continued into the 1970s and 1980s, with Mexican companies using the area as well. More recent stars to work here include John Cusack, Kevin Costner, Salma Hayek, Penélope Cruz, Antonio Banderas, Catherine Zeta Jones and Brendan Fraser. Film production continues to this day but not to the extent as in the past. The state has a director of cinematography to promote the making of movies here. The main attraction for filmmakers is the variety of landscapes.
Population growth accelerated in the 1970s due to the city's economic development including cinematic production as well as economic decline in other parts of the state. Transportation infrastructure increased with the establishment of the airport. Industrial parks such as Durango and Gomez Palacio were established.
New efforts to regulate growth were initiated in the early 1980s, especially in zoning with limited success. Housing developments began during this time with urban sprawl reaching 5,368 hectares by 1992.
Urban development in the 1990s into the 2000s focused on road paving as well as traffic signals. Throughways such as the Anillo Periférica (Ring Road) were build in the 2000s and 2010s.
The city became a World Heritage site in 2010, as part of the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro. In the 2010s, many of the streetlights were replaced with those with LED lighting, as a cost and energy-saving measure. In 2013, the city council voted unanimously to ban bullfighting in the municipality. In 2013, the city celebrated the 450th anniversary of its founding.
7. Other Information: John Wayne's Old West is in Durango, Mexico
When we think of Old West movies, the first thing that comes to mind is America (that or Clint Eastwood). It's true that cowboy and Native American productions are emblematic of Hollywood cinematography. But what is not so well known is that many of those films were shot in Durango, Mexico.
Durango is rich in beautiful landscapes, especially when it comes to mountains, deserts, canyons and forests. It's a gold mine as a location for movies.
Villa del Oeste is one of the most popular western movie sets in the country. Thirteen feature films were shot here, including Sidney Poitier's Hate on the Prairies. Villa del Oeste is now a tourist attraction where you can eat in an old tavern, see a cowboy show, and take a photo dressed up as one of them (even with a rifle in hand).
Two kilometers from Villa del Oeste is San Vicente de Chupadores, the first place in the state to host a film set. There have been 44 films such as: Part Garret and Billy the Kid, Revenge, The Poker of Death and The Children of Katie Elder.
What's more, legendary actor John Wayne was so in love with Durango that in 1969 he bought the La Joya ranch and built his own western American stage there. His films such as Giant Among Men, The Jackals of the West and His Own Blood were filmed there.
So next time you see a western classic, like The Unforgiven, remember that part of that production is stamped "Made in Mexico."
https://www.vix.com/es/cultura-pop/182420/el-viejo-oeste-de-john-wayne-esta-en-durango-mexico
8.Contact Information
City Mayor: Jorge Alejandro Salum del Palacio
Contact number: +52 (618) 137 8000
Govt. Office Address: Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1401, CP. 34000 Durango, Dgo.
FB: https://www.facebook.com/JorgeSalumDurango
Twitter: https://twitter.com/JorgeSalum
Website: https://www.durangocapital.gob.mx